The document explains key map terminology and symbols essential for navigation, including scales, distance indicators, and compass directions, which help tourists plan their travels. It discusses various types of maps, such as road, street, political, physical, and electronic maps, highlighting their specific uses and features for tourists. Additionally, it covers the importance of time zones, the international date line, and the role of information communication technology in facilitating travel planning.

1. MAP TERMINOLOGY AND
MAP SYMBOLS
TERM 2 !!!!!

2. SCALE
The scale on a map gives you the information you need to work out
the distance between the two points. This is important for planning a
tour.
On this scale 1cm equals 150km.
Example= If a tourist in Cape Town want to
visit Saldanha Bay, it will be approximately
be 150 km.

3. Distance indicators are usually indicated by a symbol
on a road map.
Distance indicators show the distance between towns.
These distances are indicated on the left or right of the
road between towns.
Example:
From Noupoort to Carlton = 11 km
From Carlton to Middelburg = 29 km
From Middelburg to Rosmead = 9 km
Distance indicators can also help to determine how long it will take to travel
between two destinations if traveling at 100 km per hour.
For tourism purposes, travelling 100km will take
approximately 1 hour, keeping in mind one has to consider traffic, roadworks
etc.
DISTANCE INDICATORS

4. DIRECTION
Compass directions show the position of one place in relation to
another. The four main cardinal points are N, E, S, W and 16 compass
points.
E.g. Johannesburg is North East of Cape Town.
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5. MAP KEY
Map keys (also legends) help interpret information.
The map key explains the symbols used on that map. Tourists speak
many languages and therefore an image can indicate what facilities
are offered.

6. SYMBOLS
Images found on the key (also called legends) on the map.
For example:
Symbol showing that there is a car park available.

7. TIME ZONES
Why are we using a Time Zone Map?
The Earth rotates around its own axis, completing one full rotation
every 24 hours.
This causes the sun to rise at different times in different parts of the
world. For example, when we get up in the morning in South Africa, it
is still the previous night in the USA.
To make working with time easier, the world is divided up into time
zones. The time in each zone is taken from the time at 0° longitude.
Universal Time Coordinate (UTC)- The primary time standard to
regulate clocks and time.

9. Countries, such as Australia and Canada, have more than one time
zone because they stretch over many zones from west to east. There
is a one-hour difference between each time zone.
The 180° line is called the International Date Line (IDL) that separates
two consecutive calendar days.
The date in the Eastern hemisphere, to the left of the line, is always
one day ahead of the date in the Western hemisphere.
The reason the IDL zigzag is to avoid confusion by splitting a
town/country into two separate days. Countries along the IDL
determine which side of the IDL they want to follow.

11. DIFFERENT TYPES OF MAPS
Road maps
* Indicate the roads that connect
towns and cities.
* The distance between towns
and cities are useful for working
out travelling time to
destinations.
Street maps
* Show the layout of roads and
streets in towns/ cities.
* Show places tourists may need.
(hospitals, hotels, shops)
* Tourists brochures, websites,
other advertisements for
accommodation + attractions
provide small street map to find
easily.

12. Political maps
* Show the borders of countries,
states and provinces.
* Help tourists who plan to travel
across borders/ provinces,
indicate where the destinations
are located.
Physical maps
* Show natural and man made
features in a area.
* Mountains, rivers, deserts,
rivers, ocean.
* Colour is used to show the
heights of different land areas.
* Helps adventure tourists.

13. Specialist maps
* Show specific information such
as climate or the location of
airports/ train routes.
* Weather maps used to show
weather predictions for following
few days. Newspapers publish
this, also end of news at night.
Tourists information maps
* Provide information about
attractions, where to go, stop
and expect in an area.
* Tourist places are normally
indicated on brown signage
boards.

14. National parks
* Tourist information maps.
* Show distances, camp sites,
attractions and routes.
* Provides tourists information
about how long it will take them
to get from one place to the
next.
Electronic maps
* Most popular internet source of
electronic maps is Google.
* You can few maps and satellite images on
Google earth. Even local street maps and
view houses.
Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
* Receives data from satellites and uses the
data to generate maps showing latitude,
longitude and altitude.
* A destination is keyed in as a address or
as co- ordinates.
* Co- ordinates can be given in degrees,
minutes and seconds/ decimal format.
* Specific destinations names can be keyed
in.
* Smart phones have a built – in GPS
system.

15. Google earth
* Satellite pictures of any place
on earth in 3D
* Google street view: An
application of Google Earth
* Can rotate the view from
different angles.
* Offer street maps and route
planners, used to locate specific
destinations.
Information Communication
Technology (ICT) in Tourism
Communication devices- radio,
TV, cell phones, computers,
satellite systems:
* Internet – Provides up to date
information, tourists can plan
their holidays in advance
* Interactive maps- Can be
located on travel related
websites.