This document discusses the rise of tourism as a major economic driver in cities. It provides examples of how New York City and Michigan have strategically marketed themselves as tourist destinations through campaigns like "Pure Michigan" that aim to increase tourism spending, jobs, and tax revenue. The document also examines the socioeconomic impacts of tourism on cities, including uneven development, effects on urban culture and authenticity, and how cities must regulate tourism to both protect visitors and residents.

1. Tourism in the New
Urban Economy
March 25, 2014
UP6550
Justin Lyons

2. Agenda
 Introduction
 Tourism: who and what is at stake?
 NYC
 Pure Michigan
 Impact

3. Traditional Role of City Gov.?
 Provide public services for
 Safety
 Health
 Civic Education

4. NOW
A Place To Play

5. Why Tourism?
 Post-Fordist Economy
 Urban settings are much less
dependent/cannot rely on traditional
manufacturing to drive local economies
 Need for tax revenue and increase jobs for
unskilled workers

6. Culture of the City
Urban culture itself has become a commodity
and cities have a competitive advantage over
suburbs - Fainstein

7. Manufacturing of Tourism
DTW
Airport
Metro
Car/Taxi
Downtow
n Hotels
Bars/rest
aurants
Riverwalk
Jazz Fest
Workers

8. New York City
 50 million visitors in 2011
 35.2 million in 2002
 $47 billion in spending
 Fifth largest industry
 Ahead of media and
fashion
 7.36% of NYC economy
 320,000 jobs

9. NYC & Company
 Bloomberg Administration merged departments to
create a full service marketing, PR and ad agency
 $103 million budget over 5 years
 Created an “upscale image” of NYC
 Cohesive brand message across all gov. agencies,
taxis, etc.

10. State Of Michigan
 $17.7 billion in tourist
spending in 2011
 $995 million in state
taxes
 200,000 jobs

11. Travel MI Plan
 Travel MI (MEDC) created strategic plans with visions,
goals, objectives
 Collaboration, Funding, Product Development, Marketing,
Public Policy, Research, Resources, Service Excellence
 Collaboration across multiple state agencies
 Pushes funding for Pure Michigan campaign

12. Pure Michigan
 $13 million budget in 2013
 $4.3 million in Great Lakes
region
 $8.7 million rest of nation
 4 million trips to MI by out of
state visitors
 $1.2 billion economic impact

13. Pure Michigan Ad Spend

14. Domestic vs. Global
 East Coast travelers
 Average stay: 2.7 nights
 Spend/trip: $432
 International travelers
 Average stay: 7.3 nights
 Spend/trip: $1,700

15. Global Tourism
 Most important travelers to local economy
 World economy decentralized, which makes business
travel more necessary
 People are more educated
 Travel is easier than ever
 People seek places that are different than home

16. Resort Cities
 Created expressly for
consumption by visitors
 Not always stable
 Ex: Cancun, Las Vegas

17. Converted Cities
 Infrastructure built for tourism
 Tourist areas insulated from
“urban milieu” = uneven
development
 Ex: Atlanta, Dallas, Times
Square

18. Tourist-Historic Cities
 Manipulated to improve on
actual offerings
 Shift from authentic self to keep
up with imitation
 Ex: Barcelona, Venice, Paris

19. Socio-cultural/Economic/Spatial
IMPACT ON CITIES:

20. Regulations of Tourism
 Protect the Tourist
 Surveillance cameras, special police, transportation
 Protect the City
 Higher tax on hotel rooms, immigration laws
 Labor regulation (immigration, safety, marketing)
 Cluster related tourism businesses
 Exploit relationships as part of urban fabric
 Attract and retain talent

21. Effects of Tourism
 Can cities provide a shared and distinct experience?
 McDonaldization vs. unique
 Avoiding unpleasantness in “leisure”
 Welcome travelers vs. unrealistic facade
 Social justice of tourism
 Absorbing unskilled workers vs. low pay
 Is there an economic bubble ahead for tourism?

22. Sources
Text
 Tourism and the Commodification of Urban Culture, Susan S. Fainstein. The Urban Reinventors, Issue 2. November 2007.
 The 2012-2017 Michigan Tourism Strategic Plan, Dr. Sarah Nicholls. Travel Michigan, MEDC, December 2012.
 2012 Michigan Tourism Advertising Evaluation and Image Study, Longwoods International. Michigan Buisiness, March 2014.
 And Another Fifty Million People Just Got Off of the Plane, Michael Idov. New York Magazine, November 27, 2011.
 The Politics of Bread and Circuses: Building the City for the Visitor Class, Peter Eisinger. Urban Affairs Review, Vol. 35, No. 3,
January 2000.
Photos
 2013 Lollapalooza Day One, Keri Wiginton, Chicago Tribune, August 2, 2013.
 Highline Park Photos, The Highline, Iwan Baan, 2009.
 Photo Gallery, Detroit Eastern Market Corporation, 2009
 Getty Images, 2014