- Turin was founded as a Roman military camp in 28 BC and reached a population of 5,000 inhabitants within the walled city. It later became the capital of the Duchy of Savoy in 1563. - Turin was the capital of Italy from 1861 to 1865 after the country's unification and experienced rapid industrialization with the founding of Fiat in 1899 and Lancia in 1906. - Today Turin is known as an industrial center and home to Juventus FC, Torino FC, and automobile manufacturers like Fiat, Lancia, and Alfa Romeo. It has a population of around 1.2 million.