This document provides guidance on overloaded sentences from a university English composition class. It defines overloaded sentences as those that contain more information than the reader can easily process. Examples of overloaded sentences include ones with excessive information in brackets, ones that overuse "which" clauses, and ones with wordy subjects. The document encourages dividing complex ideas into clearer, simpler sentences with a single focus.
The Baccalaureate English exam is a summative written test produced by the Moroccan National Centre of Evaluation and Exams and administered at the end of the secondary school education to all eligible candidates for certification purposes. The content of the exam paper is based on the national curriculum and aims at assessing testees’ knowledge and skills in reading, vocabulary, grammar, language functions and writing.
The Baccalaureate English exam is a summative written test produced by the Moroccan National Centre of Evaluation and Exams and administered at the end of the secondary school education to all eligible candidates for certification purposes. The content of the exam paper is based on the national curriculum and aims at assessing testees’ knowledge and skills in reading, vocabulary, grammar, language functions and writing.
ABOUT PARAGRAPHSParagraphs contain THREE BASIC COMPONENTS.docxbartholomeocoombs
ABOUT PARAGRAPHS:
Paragraphs contain THREE BASIC COMPONENTS
1. TOPIC SENTENCE or CLAIM
2. CONCRETE DETAIL or DATA
3. COMMENTARY or WARRANT
TOPIC SENTENCE [TPS aka the "CLAIM"]
Usually, the first sentence in a BODY PARAGRAPH. It should introduce the topic of the paragraph and relate directly back to the THESIS. (or, in a longer essay, relate it directly back to the TPS of the preceding paragraph.) Imagine someone asking you, "How do you want me to think about your topic now?"
CONCRETE DETAIL [CD aka the "DATA"]:
This is the specific information you offer as the EVIDENCE for your topic; it will be the core of your paragraph. Imagine someone asking you, "Can you show me what you mean?" Other names for CONCRETE DETAIL: illustrations, examples, descriptions, quotations, paraphrasing, plot evidence.
During DRAFTING you may rely upon PHRASES like "FOR EXAMPLE" to introduce CONCRETE DETAIL--this is the kind of thing to eliminate during REVISION
In the literature essay, CD is often a DIRECT QUOTATION.
COMMENTARY [CM aka the "WARRANT"]:
This is your explanation for offering the concrete detail you select--that is, your comment on, discussion about, or evaluation of the evidence (CD) offered. Imagine someone asking you, "What exactly does your concrete detail prove?" You want to suggest how your CD is both relevant and unique. Other names for COMMENTARY include: insight, analysis, interpretation, evaluation, response, explication, reflection.
A hint for getting started on COMMENTARY: begin with the phrase : THIS SHOWS THAT . . . This is the kind of thing to eliminate during REVISION
Once you understand the different components of a paragraph, you can choose to MOVE BEYOND THE TEMPLATE. Some students depart from the FORMAT, some never do.
This whole discussion is based on Toulmin's Model . Here's a little bit more about it.
The model is a six-step system of argument:
(1) a CLAIM is made;
(2) DATA (also called "GROUNDS"), i.e., facts to support it, are offered;
(3) a WARRANT for connecting the data/grounds to the claim is conveyed
In addition, Toulmin adds
(4) BACKING, the theoretical or experimental foundations for the warrant, is shown (at least implicitly);
(5) appropriate MODAL QUALIFIERS (some, many, most, etc.) temper the claim; and
(6) possible REBUTTALS are considered.
But, for now, let us focus on the first three (and add a concluding sentence.
Claim
A claim is a statement that you are asking the other person to accept. This includes information you are asking them to accept as true (exposition) or actions you want them to accept and enact (persuasion).
Many people start with a claim, but then find that it is challenged. If you just ask me to do something, I will not simply agree with what you want. I will ask why I should agree with you. I will ask you to prove you claim. This is where grounds of data become important.
Data
Data is the basis of real persuasion and is made up of information and hard fact.
Law & CultureProfessor BannerLaw in ActionASSIGNMENT FOU.docxmanningchassidy
Law & Culture
Professor Banner
Law in Action
ASSIGNMENT FOUR
Each of these assignments asks you to apply the course material by completing a project or providing advice similar to what an actual law student or lawyer might do. You will conduct research, counsel a client, and outline points of law. Often these assignments require you to review additional, short assigned videos or documents, which are available in the Law in Action folder located in the Files section on Canvas.
In each case, unless specified otherwise, your answers should be as short as possible and as long as necessary.
The assignments must be submitted in a Word document on Canvas by the Due Date listed on the syllabus.
50 points—Excellent (professionally presented, no errors in legal analysis)
40 points—Satisfactory (solid legal analysis; small grammatical or proofreading issues)
30 points—OK (ideas are good but not fully formed; assignment is sloppy)
20 points—Assignment was submitted but includes multiple errors of law and/or grammar and proofreading issues
0 points—Assignment contains multiple mistakes and is not professionally presented or assignment was not submitted
There are 8 LIA assignments in all, each worth 50 points, for a total of 400 course points.
You have seven days to complete each of these assignments. Late assignments will not be accepted without a documented medical or religious excuse. Being sick for one or two days of seven is not an excuse.
Assignment Four
Assume that you are a reporter on the “legal beat” for a national newspaper. You have been asked to write an opinion piece discussing whether Michelle Carter’s appeal to the US Supreme Court of her criminal conviction for involuntary manslaughter* of her boyfriend, Conrad Roy is likely to succeed.
Based on the criminal law principles discussed in Chapter 5 and any criminal procedure or constitutional argument you wish to add, outline your strongest and best arguments as to why Carter is likely to succeed or fail on appeal. Consider, in your answer, whether the prosecution failed to prove she committed the crime beyond a reasonable doubt based on the elements of the crime, and whether, if the elements were met, there should have been any affirmative defenses available to Carter.
* Should you take a criminal law class, you will learn that the common law crime of homicide is divided into four categories:
· First Degree Murder (requires knowing intent and premeditation)
· Second Degree Murder (requires knowing intent but not premeditation)
· Voluntary Manslaughter (Second Degree Murder committed after being Provoked)
· Involuntary Manslaughter (Reckless Homicide, meaning that the defendant knew the risk of their actions and proceeded to act)
· Negligent Homicide (The defendant should have been aware of the risk of their actions and proceeded to act)
Here, the accusation is that Carter acted recklessly in causing the death of Roy.
Claim: College Should Not Be Free
Writing Requireme.
Samples Of A Narrative Essay. 4 Easy Ways to Write a Personal Narrative with ...Alexandra Saunders
Step-by-Step Guide How to Write Narrative Essay 2023 Update. Narrative Writing Template. Free Narrative Essay Examples - Samples amp; Format - Sample of a personal .... How to write an effective narrative essay. 004 Thesis Statement For Narrative Essay Example Thatsnotus. Writing narrative essay - College Homework Help and Online Tutoring.. Everything About Narrative Essay Writing, Full Guide Included .... Narrative Essay Examples sample, Bookwormlab. Narrative Essay: Narrative essays sample. Free Essay - 26 Examples, Format, Pdf Examples. How to Write a Narrative Essay: 15 Steps with Pictures - wikiHow. 003 Mla Format Narrative Essay Example Inspirationa Report Template For .... Buy a narrative essay examples pdf. Buy A Narrative Essay Examples High .... Personal Narrative Essay Sample Templates at allbusinesstemplates.com. Writing a Compelling Personal Narrative Essay: Tips and Examples .... Persuasive Essay: Short story narrative essay. Narrative Writing Example 3rd/4th Grades- Great for a back to school .... Good narrative essay samples. 2 Narrative Essay Examples That Tell .... Narrative essay: Narrative statement example. Narrative Essay - Narrative Essay. Essay Writing Examples - 21 Samples in PDF DOC Examples. What is a Narrative Essay Examples, Format amp; Techniques. Sample Narrative Essay. Writing narrative essay. Narrative Essay Writing Guide: Topics .... Sample narrative essay. Narrative Essay: Narrative essay example for grade 6. 019 Narrative Essay Prompts Example Writing For Middle School Poemsrom .... Free Narrative Essay Examples - Samples amp; Format - Example of a good .... 4 Easy Ways to Write a Personal Narrative with Pictures. W..E: Sample narrative essay. Narrative Essay Examples High School Telegraph. 006 Personal Narrative Essay Example High School Examp Examples Short .... Personal Narrative Essay Example Lovely Personal Training Expert .... Narrative essay Samples Of A Narrative Essay Samples Of A Narrative Essay. 4 Easy Ways to Write a Personal Narrative with Pictures
Law Essay Sample. Employment law essay - Analyse the prospects of success of ...Lorri Soriano
College Essay Examples - 9+ in PDF | Examples. Essay - Assignment 2 Legal Interpretation LLW1004 - I. INTRODUCTION .... How to Write a Law Essay Introduction (Law Lecturer's Guide .... Write my law essay; What To Do When Seeking Expert College Academic Help. 011 Essay Example Law Uk Writing Legal Essays Structure Examples Of .... Final Essay Constitutional Law - StuDocu.
Lesson 19 - Identifying Topics, Main Ideas and Supporting DetailsEzr Acelar
Used in Developmental Reading Class.
Includes Take Off/Motivation Activities, Discussion on the Paragraph, Main Idea, Topic Sentence, Tips from Reading Resources, and some activities for practice.
Sample essay on importance of self motivation. inspirational speech writing Motivational speeches, Inspirational .... motivation to write an essay, motivation to write an essay .... Smart Samples Of Motivation Letter For Masters Degree Pharmaceutical .... How to write research motivation. Custom Written Leadership and .... Essay on Motivation for all Class in 100 to 500 Words in English. Motivational Essay Adolescence Motivation. Motivation Essay Essay on Motivation for Students and Children in .... Motivation Essay Motivation Self-Improvement. Motivation for essay writing - National Sports Clinics. motivation essay example essay motivation Motivation essay ... Essay .... Top Examples Of Personal Essays For Scholarships Thatsnotus. Motivation Essay example - PHDessay.com. Motivation Essay PDF Self Actualization Motivation. Self motivation essay - Reliable Essay Writers That Deserve Your Trust. How To Find Motivation To Write An Essay - Ackman Letter. Essay on motivation in english. How to Write a Personal Statement .... Essay websites: Self motivation essay. Rare What Motivates You Essay Thatsnotus. Essay on motivation Motivation Self-Improvement Free 30-day Trial .... Importance of motivation in the workplace essay. What motivates you essay examples in 2021 Essay examples, Scholarship .... Motivational Essay. Writing motivation essay. 012 Essay Example Inspirational Essays Thatsnotus. Essay writing tips and examples. Desire to Act Essay Example Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words. motivationessay - 10 Steps in Writing a Motivation Essay for .... Essay About Student Motivation - PHDes
Week 05 Posting - Reports.docx COMM 310 Posting for Week .docxmelbruce90096
Week 05 Posting - Reports.docx
COMM 310: Posting for Week 5—Reports
Don’t forget that the User Guide CMAPP Analysis assignment—a Group assignment—is due
this week. That means that I should receive one assignment file from each group.
Reports—An Overview
I’m going to presume that you’ve read Chapter 11 of Engineering Communication. As it points
out, no one ever gets up in the morning and says, “You know… I think I want to write a
report, today!” You write a report for one reason only: someone (almost always a single
individual) has asked for it. And, in CMAPP terms, the person who has asked you for the
report is almost always going to be your primary audience.
You’ll recall that, generally speaking, we can discern two broad categories of reports:
Short reports, also called informal reports
Long reports, also called formal reports
You’ll likewise recall that the terms short and long no longer refer simply to length. In fact, a
long short report may be longer than a short long report. And, as I’ll remind you shortly (excuse
the pun!), the distinction relates more to the reports’ structural conventions.
I cannot imagine your being able to pursue a professional career without writing reports. The
kinds of reports you will need to produce will depend, of course, on the kind of work you
do. It’s likely that very few of you will need to create long/formal reports. Although many
people in an organization often contribute information towards a long report—a company’s
Annual Report to Shareholders, for example—relatively few actually take part in writing it.
Almost certainly, though, you’ll have write a variety of short/informal reports. Consequently,
this course focuses much more on those.
I would also recommend to you the (Word 2003) file (available on April 24, 2014, from
http://misnt.indstate.edu/wilhelm/ASBE%20336/NelsonStudyNotes_sp10.doc), BEIT 336
Business Report Writing Study Notes by Sandra J. Nelson of the School of Business at Indiana
State University. Admittedly, the document is lengthy—over 60 pages. Nonetheless, her
advice and examples are informative and worthwhile.
In this week’s website section, you’ll see two folders that I’ve posted for you. Reports – General
Information and Sample Reports. Let me allude to the latter, first, by citing its folder description:
These sample reports appeared in my 2003 textbook (published by Southwestern), Survivor's
Guide to Technical Writing. As a kind of "source credit", I include a JPEG scan of that book's
front cover.
With the exception of the file Formal Report, they illustrate the classification of short reports
mentioned on page 154 of Engineering Communication. As I indicate there, however, I believe
you will be better served by treating each report as a particular piece of technical
communication, created by applying a CMAPP analysis.
The Formal Report example offers "selected pages" with explanatory marginalia. You will .
Best Essay About Experience In Life ~ Thatsnotus. 004 Essay Example Personal Experience Examples ~ Thatsnotus. Buy A Narrative Essay Example About Life Experience: Narrative Essay. Write An Essay About Your Life Experience | Best Writing Company. Life experience essay example. essay examples: Life Experience Essay. Impressive Life Experience Essay ~ Thatsnotus. life experience essay example.
Oedipus: the King of Thebes - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Oedipus The King Summary - A-Level Classics - Marked by Teachers.com. Oedipus the King by Socrates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... Oedipus the King: The Story of the Consequences of a Curse Placed on .... A summary of the plot of Oedipus | Essay writing help, Essay questions .... School essay: Oedipus the king analysis essay.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
ABOUT PARAGRAPHSParagraphs contain THREE BASIC COMPONENTS.docxbartholomeocoombs
ABOUT PARAGRAPHS:
Paragraphs contain THREE BASIC COMPONENTS
1. TOPIC SENTENCE or CLAIM
2. CONCRETE DETAIL or DATA
3. COMMENTARY or WARRANT
TOPIC SENTENCE [TPS aka the "CLAIM"]
Usually, the first sentence in a BODY PARAGRAPH. It should introduce the topic of the paragraph and relate directly back to the THESIS. (or, in a longer essay, relate it directly back to the TPS of the preceding paragraph.) Imagine someone asking you, "How do you want me to think about your topic now?"
CONCRETE DETAIL [CD aka the "DATA"]:
This is the specific information you offer as the EVIDENCE for your topic; it will be the core of your paragraph. Imagine someone asking you, "Can you show me what you mean?" Other names for CONCRETE DETAIL: illustrations, examples, descriptions, quotations, paraphrasing, plot evidence.
During DRAFTING you may rely upon PHRASES like "FOR EXAMPLE" to introduce CONCRETE DETAIL--this is the kind of thing to eliminate during REVISION
In the literature essay, CD is often a DIRECT QUOTATION.
COMMENTARY [CM aka the "WARRANT"]:
This is your explanation for offering the concrete detail you select--that is, your comment on, discussion about, or evaluation of the evidence (CD) offered. Imagine someone asking you, "What exactly does your concrete detail prove?" You want to suggest how your CD is both relevant and unique. Other names for COMMENTARY include: insight, analysis, interpretation, evaluation, response, explication, reflection.
A hint for getting started on COMMENTARY: begin with the phrase : THIS SHOWS THAT . . . This is the kind of thing to eliminate during REVISION
Once you understand the different components of a paragraph, you can choose to MOVE BEYOND THE TEMPLATE. Some students depart from the FORMAT, some never do.
This whole discussion is based on Toulmin's Model . Here's a little bit more about it.
The model is a six-step system of argument:
(1) a CLAIM is made;
(2) DATA (also called "GROUNDS"), i.e., facts to support it, are offered;
(3) a WARRANT for connecting the data/grounds to the claim is conveyed
In addition, Toulmin adds
(4) BACKING, the theoretical or experimental foundations for the warrant, is shown (at least implicitly);
(5) appropriate MODAL QUALIFIERS (some, many, most, etc.) temper the claim; and
(6) possible REBUTTALS are considered.
But, for now, let us focus on the first three (and add a concluding sentence.
Claim
A claim is a statement that you are asking the other person to accept. This includes information you are asking them to accept as true (exposition) or actions you want them to accept and enact (persuasion).
Many people start with a claim, but then find that it is challenged. If you just ask me to do something, I will not simply agree with what you want. I will ask why I should agree with you. I will ask you to prove you claim. This is where grounds of data become important.
Data
Data is the basis of real persuasion and is made up of information and hard fact.
Law & CultureProfessor BannerLaw in ActionASSIGNMENT FOU.docxmanningchassidy
Law & Culture
Professor Banner
Law in Action
ASSIGNMENT FOUR
Each of these assignments asks you to apply the course material by completing a project or providing advice similar to what an actual law student or lawyer might do. You will conduct research, counsel a client, and outline points of law. Often these assignments require you to review additional, short assigned videos or documents, which are available in the Law in Action folder located in the Files section on Canvas.
In each case, unless specified otherwise, your answers should be as short as possible and as long as necessary.
The assignments must be submitted in a Word document on Canvas by the Due Date listed on the syllabus.
50 points—Excellent (professionally presented, no errors in legal analysis)
40 points—Satisfactory (solid legal analysis; small grammatical or proofreading issues)
30 points—OK (ideas are good but not fully formed; assignment is sloppy)
20 points—Assignment was submitted but includes multiple errors of law and/or grammar and proofreading issues
0 points—Assignment contains multiple mistakes and is not professionally presented or assignment was not submitted
There are 8 LIA assignments in all, each worth 50 points, for a total of 400 course points.
You have seven days to complete each of these assignments. Late assignments will not be accepted without a documented medical or religious excuse. Being sick for one or two days of seven is not an excuse.
Assignment Four
Assume that you are a reporter on the “legal beat” for a national newspaper. You have been asked to write an opinion piece discussing whether Michelle Carter’s appeal to the US Supreme Court of her criminal conviction for involuntary manslaughter* of her boyfriend, Conrad Roy is likely to succeed.
Based on the criminal law principles discussed in Chapter 5 and any criminal procedure or constitutional argument you wish to add, outline your strongest and best arguments as to why Carter is likely to succeed or fail on appeal. Consider, in your answer, whether the prosecution failed to prove she committed the crime beyond a reasonable doubt based on the elements of the crime, and whether, if the elements were met, there should have been any affirmative defenses available to Carter.
* Should you take a criminal law class, you will learn that the common law crime of homicide is divided into four categories:
· First Degree Murder (requires knowing intent and premeditation)
· Second Degree Murder (requires knowing intent but not premeditation)
· Voluntary Manslaughter (Second Degree Murder committed after being Provoked)
· Involuntary Manslaughter (Reckless Homicide, meaning that the defendant knew the risk of their actions and proceeded to act)
· Negligent Homicide (The defendant should have been aware of the risk of their actions and proceeded to act)
Here, the accusation is that Carter acted recklessly in causing the death of Roy.
Claim: College Should Not Be Free
Writing Requireme.
Samples Of A Narrative Essay. 4 Easy Ways to Write a Personal Narrative with ...Alexandra Saunders
Step-by-Step Guide How to Write Narrative Essay 2023 Update. Narrative Writing Template. Free Narrative Essay Examples - Samples amp; Format - Sample of a personal .... How to write an effective narrative essay. 004 Thesis Statement For Narrative Essay Example Thatsnotus. Writing narrative essay - College Homework Help and Online Tutoring.. Everything About Narrative Essay Writing, Full Guide Included .... Narrative Essay Examples sample, Bookwormlab. Narrative Essay: Narrative essays sample. Free Essay - 26 Examples, Format, Pdf Examples. How to Write a Narrative Essay: 15 Steps with Pictures - wikiHow. 003 Mla Format Narrative Essay Example Inspirationa Report Template For .... Buy a narrative essay examples pdf. Buy A Narrative Essay Examples High .... Personal Narrative Essay Sample Templates at allbusinesstemplates.com. Writing a Compelling Personal Narrative Essay: Tips and Examples .... Persuasive Essay: Short story narrative essay. Narrative Writing Example 3rd/4th Grades- Great for a back to school .... Good narrative essay samples. 2 Narrative Essay Examples That Tell .... Narrative essay: Narrative statement example. Narrative Essay - Narrative Essay. Essay Writing Examples - 21 Samples in PDF DOC Examples. What is a Narrative Essay Examples, Format amp; Techniques. Sample Narrative Essay. Writing narrative essay. Narrative Essay Writing Guide: Topics .... Sample narrative essay. Narrative Essay: Narrative essay example for grade 6. 019 Narrative Essay Prompts Example Writing For Middle School Poemsrom .... Free Narrative Essay Examples - Samples amp; Format - Example of a good .... 4 Easy Ways to Write a Personal Narrative with Pictures. W..E: Sample narrative essay. Narrative Essay Examples High School Telegraph. 006 Personal Narrative Essay Example High School Examp Examples Short .... Personal Narrative Essay Example Lovely Personal Training Expert .... Narrative essay Samples Of A Narrative Essay Samples Of A Narrative Essay. 4 Easy Ways to Write a Personal Narrative with Pictures
Law Essay Sample. Employment law essay - Analyse the prospects of success of ...Lorri Soriano
College Essay Examples - 9+ in PDF | Examples. Essay - Assignment 2 Legal Interpretation LLW1004 - I. INTRODUCTION .... How to Write a Law Essay Introduction (Law Lecturer's Guide .... Write my law essay; What To Do When Seeking Expert College Academic Help. 011 Essay Example Law Uk Writing Legal Essays Structure Examples Of .... Final Essay Constitutional Law - StuDocu.
Lesson 19 - Identifying Topics, Main Ideas and Supporting DetailsEzr Acelar
Used in Developmental Reading Class.
Includes Take Off/Motivation Activities, Discussion on the Paragraph, Main Idea, Topic Sentence, Tips from Reading Resources, and some activities for practice.
Sample essay on importance of self motivation. inspirational speech writing Motivational speeches, Inspirational .... motivation to write an essay, motivation to write an essay .... Smart Samples Of Motivation Letter For Masters Degree Pharmaceutical .... How to write research motivation. Custom Written Leadership and .... Essay on Motivation for all Class in 100 to 500 Words in English. Motivational Essay Adolescence Motivation. Motivation Essay Essay on Motivation for Students and Children in .... Motivation Essay Motivation Self-Improvement. Motivation for essay writing - National Sports Clinics. motivation essay example essay motivation Motivation essay ... Essay .... Top Examples Of Personal Essays For Scholarships Thatsnotus. Motivation Essay example - PHDessay.com. Motivation Essay PDF Self Actualization Motivation. Self motivation essay - Reliable Essay Writers That Deserve Your Trust. How To Find Motivation To Write An Essay - Ackman Letter. Essay on motivation in english. How to Write a Personal Statement .... Essay websites: Self motivation essay. Rare What Motivates You Essay Thatsnotus. Essay on motivation Motivation Self-Improvement Free 30-day Trial .... Importance of motivation in the workplace essay. What motivates you essay examples in 2021 Essay examples, Scholarship .... Motivational Essay. Writing motivation essay. 012 Essay Example Inspirational Essays Thatsnotus. Essay writing tips and examples. Desire to Act Essay Example Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words. motivationessay - 10 Steps in Writing a Motivation Essay for .... Essay About Student Motivation - PHDes
Week 05 Posting - Reports.docx COMM 310 Posting for Week .docxmelbruce90096
Week 05 Posting - Reports.docx
COMM 310: Posting for Week 5—Reports
Don’t forget that the User Guide CMAPP Analysis assignment—a Group assignment—is due
this week. That means that I should receive one assignment file from each group.
Reports—An Overview
I’m going to presume that you’ve read Chapter 11 of Engineering Communication. As it points
out, no one ever gets up in the morning and says, “You know… I think I want to write a
report, today!” You write a report for one reason only: someone (almost always a single
individual) has asked for it. And, in CMAPP terms, the person who has asked you for the
report is almost always going to be your primary audience.
You’ll recall that, generally speaking, we can discern two broad categories of reports:
Short reports, also called informal reports
Long reports, also called formal reports
You’ll likewise recall that the terms short and long no longer refer simply to length. In fact, a
long short report may be longer than a short long report. And, as I’ll remind you shortly (excuse
the pun!), the distinction relates more to the reports’ structural conventions.
I cannot imagine your being able to pursue a professional career without writing reports. The
kinds of reports you will need to produce will depend, of course, on the kind of work you
do. It’s likely that very few of you will need to create long/formal reports. Although many
people in an organization often contribute information towards a long report—a company’s
Annual Report to Shareholders, for example—relatively few actually take part in writing it.
Almost certainly, though, you’ll have write a variety of short/informal reports. Consequently,
this course focuses much more on those.
I would also recommend to you the (Word 2003) file (available on April 24, 2014, from
http://misnt.indstate.edu/wilhelm/ASBE%20336/NelsonStudyNotes_sp10.doc), BEIT 336
Business Report Writing Study Notes by Sandra J. Nelson of the School of Business at Indiana
State University. Admittedly, the document is lengthy—over 60 pages. Nonetheless, her
advice and examples are informative and worthwhile.
In this week’s website section, you’ll see two folders that I’ve posted for you. Reports – General
Information and Sample Reports. Let me allude to the latter, first, by citing its folder description:
These sample reports appeared in my 2003 textbook (published by Southwestern), Survivor's
Guide to Technical Writing. As a kind of "source credit", I include a JPEG scan of that book's
front cover.
With the exception of the file Formal Report, they illustrate the classification of short reports
mentioned on page 154 of Engineering Communication. As I indicate there, however, I believe
you will be better served by treating each report as a particular piece of technical
communication, created by applying a CMAPP analysis.
The Formal Report example offers "selected pages" with explanatory marginalia. You will .
Best Essay About Experience In Life ~ Thatsnotus. 004 Essay Example Personal Experience Examples ~ Thatsnotus. Buy A Narrative Essay Example About Life Experience: Narrative Essay. Write An Essay About Your Life Experience | Best Writing Company. Life experience essay example. essay examples: Life Experience Essay. Impressive Life Experience Essay ~ Thatsnotus. life experience essay example.
Oedipus: the King of Thebes - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Oedipus The King Summary - A-Level Classics - Marked by Teachers.com. Oedipus the King by Socrates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... Oedipus the King: The Story of the Consequences of a Curse Placed on .... A summary of the plot of Oedipus | Essay writing help, Essay questions .... School essay: Oedipus the king analysis essay.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. University of El Salvador
Western Multidisciplinary Campus
Foreign Language Department
English Composition I
Handout 4
Responsible: Professor Darlene Mata
Unit 1 – topic 4: Overloaded, Padded and Empty Sentences
Overloaded Sentences
Avoid sentences that contain more information than the reader can easily
follow. Instead, divide such sentences into more manageable pieces that can be
easily grasped.
Weak- Because researchers interested in speech synthesis and automatic
recognition need to find rules that improve intelligibility of speech, they need to
study the psychological determinants more closely before they can solve what
has become a complex set of questions.
Improved- Researchers interested in speech synthesis and automatic
recognition need to find rules that improve intelligibility of speech.
Consequently, they need to study the psychological determinants more closely
before they can solve what has become a complex set of questions.
Weak- In response to the leak history of the pipe made of 304-L stainless
steel, a work request, IJ-117, was prepared by Plant Maintenance in August of
1989 to replace approximately 55 feet of the HLD 304-L pipe--the entire
segment running from the "cells" area to the point in the drainage system that
turns south to exit the building--with pipe made of a different material, Iconel
600 (see Figure…).
Improved- Plant Maintenance responded to the leak history of the stainless
steel pipe (304-L) with a work request in August 1989 to replace a 55-foot
section with Iconel 600 pipe. This section made up the entire pipe segment
running from the "cells" area to a point where the drainage system turns south
to exit the building (see Figure N).
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2. Length is often blamed for sentences going awry, but the problem is more
complex than that because a long sentence sometimes works. Take Mark
Twain’s beautiful example:
‘At times he may indulge himself with a long one [sentence], but he will make
sure there are no folds in it, no vaguenesses, no parenthetical interruptions of
its view as a whole; when he has done with it, it won’t be a sea-serpent with
half of its arches under the water; it will be a torch-light procession. (57 words)
Long sentences can become confusing when we put too much information in
brackets, overuse ‘which’ clauses or make our subjects too wordy.
Overloading sentences with information in brackets
We sometimes try to make our sentences convey too much information by
embedding extra information in brackets. Take this sentence from a Westpac
credit card brochure about international travel insurance.
‘A cardholder becomes eligible for this Overseas travel insurance when, before
leaving Australia on an overseas journey, they have a return overseas travel
ticket, and A$500 of each of their prepaid travel costs (i.e. cost of their return
overseas travel ticket, and/or airport/departure taxes; and/or their prepaid
overseas accommodation/travel; and/or their other prepaid overseas itinerary
items) have been charged to the cardholder’s eligible credit card account.’ (71
words)
I think it means that you have to have a return ticket before you leave the
country and pre-pay at least $500 of your overseas travel expenses, including
your ticket, with your credit card.
If you take out the information in brackets, the sentence is a bit easier.
‘A cardholder becomes eligible for this Overseas travel insurance when, before
leaving Australia on an overseas journey, they have a return overseas travel
ticket, and A$500 of each of their prepaid travel costs have been charged to the
cardholder’s eligible credit card account.’
Although clearer this sentence still needs rewriting because the word ‘each’ is
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3. confusing, given that the items in brackets are followed by ‘and/or’. Also it
raises questions: for example, if I pay for my accommodation with cash or
another credit card, am I still eligible for insurance?
The information in brackets could have been an additional sentence using
bullet points.
Overseas travel expenses include the costs of:
• Return ticket and airport departure taxes
• Prepaid overseas accommodation, travel and itinerary items
Trying to tweak this sentence still doesn’t work because the thinking behind it
isn’t clear. Sometimes you just have to start again and work out what you are
trying to say.
Overloading them with too much information in ‘which’
clauses
Take this example that I found in the Australian Financial Review during the
GFC.
‘For example, the conversion of former US investment banking giants Goldman
Sachs and Morgan Stanley into commercial banks (which have tougher capital
requirements) had the unintended consequence of squeezing funding to hedge
funds – which in turn has exacerbated their dumping of assets across world
markets.’ (45 words)
I have highlighted ‘which’ as causing the sentence overload, but it has an
additional problem. I am not sure who ‘their’ relates to (unclear antecedent) –
who’s doing the dumping?
Overloading the subject with too many words
Sentences that have a lengthy subject (nominal group or noun phrase) are
difficult to read.
[The young male rats that were from the same colony as the rats with
symptoms of the disease, but which do not show sign of the disease at this
stage of their development] were used as the control group.
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4. Rewritten to make the subject shorter:
[The symptom-free young male rats] were used as the control group. These rats
were from the same colony as the rats showing symptoms of the disease.
What other causes of overloaded sentences have you noticed?
Writing is less about putting words on a page or screen than it is about putting
thoughts in order.
Our job as writers is to clarify the world and ideas for our audience. That
means illuminating—showing something that was hidden before—and
simplifying—sorting out ideas, phenomena and events that are tangled and
difficult to understand.
Consider these tangled ideas. By the way, I invented none of the examples I’m
about to show you. They’re all taken from published documents or from former
students. In either case, the writers should never have let anyone else see
them.
• We were informed of your government’s new initiative to link young
people about to graduate from post-secondary education with small
businesses who need skilled employment candidates by a teacher from
Saskatchewan who is a member of our team of educators that is
championing the inclusion of health literacy into high-school curricula.
How many ideas are crammed into that one sentence? Yes, it’s grammatically
correct, but it has 5 dependent clauses, 9 prepositional phrases and 51 words.
No, I’m not going to give an eighth-grade lesson in grammar or parsing
sentences. I’m saying that’s too much for any audience. There are at least 14
different, if linked ideas in it.
You have learned a sentence is a single complete thought. While it makes sense
to link thoughts together, when you get a chain long enough to wrap around
your winter tires, it’s too long.
How about this one:
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5. • As he suggests, “the binary logic” of many sociological texts encourages
an Eurocentric analysis that conceptually constructs an a historical,
apolitical social science which avoids an analysis of the political and
economic exploitation that is associated with racial and ethnic prejudice
and discrimination.
That one starts with “binary logic,” goes through sociology, history, politics and
social science, some other ideas and ends up with discrimination. It’s like
wandering in a college campus and wondering how you got to the garbage room
when you started in the computer lab and were hoping to get to the caf.
I call these “overloaded sentences”—they just cannot support that much
information. By the time the readers get to the end of a sentence like that,
they’ve forgotten the beginning.
Here’s one from fiction:
Had he known that Ralph had managed to break into the apartment and
wire it quickly before he had followed the three of them to the video
store, Andy might have given a small bit of thought to the intelligence of
listing a good many words that clearly indicated his belief that his
pursuers were idiots, but he didn’t, much to the displeasure of his
unseen audience.
Organizational problem
Sentence overload is caused when you have so much to say and you try
to get it all out at once. The solution: get a GRIP on your sentences as
well as your whole document:
• Goal: what are you trying to accomplish with these thoughts? What do
you want your readers to do after reading?
• Reader: whom are you saying it to? What do they already know, what do
you want them to know?
• Idea: of all the ideas in that long, convoluted sentence, which is the most
important?
• Plan: what other information does the audience need to understand your
main point? How is this other information related to the main point?
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6. Now, organize it. Put the most important idea first. If two ideas are equally
important, make each one the main part of a separate sentence. Then use less
important ideas as dependent clauses or qualifying phrases.
You don’t always have to repeat qualifying information:
• Notably, policymakers in India have made financial inclusion a priority,
according to speaker LD Patel, Deputy director of the XXX of India,
where all Indian institutions have been requested by the central
regulatory department of India to formulate board approved educational
inclusion plans for the next three years.
The Indian government has asked all Indian institutions to develop
plans to bring education to the poorest communities within three years,
said LD Patel, Deputy Director of the XXX.
Sometimes, it seems as if the writer changed his or her mind halfway through
the sentence:
• It highlights the growing importance and recognition of healthy
nutrition continues to gain in Canada and internationally with the
availability of more resources, information and good practices to help
develop strategic priorities, research, evaluation and programs.
The importance of healthy nutrition is gaining recognition
internationally. There are more resources, information and good
practices available to help develop strategic priorities, research,
evaluation and programs.
• Based on last year’s results, and since the target audience is very well-
defined and the product was developed for, and extensively tested with
that audience, we expect the following results in 2010/11:
The product was developed for a specific audience and tested with it.
Based on those results, we can expect the following in 2010-2011:
From fiction:
• Tristan blinked, his head moving up, not realizing he was so tired,
normally he was more than energized and almost always ready to go.
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7. This actually combines several problems common in fiction from new
writers: more detail than the reader needs or wants, and telling instead
of showing. I would amend it to:
Tristan’s head nodded involuntarily. “What’s up, Tristan?” Annabella
asked. “You’re usually ready to go.”
Challenges:
Here is a couple that I received from students. My challenge to you is to turn
these into readable prose. Leave your responses in the Comments box, below.
Have fun!
1: Management is pleased to be receiving a positive response from employees
about the relocation of headquarters from Toronto to Calgary, although there
are some concerns about the merger due to the cultural differences between the
Calgary employees versus those from Toronto, so in response to growing
concerns, management is taking action in order to ensure co-operation and
compatibility between teams.
2. I recently completed a kitchen remodel and on July 2 I ordered by telephone
double-glazed, oak French doors from Quality Doors, Inc, that were required
for this job, which when they arrived on July 25, my carpenter told me were cut
too small, measuring total of 2.31 square metres wide instead of 2.33 square
metres wide, so my carpenter offered rebuild the opening but charging me for
his time $455.50 because I waited three weeks for these doors, and my clients
wanted them installed immediately.
Improving Empty and Padded Sentences
A paragraph should not include sentences that do not say anything worth
saying. These sentences are sometimes called empty sentences. The first
sentence in this pair is empty; the second is not:
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8. Cairo, Egypt, is a large city because it is so vast.
Cairo, Egypt, is a city of about eight million people.
Nor should a paragraph include sentences that use unnecessary words. These
sentences are sometimes called padded sentences. The first sentence in this
pair is padded; the second is not:
It is, of course, a fact that Cairo is located on the River Nile.
Cairo is located on the River Nile.
Empty & Padded Sentences Exercise
Revise each padded sentence. Cut unnecessary words and phrases.
1. School was closed due to the fact that there was a snowstorm.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Last summer, I had the good luck to go during the summer to a mountain
camp in the mountains of New York State.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. What I wanted to say was that the baseball game in being broadcast right
now on channel 24 as a matter of fact.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Revise each empty sentence. Remove the empty sentence.
1. The principal’s speech couldn’t be heard by those of us in the back row. We
were unable to hear what she was saying. Later, I learned the topic was “Goals
for our Music Program.”
______________________________________________________________________
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9. ______________________________________________________________________
2. About 55 percent of all the voters voted against the corporation’s
management. That’s more than half of all voters. It just goes to show you how
foolish people can be.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
What happens when we overload sentences?
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10. ______________________________________________________________________
2. About 55 percent of all the voters voted against the corporation’s
management. That’s more than half of all voters. It just goes to show you how
foolish people can be.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
What happens when we overload sentences?
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