Insects are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body, three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae.
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Ants have tiny brains but are able to navigate long distances to and from their nests. Scientists have found that desert ants like the Cataglyphis velox use a combination of memory techniques for navigation, including recalling routes, remembering tasks, and checking the sun's position. Experiments disorienting the ants' sense of the sun's movement caused them to travel in the wrong direction, showing they rely on celestial cues in addition to path recall and task memory. The complex navigation abilities of ants suggest their cognitive skills may be more advanced than previously believed.
This document discusses important nematodes that infect humans. It summarizes the life cycles of 5 nematodes: Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Necator americanus, Trichinella spiralis, and filarial worms. It notes that Ascaris lumbricoides lives in the small intestine and has a indirect life cycle involving the lungs. Enterobius vermicularis is a common pinworm that lives in the large intestine. Necator americanus is a hookworm found in the southern US that lives in the small intestine. Trichinella spiralis encysts in skeletal muscle and can infect humans who eat undercooked pork. Filar
The Blue Dart Frog lives in Central and South America and some Hawaiian islands. They are brightly colored blue with black spots to warn predators they are poisonous. The female frog lays eggs on land which the male fertilizes and guards; tadpoles then wiggle onto the female's back to be carried to water, where they develop over 6-8 weeks before living on land as frogs. Blue Dart Frogs help the environment by eating insects but are threatened by habitat loss and use of their poison.
This document provides information about cockroaches and disease-carrying true bugs. It discusses the biology and life cycles of common cockroach species and their medical importance, describing how they can transmit pathogens and cause allergies. Details are given on identifying features and control methods for major bug types, including bed bugs and kissing bugs that transmit Chagas disease. The kissing bugs section focuses on the Triatoma genus, their role as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, and epidemiology of Chagas disease in the Americas.
The document outlines the life cycle of a mosquito, including the stages of egg, larvae, pupa, and adult mosquito. It also discusses the different types of mosquitoes such as Aedes and Culex, as well as the parts that make up a mosquito. The presentation concludes with an overview of the complete life cycle.
A TREAT FOR MOSQUITOES ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES CBSE-VBIOLOGY TEACHER
Mosquitoes are small, midge-like flies. Females of most species are ectoparasites, whose tube-like mouth parts pierce the hosts' skin to consume blood. The word "mosquito" is Spanish for "little fly".
Mosquitoes have six legs. They also have a head, thorax and abdomen. Mosquitoes can't fly very far or very fast. The Anophelesis a malaria carrier, and the other two are known to spread various forms of encephalitis. Only female mosquitoes bite and suck the blood.
This presentation explains in detail the World's Deadliest animal...THE MOSQUITO...!!!!
(Public health aspects of this arthropod is discussed in detail)
Objectives:
To morphologically Identify mosquito species (In India)
To elaborate the Life Cycle of mosquito
To know the unique features (Habits) of each mosquito
To understand their role in disease transmission and the Diseases transmitted
To identify and differentiate eggs of various mosquito
To learn about mosquito control measures
1) The poison dart frog is a small, brightly colored frog found in Central and South America.
2) Their vibrant colors ranging from black and green to red and blue serve as a warning sign of their toxicity, with their skin secretions containing powerful poisons.
3) They live in tropical rainforests and freshwater habitats, where males defend their territories and eggs.
Ants have tiny brains but are able to navigate long distances to and from their nests. Scientists have found that desert ants like the Cataglyphis velox use a combination of memory techniques for navigation, including recalling routes, remembering tasks, and checking the sun's position. Experiments disorienting the ants' sense of the sun's movement caused them to travel in the wrong direction, showing they rely on celestial cues in addition to path recall and task memory. The complex navigation abilities of ants suggest their cognitive skills may be more advanced than previously believed.
This document discusses important nematodes that infect humans. It summarizes the life cycles of 5 nematodes: Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Necator americanus, Trichinella spiralis, and filarial worms. It notes that Ascaris lumbricoides lives in the small intestine and has a indirect life cycle involving the lungs. Enterobius vermicularis is a common pinworm that lives in the large intestine. Necator americanus is a hookworm found in the southern US that lives in the small intestine. Trichinella spiralis encysts in skeletal muscle and can infect humans who eat undercooked pork. Filar
The Blue Dart Frog lives in Central and South America and some Hawaiian islands. They are brightly colored blue with black spots to warn predators they are poisonous. The female frog lays eggs on land which the male fertilizes and guards; tadpoles then wiggle onto the female's back to be carried to water, where they develop over 6-8 weeks before living on land as frogs. Blue Dart Frogs help the environment by eating insects but are threatened by habitat loss and use of their poison.
This document provides information about cockroaches and disease-carrying true bugs. It discusses the biology and life cycles of common cockroach species and their medical importance, describing how they can transmit pathogens and cause allergies. Details are given on identifying features and control methods for major bug types, including bed bugs and kissing bugs that transmit Chagas disease. The kissing bugs section focuses on the Triatoma genus, their role as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, and epidemiology of Chagas disease in the Americas.
The document outlines the life cycle of a mosquito, including the stages of egg, larvae, pupa, and adult mosquito. It also discusses the different types of mosquitoes such as Aedes and Culex, as well as the parts that make up a mosquito. The presentation concludes with an overview of the complete life cycle.
A TREAT FOR MOSQUITOES ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES CBSE-VBIOLOGY TEACHER
Mosquitoes are small, midge-like flies. Females of most species are ectoparasites, whose tube-like mouth parts pierce the hosts' skin to consume blood. The word "mosquito" is Spanish for "little fly".
Mosquitoes have six legs. They also have a head, thorax and abdomen. Mosquitoes can't fly very far or very fast. The Anophelesis a malaria carrier, and the other two are known to spread various forms of encephalitis. Only female mosquitoes bite and suck the blood.
This presentation explains in detail the World's Deadliest animal...THE MOSQUITO...!!!!
(Public health aspects of this arthropod is discussed in detail)
Objectives:
To morphologically Identify mosquito species (In India)
To elaborate the Life Cycle of mosquito
To know the unique features (Habits) of each mosquito
To understand their role in disease transmission and the Diseases transmitted
To identify and differentiate eggs of various mosquito
To learn about mosquito control measures
1) The poison dart frog is a small, brightly colored frog found in Central and South America.
2) Their vibrant colors ranging from black and green to red and blue serve as a warning sign of their toxicity, with their skin secretions containing powerful poisons.
3) They live in tropical rainforests and freshwater habitats, where males defend their territories and eggs.
Cockroaches are one of the oldest living insects, with fossils dating back 350 million years. There are over 4,000 species worldwide, with about 50-60 species found in the United States. The three most common species that live in homes are the German, Oriental, and American cockroaches. Cockroaches can survive for weeks without food and are hardy insects that reproduce quickly. Proper sanitation and pest control are needed to prevent cockroach infestations.
Poison dart frogs are small, brightly colored frogs that live in tropical rainforests. They eat small insects and spiders and have poisonous skin that was traditionally used by natives on blow darts. Their colorful skin acts as a warning to predators.
Crows are one of the most intelligent bird species according to bird watching guides. Researchers are exploring algorithms to quantify the experience levels of citizen scientists who contribute data. Groups of crows harassing ravens may be more noticeable than single crows, but the current data set cannot evaluate this potential bias. Crows roost in treetops at the end of the day, traveling from up to 20 miles away to congregate. They eat a variety of foods including mammals, insects, and small birds.
Poison dart frogs are small frogs found in South American rainforests. They come in many bright colors and produce toxic skin secretions as a defense mechanism. Poison dart frogs live in the warm, humid rainforest and feed on small insects like fruit flies. Females lay eggs under large leaves where males fertilize them, and the tadpoles later hatch.
Poison dart frogs are small, brightly colored frogs found in tropical rainforests in Central and South America. They have toxic skin that warns predators to stay away. The frogs lay eggs under leaves or in holes, and the male guards them until they hatch into tadpoles. The mother then carries the tadpoles on her back to bromeliads where she deposits each one, and the parents care for the tadpoles until they mature. Poison dart frogs eat small insects and get their energy from food and sunlight. They face threats from pollution, logging, and snakes that are immune to their poison.
The strawberry poison dart frog lives in rainforests of Central and South America. They are small, brightly colored frogs that secrete powerful toxins through their skin. Males care for eggs and transport tadpoles to water-filled plants. The frogs eat small insects and ants that contain toxins which are excreted in their skin to ward off predators. Their bright colors signal their toxicity. Deforestation is a threat to their habitat.
This document provides an overview of a master gardener training session on introductory entomology. It includes sections on basic insect anatomy, common insect orders like beetles, true bugs, flies and butterflies/moths. It discusses how insects interact with plants through herbivory, gall formation, mining and sap sucking. The document also covers insect metamorphosis and taxonomy. It introduces both pest insects and beneficial insects, emphasizing the importance of habitat and conservation biocontrol. Breakout sessions covered identifying plant damage and beneficial insects.
Parasites are classified according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and belong to a Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. Parasite transmission can occur through soil, snails, arthropods, food/animals, contact, or air. The epidemiology of parasitic infections examines incidence, prevalence, intensity of infection, morbidity, and mortality.
Understanding Mosquitos- Lawn Care
There are over 3,000 different species of mosquitoes throughout the world; currently 176species are recognized in the United States, roughly 50 species of mosquitoes in our region and at least 28 bite humans.
Termites live in complex colonies found in regions around the world. They communicate chemically through pheromones and live in castes that work cooperatively. The colonies contain a king and queen that lay eggs, supplementary royalty, wingless workers that build and maintain the nest, soldiers that defend the colony, and proboscideans that have elongated heads. Termites digest wood and plant material with the help of symbiotic protozoa.
The document discusses the origin and definition of entomology. It is the study of arthropods including insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. Medical entomology focuses on arthropods that affect human and animal health, many acting as vectors that transmit pathogens. Examples of major vector groups are discussed like mosquitoes, flies, bugs, ticks and mites. Life cycles and modes of transmission of vector-borne diseases are described. The roles of arthropods as disease vectors and causes of injury are highlighted. Control methods for arthropods including environmental, chemical, biological and genetic approaches are briefly outlined.
The document discusses the hobo spider, which is a European spider species that is not found in California. While it was once thought that the hobo spider could cause necrotic wounds like the brown recluse spider, research has not found evidence that the hobo spider's venom is dangerous to humans. Reports of hobo spider bites in areas where it does not live are likely misidentifications of common native funnel-weaving spiders that do not pose a threat. The document provides details on identifying spiders and explains that only an expert can reliably identify spider species.
This document discusses the myth of brown recluse spiders being present in California. It summarizes evidence from experts that no established populations of brown recluse exist in the state, though isolated individuals may occasionally be transported in. The myth is perpetuated by sensationalized media stories and public fear, despite a lack of scientific proof. Many spiders submitted by the public for identification that are believed to be brown recluses turn out to be other, harmless species.
An Insect-less Earth: Gauging The PossibilitiesYespestpros
1) An entomology professor believes that if insects were to disappear, the world would "fall apart" as insects pollinate about 80% of the world's plants and are essential for food chains.
2) Without insect pollinators, there would be little plant life and a collapse of food supplies for animals and humans, who get 50-90% of their diet from plants.
3) Insects also break down decaying material, so their absence would lead to piles of rotting waste degrading soils and making the world uninhabitable for plants. The global ecosystem would cease to function without insects.
Roundworms, also called nematodes, are parasitic worms that infect the digestive tract of humans. They have tube-like bodies with an inner and outer tube separated by fluid. Many roundworms are free-living and carnivorous, using mouthparts and spines to hunt small animals. They lack circulatory systems and rely on diffusion. Roundworms can transmit through soil or host chemicals and cause diseases like elephantiasis and blindness in humans.
The document discusses the structure, behavior, life cycle, and classification of the adult female Anopheles mosquito. It notes that mosquitoes can fly up to 1.5 mph, females drink blood to obtain proteins for egg production while transmitting diseases, and have a straw-like proboscis. The document also outlines the mosquito's life cycle from egg to larva to pupa to adult, and their role as a carrier of diseases like malaria, yellow fever, and West Nile virus between animal hosts.
Ticks are small arachnids that feed on the blood of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. They have a fused cephalothorax and abdomen that provides support and protection. Ticks use their capitulum, chelicerae, and hypostome to pierce the host's skin and feed on blood. They can be found worldwide in humid environments and transmit dangerous diseases like Lyme disease. Ticks have four life stages - egg, larva, nymph, and adult - and reproduce sexually either on or off the host.
I was assigned a project in school to pick a "perplexing question" from a list of 20(things like Is there a real Dracula?, and Do fish drink water?), answer it, then present the answer to the class in a creative way. I chose "Can it really rain frogs?" and decided to make a powerpoint about it.
Murder hornets have now entered the U.S.DaglyAngola
An invasive insect known as the murder hornet, which is over an inch long and can kill humans with its sting, has been spotted in the United States for the first time. Murder hornets prey on honeybee hives, decapitating the bees and destroying hives within hours. While they don't typically attack humans, their sting is extremely painful and can be lethal if multiple stings occur. Scientists are tracking the hornets and setting traps in hopes of preventing harm to humans and bee populations in the U.S.
A new study suggests that some mosquitoes that transmit diseases like dengue and yellow fever evolved to prefer human body odor after originally biting animals. Researchers examined genes in mosquitoes in Kenya and found that human-loving mosquitoes are attracted to human scent. One odor receptor gene called Or4 was particularly linked to this attraction to humans. The study suggests these mosquitoes acquired a preference for human body odor that helped them specialize in biting humans.
The document describes 7 invasive alien species that have caused harm in their introduced environments due to human activity. It provides details on the Killer Algae (Caulerpa taxifolia) accidentally released into the Mediterranean, the Nile Perch introduced to Lake Victoria causing extinction of native fish, the Africanized Killer Bee which competes with native bee species, the Giant Hogweed ornamental plant that causes skin inflammation, the Cane Toad introduced in attempts to control pests but now threatens native wildlife, the destructive Formosan Subterranean Termite, and the Common Starling released in New York which now numbers over 200 million and competes with other birds.
Scientist should not bring back extinct species. While some argue it could help the environment by supporting other species, scientists already have endangered species like elephants, tigers and rhinos that require focus. Resources would be better spent preventing existing species from going extinct rather than reviving extinct ones, as many species are at risk of disappearing by 2020. De-extinct species may not adapt well to changed habitats and ecosystems, and could become invasive. Money spent on de-extinction would be better used conserving species currently threatened with extinction.
Cockroaches are one of the oldest living insects, with fossils dating back 350 million years. There are over 4,000 species worldwide, with about 50-60 species found in the United States. The three most common species that live in homes are the German, Oriental, and American cockroaches. Cockroaches can survive for weeks without food and are hardy insects that reproduce quickly. Proper sanitation and pest control are needed to prevent cockroach infestations.
Poison dart frogs are small, brightly colored frogs that live in tropical rainforests. They eat small insects and spiders and have poisonous skin that was traditionally used by natives on blow darts. Their colorful skin acts as a warning to predators.
Crows are one of the most intelligent bird species according to bird watching guides. Researchers are exploring algorithms to quantify the experience levels of citizen scientists who contribute data. Groups of crows harassing ravens may be more noticeable than single crows, but the current data set cannot evaluate this potential bias. Crows roost in treetops at the end of the day, traveling from up to 20 miles away to congregate. They eat a variety of foods including mammals, insects, and small birds.
Poison dart frogs are small frogs found in South American rainforests. They come in many bright colors and produce toxic skin secretions as a defense mechanism. Poison dart frogs live in the warm, humid rainforest and feed on small insects like fruit flies. Females lay eggs under large leaves where males fertilize them, and the tadpoles later hatch.
Poison dart frogs are small, brightly colored frogs found in tropical rainforests in Central and South America. They have toxic skin that warns predators to stay away. The frogs lay eggs under leaves or in holes, and the male guards them until they hatch into tadpoles. The mother then carries the tadpoles on her back to bromeliads where she deposits each one, and the parents care for the tadpoles until they mature. Poison dart frogs eat small insects and get their energy from food and sunlight. They face threats from pollution, logging, and snakes that are immune to their poison.
The strawberry poison dart frog lives in rainforests of Central and South America. They are small, brightly colored frogs that secrete powerful toxins through their skin. Males care for eggs and transport tadpoles to water-filled plants. The frogs eat small insects and ants that contain toxins which are excreted in their skin to ward off predators. Their bright colors signal their toxicity. Deforestation is a threat to their habitat.
This document provides an overview of a master gardener training session on introductory entomology. It includes sections on basic insect anatomy, common insect orders like beetles, true bugs, flies and butterflies/moths. It discusses how insects interact with plants through herbivory, gall formation, mining and sap sucking. The document also covers insect metamorphosis and taxonomy. It introduces both pest insects and beneficial insects, emphasizing the importance of habitat and conservation biocontrol. Breakout sessions covered identifying plant damage and beneficial insects.
Parasites are classified according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and belong to a Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. Parasite transmission can occur through soil, snails, arthropods, food/animals, contact, or air. The epidemiology of parasitic infections examines incidence, prevalence, intensity of infection, morbidity, and mortality.
Understanding Mosquitos- Lawn Care
There are over 3,000 different species of mosquitoes throughout the world; currently 176species are recognized in the United States, roughly 50 species of mosquitoes in our region and at least 28 bite humans.
Termites live in complex colonies found in regions around the world. They communicate chemically through pheromones and live in castes that work cooperatively. The colonies contain a king and queen that lay eggs, supplementary royalty, wingless workers that build and maintain the nest, soldiers that defend the colony, and proboscideans that have elongated heads. Termites digest wood and plant material with the help of symbiotic protozoa.
The document discusses the origin and definition of entomology. It is the study of arthropods including insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. Medical entomology focuses on arthropods that affect human and animal health, many acting as vectors that transmit pathogens. Examples of major vector groups are discussed like mosquitoes, flies, bugs, ticks and mites. Life cycles and modes of transmission of vector-borne diseases are described. The roles of arthropods as disease vectors and causes of injury are highlighted. Control methods for arthropods including environmental, chemical, biological and genetic approaches are briefly outlined.
The document discusses the hobo spider, which is a European spider species that is not found in California. While it was once thought that the hobo spider could cause necrotic wounds like the brown recluse spider, research has not found evidence that the hobo spider's venom is dangerous to humans. Reports of hobo spider bites in areas where it does not live are likely misidentifications of common native funnel-weaving spiders that do not pose a threat. The document provides details on identifying spiders and explains that only an expert can reliably identify spider species.
This document discusses the myth of brown recluse spiders being present in California. It summarizes evidence from experts that no established populations of brown recluse exist in the state, though isolated individuals may occasionally be transported in. The myth is perpetuated by sensationalized media stories and public fear, despite a lack of scientific proof. Many spiders submitted by the public for identification that are believed to be brown recluses turn out to be other, harmless species.
An Insect-less Earth: Gauging The PossibilitiesYespestpros
1) An entomology professor believes that if insects were to disappear, the world would "fall apart" as insects pollinate about 80% of the world's plants and are essential for food chains.
2) Without insect pollinators, there would be little plant life and a collapse of food supplies for animals and humans, who get 50-90% of their diet from plants.
3) Insects also break down decaying material, so their absence would lead to piles of rotting waste degrading soils and making the world uninhabitable for plants. The global ecosystem would cease to function without insects.
Roundworms, also called nematodes, are parasitic worms that infect the digestive tract of humans. They have tube-like bodies with an inner and outer tube separated by fluid. Many roundworms are free-living and carnivorous, using mouthparts and spines to hunt small animals. They lack circulatory systems and rely on diffusion. Roundworms can transmit through soil or host chemicals and cause diseases like elephantiasis and blindness in humans.
The document discusses the structure, behavior, life cycle, and classification of the adult female Anopheles mosquito. It notes that mosquitoes can fly up to 1.5 mph, females drink blood to obtain proteins for egg production while transmitting diseases, and have a straw-like proboscis. The document also outlines the mosquito's life cycle from egg to larva to pupa to adult, and their role as a carrier of diseases like malaria, yellow fever, and West Nile virus between animal hosts.
Ticks are small arachnids that feed on the blood of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. They have a fused cephalothorax and abdomen that provides support and protection. Ticks use their capitulum, chelicerae, and hypostome to pierce the host's skin and feed on blood. They can be found worldwide in humid environments and transmit dangerous diseases like Lyme disease. Ticks have four life stages - egg, larva, nymph, and adult - and reproduce sexually either on or off the host.
I was assigned a project in school to pick a "perplexing question" from a list of 20(things like Is there a real Dracula?, and Do fish drink water?), answer it, then present the answer to the class in a creative way. I chose "Can it really rain frogs?" and decided to make a powerpoint about it.
Murder hornets have now entered the U.S.DaglyAngola
An invasive insect known as the murder hornet, which is over an inch long and can kill humans with its sting, has been spotted in the United States for the first time. Murder hornets prey on honeybee hives, decapitating the bees and destroying hives within hours. While they don't typically attack humans, their sting is extremely painful and can be lethal if multiple stings occur. Scientists are tracking the hornets and setting traps in hopes of preventing harm to humans and bee populations in the U.S.
A new study suggests that some mosquitoes that transmit diseases like dengue and yellow fever evolved to prefer human body odor after originally biting animals. Researchers examined genes in mosquitoes in Kenya and found that human-loving mosquitoes are attracted to human scent. One odor receptor gene called Or4 was particularly linked to this attraction to humans. The study suggests these mosquitoes acquired a preference for human body odor that helped them specialize in biting humans.
The document describes 7 invasive alien species that have caused harm in their introduced environments due to human activity. It provides details on the Killer Algae (Caulerpa taxifolia) accidentally released into the Mediterranean, the Nile Perch introduced to Lake Victoria causing extinction of native fish, the Africanized Killer Bee which competes with native bee species, the Giant Hogweed ornamental plant that causes skin inflammation, the Cane Toad introduced in attempts to control pests but now threatens native wildlife, the destructive Formosan Subterranean Termite, and the Common Starling released in New York which now numbers over 200 million and competes with other birds.
Scientist should not bring back extinct species. While some argue it could help the environment by supporting other species, scientists already have endangered species like elephants, tigers and rhinos that require focus. Resources would be better spent preventing existing species from going extinct rather than reviving extinct ones, as many species are at risk of disappearing by 2020. De-extinct species may not adapt well to changed habitats and ecosystems, and could become invasive. Money spent on de-extinction would be better used conserving species currently threatened with extinction.
Fighting Global Disease and Degradation of Health Caused by Mosquitoes throug...ESD UNU-IAS
Fighting Global Disease and Degradation of Health Caused by Mosquitoes through Citizen Science
Case Study Presentation
Mr. Garry Harris, RCE Greater Atlanta
8th Americas Regional Meeting
23-25 September, 2019, Burlington, USA
This presentation was my Senior Biology Major Capstone and was given along with a written paper. The presentation discusses three scientific papers following the ebola virus from fruit bats to carriers such as gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans.
This document summarizes information about sustainable fire ant management techniques. It discusses the release of fire ant-decapitating phorid flies in several southern states to control fire ant populations. It also discusses experimental releases of a protozoan disease to infect and kill fire ant queens. A number of least-toxic fire ant baits and other control methods such as hot water and traps are also mentioned.
In groups, start with a brainstorming session on what you know and do.pdfbermanbeancolungak45
In groups, start with a brainstorming session on what you know and don\'t know about
mosquitoes in general. The class will compare lists to see how much collective information we
can gather. Include, specifically, these questions in your brainstorming: Why were the
researchers planning to use only female mosquitoes? Why do female mosquitoes bite for a blood
\"meal\" in the first place? What do male and female mosquitoes live on as their main nutrient
source (if only females take blood meals)? Continuing in your groups, work on the following:
Based on the information above, write a plausible hypothesis that describes a possible
mechanism to explain the differences between the forest and domestic forms in terms of their
specific preferences for humans Based on your hypothesis, write one or more specific
predictions that you could experimentally test. Draw a cartoon of a specific experiment you
would want to design to test your predictions. During the lab meeting described in Part I of this
case study. Carolyn brought up the concept of \"what makes a species one species.\" The most
common way that scientists define species is called the \'biological species concept\" (BSC).
Define the BSC What are the criteria used in the BSC in define a species?
Solution
Blood-feeding as a behavioural adaptation is exceedingly rare in insects. Of the 1-10 million
insect species on earth, only ~10,000 feed on the blood of live animals. Among these, only about
100 species blood-feed preferentially on humans. When biting insects evolve to prefer humans,
they can spread diseases such as malaria and dengue fever with devastating efficiency. The
mosquito Aedes aegypti provides one of the best examples of specialization on humans. It
originated as a wild, animal-biting species in the forested areas of sub-Saharan Africa, where the
subspecies Ae. aegypti formosus is still often found living in forests and biting non-human
animals today. The derived non-African subspecies Ae. aegypti aegypti, in contrast, has evolved
to specialise in biting humans and thus has become the major worldwide vector of dengue and
yellow fevers.
The evolutionary adaptations that help subspecies aegypti exploit humans are most clearly seen
where it has been reintroduced along the coast of East Africa and is known as the ‘domestic’
form. Researchers investigating the outbreak of an unknown illness in Tanganyika in 1952
discovered homes heavily populated by brown-pigmented ‘domestic’ mosquitoes. Subsequent
work in the Rabai region of Kenya in the 1960s and 1970s showed that domestic mosquitoes
readily entered homes, preferred to lay eggs in nutrient-poor river and rain water stored in
containers indoors, were resistant to starvation as larvae, and had evolved a strong preference for
biting humans. Black-pigmented populations of the native African subspecies formosus, known
in Rabai as the ‘forest’ form, were found just hundreds of meters away avoiding homes, laying
their eggs in tree holes and ro.
The red imported fire ant was introduced to southern California in 1998 and has since spread rapidly. It is an aggressive invasive pest that differs from native ant species in its reddish-brown coloration, 3 clypeal teeth, and tendency to form dome-shaped mounds. Its sting is painful and can cause allergic reactions. Red imported fire ants feed on other insects and animals, and their nests can damage plants, lawns and structures. Residents are advised to contact their local agricultural authorities for identification and treatment assistance to manage this quarantined pest.
The document discusses biodiversity and provides examples of species that have gone extinct. It estimates that based on fossil records, one species may naturally go extinct every 100 years, but since 1600 over 100 bird species have gone extinct, which is 100 times the natural background rate. Habitat loss and degradation are the primary threats causing current biodiversity decline and endangerment of many species.
1. The document discusses various insect and vector-borne diseases, including their signs and symptoms as well as the insects that transmit them. Typhus, plague, malaria, dengue and yellow fever are discussed alongside their vector insects like body lice, fleas, mosquitoes and ticks.
2. Cockroaches are described as carriers of diseases like salmonella and triggers of allergies. Bed bugs cause itchy welts but don't transmit disease.
3. Various mosquito genera like Culex, Aedes and Anopheles transmit diseases. Anopheles culicifacies is an important malaria vector in India.
This document summarizes several arthropod vectors of human and animal pathogens. It discusses the pubic louse, bed bug, kissing bugs, fleas, mosquitoes, black flies, deer flies and horse flies. Key vectors mentioned include the oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) for plague, Culex mosquitoes for filariasis, Aedes aegypti for yellow fever and dengue, and Anopheles mosquitoes for malaria. Control of vectors focuses on sanitation, removal of breeding sites, and use of insecticides.
Similar to Top Deadliest insects in the world (11)
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
3. Tsetse Fly
Image credit wikimedia
tsetse fly (genus Glossina), any member of a genus of bloodsucking
flies in the housefly family, Muscidae (order Diptera), that occur only
in Africa and transmit sleeping sickness in humans. They also
transmit a similar disease called nagana in domestic animals. Tsetse
flies have mandibles modified into bladelike structures used to
pierce skin. They readily feed on the blood of humans, domestic
animals, and wild game. The widespread presence of the tsetse has
inhibited human settlement and agriculture in large areas of sub-Saharan Africa.
All 21 tsetse species are similar in appearance. They are robust, sparsely bristled flies that are
usually larger than their relative, the housefly. They range from 6 to 16 mm (0.2 to 0.6 inch) in
length. Tsetses are rather drab in appearance, with colour varying from yellowish brown to dark
brown, and with a gray thorax that often has dark markings. The abdomen may be banded. The
stiff, piercing mouthparts, directed downward as the fly bites, are held horizontally at other
times. While resting, the wings are held flat over the back. A bristlelike appendage (arista) on
each antenna bears one row of long, branched hairs, differentiating the tsetse fly from all
other flies.
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5. Fleas
Image credit mybugbites
Cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis, are the most common
ectoparasite on domestic cats and dogs (Figure 1). Dog fleas, C.
canis,look like cat fleas but are rare in California. Sticktight
fleas, Echidnophaga gallinacea, are commonly found on ground
squirrels and poultry; the females firmly attach themselves
along the ears and eyes of their host (Figure 2). They can
become a problem with pets that roam. The ground squirrel flea,
Oropsylla montana, is found on ground squirrels and is the vector of
sylvatic plague in California. However, fleas on cats or dogs in California most likely are cat fleas.
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7. Kissing Bug
Image credit azcentral
A new study shows that more than 40 percent of "kissing bugs" collected
by researchers in Tucson carry a parasite that can cause a disease that
kills tens of thousands of people a year in Central and South America.
But while the number of bugs hosting the single-cell parasite that causes
Chagas disease is much higher in the southern Arizona city than earlier
thought, no human infections have been traced to bites that occurred in
the state.
That may mean doctors are not looking for a disease that is rare in the
U.S. But it is more likely that the triatomine insects don't act the same way as their cousins to
the south, or that the disease is a different strain, said Carolina Reisenman, a University of
Arizona research biologist. She co-authored the study, which is to be published in the March
edition of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention journal Emerging Infectious Diseases.
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8. 2 |
Image credit USGS Bee Inventory and Monitoring Lab via flickr
Mosquito
9. Mosquito
Image credited John Tann via flickr
Image credited mosquitoes
There are over 2500 different species of mosquitoes
throughout the world of which 150 species occur in the
United States. 52 species occur in California, and 19 species
occur in Alameda County. In the course of the District's
operation about 10 species are commonly found in the
County. Eight of the species account for over 99% of
complaints from the public.
Each of the species has a scientific name that is latin, such
as Culex tarsalis. These names are used in a descriptive
manner so that the name tells something about this particular
mosquito. Some species have what is called "common names“
as well as scientific names, such as Anopheles freeborni, the
"Western malaria mosquito".
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10. 1 | Asian Giant Hornet
Image Credited wikimedia
13. Asian Giant Hornet
Image credited shanghaiexpat
At least 19 people have been stung to death by hornets –
which may include the world's largest hornet species Vespa
mandarinia -- in China's central Shaanxi province in the
last three months, according to the city government of
Ankang, the apparent epicenter of a recent spate of
fatalities and injuries.
A total of 583 people in the area have been stung by hornets
since July 1, say city officials. Seventy victims are still recovering in hospitals.
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