This document provides a summary of 14 public relations insights and research studies from 2019 as compiled by the Institute for Public Relations Board of Trustees. Some of the key findings included:
1) A majority of Americans said "made-up news" is a critical problem and expect it to worsen, and most think the news media should do more to address it.
2) Deepfake videos and domestic disinformation are predicted to play a role in the 2020 US election, and social media companies should prepare by detecting and removing such content.
3) Providing more relevant counterarguments to disinformation leads to reduced belief in the disinformation.
4) Most Americans think social media companies have too much control over
Ned’s Job of the Week (JOTW) newsletter and Sword and the Script Media conducted the third annual JOTW Communications Survey for 2020 to understand trends in the field of communications. The survey examines trends in communications, public relations (PR), public affairs, marketing communications and related fields. It covers important topics including: the effects of partisan politics on communications; top challenges facing communicators, the state of media relations, media bias, PR ethics, PR firms, top tactics in PR and communications, PR measurement, PR technology, employment and organizational structure of the in-house communications department. A total of 300 professionals took the survey: 95% of respondents are based in the U.S.; 92% report having 11 or more years of experience; 52% of respondents are in-house communicators (corporate communications); and respondents come from more than a dozen different industries. Detailed demographics are included at the end.
The News Media Alliance hosted its inaugural trustXchange event on June 13, 2018. The event featured presentations by panelists who are key innovators working on understanding trust in news and news outlets. The goal of trustXchange is to put the information directly in the hands of people who can use it, and to create connections between researchers and newsroom leaders, so the right partnerships can be forged to keep the work going. The trustXchange briefing book includes information on every speaker/panelist’s research that they have conducted, including their biographical information, a short description of their trust research and/or program, links to view additional details and how to follow-up with them via email.
This deck was prepared for a workshop session with NHS comms directors hosted by NHS Providers in London on 25 January, 2018.
If there’s anything that I can do in my role at Ketchum to help your organisation address any of the issues highlighted, please let me know.
Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide and Georgetown University’s Center for Social Impact Communication developed this study with the objectives of showcasing trends in cause involvement and evaluating the role of a variety of activities in fostering engagement. An online survey was conducted by TNS Global among a nationally representative sample of 2,000 Americans ages 18 and over. The survey was fielded November 30 to December 22, 2010, and has a margin of error of +/-2.2% at the 95% confidence level.
The Digital and Social Media Revolution in Public AffairsMSL
Unlike political campaigns, which were early adopters, the public policy arena has been one of the last bastions to fully embrace digital tools and social networks.
To gauge the integration and perceived impact of digital tools and how constituents and interest groups interact with EU and U.S. policymakers, MSLGROUP surveyed a large, diverse and active group of corporations, trade associations, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), local public bodies and think tanks in and around Brussels and Washington, D.C. in 2015.
The study shows quite clearly that there are tremendous opportunities to expand and enhance the use of social and digital communications in policymaking. We hope this research will inform communication and advocacy strategies to strengthen dialogues between stakeholders and policymakers.
Ned’s Job of the Week (JOTW) newsletter and Sword and the Script Media conducted the third annual JOTW Communications Survey for 2020 to understand trends in the field of communications. The survey examines trends in communications, public relations (PR), public affairs, marketing communications and related fields. It covers important topics including: the effects of partisan politics on communications; top challenges facing communicators, the state of media relations, media bias, PR ethics, PR firms, top tactics in PR and communications, PR measurement, PR technology, employment and organizational structure of the in-house communications department. A total of 300 professionals took the survey: 95% of respondents are based in the U.S.; 92% report having 11 or more years of experience; 52% of respondents are in-house communicators (corporate communications); and respondents come from more than a dozen different industries. Detailed demographics are included at the end.
The News Media Alliance hosted its inaugural trustXchange event on June 13, 2018. The event featured presentations by panelists who are key innovators working on understanding trust in news and news outlets. The goal of trustXchange is to put the information directly in the hands of people who can use it, and to create connections between researchers and newsroom leaders, so the right partnerships can be forged to keep the work going. The trustXchange briefing book includes information on every speaker/panelist’s research that they have conducted, including their biographical information, a short description of their trust research and/or program, links to view additional details and how to follow-up with them via email.
This deck was prepared for a workshop session with NHS comms directors hosted by NHS Providers in London on 25 January, 2018.
If there’s anything that I can do in my role at Ketchum to help your organisation address any of the issues highlighted, please let me know.
Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide and Georgetown University’s Center for Social Impact Communication developed this study with the objectives of showcasing trends in cause involvement and evaluating the role of a variety of activities in fostering engagement. An online survey was conducted by TNS Global among a nationally representative sample of 2,000 Americans ages 18 and over. The survey was fielded November 30 to December 22, 2010, and has a margin of error of +/-2.2% at the 95% confidence level.
The Digital and Social Media Revolution in Public AffairsMSL
Unlike political campaigns, which were early adopters, the public policy arena has been one of the last bastions to fully embrace digital tools and social networks.
To gauge the integration and perceived impact of digital tools and how constituents and interest groups interact with EU and U.S. policymakers, MSLGROUP surveyed a large, diverse and active group of corporations, trade associations, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), local public bodies and think tanks in and around Brussels and Washington, D.C. in 2015.
The study shows quite clearly that there are tremendous opportunities to expand and enhance the use of social and digital communications in policymaking. We hope this research will inform communication and advocacy strategies to strengthen dialogues between stakeholders and policymakers.
The 5th Annual JOTW Strategic Communications Survey for 2022Frank Strong
5th annual survey of 483 professionals working in communications, public relations and public affairs.
This survey was a joint effort between Ned’s Job of the Week (JOTW) and Sword and the Script Media, LLC. Subscribers to both organizations were solicited to take the survey through mentions in the weekly newsletter, dedicated email requests and social media. Gini Dietrich and Karen Swim also solicited respondents from their respective communities at Spin Sucks and Solo PR Pro.
In total 483 respondents took the survey online, using Survey Monkey, from Friday, May 6, 2022, until June 14, 2022.
Survey takers were incentivized to take the survey with an offer to be entered for a chance to win one of three gift cards ($100, $50 and $25).
How Do OECD Forum Attendees Compare with Citizens Around the World on Views A...Pew Research Center
At the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s annual forum on Dec. 15, 2020, Director of Global Attitudes Research Richard Wike presented the results of an invitation-only poll of forum attendees about the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts, the state of the global economy, the future of work, and cooperation between countries. The presentation compared the poll's results to findings from Pew Research Center surveys of general publics around the world.
IAMAI Factly Report: People below age 20 or above 50 more susceptible to fake...Social Samosa
An extensive survey based study titled, ‘Countering Misinformation (Fake News) in India’ by Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) and Factly has found that people below the age of 20 or those above the age of 50 are most susceptible to be swayed by fake news.
Report #3 Changing Public Opinion Before beginning this MoseStaton39
Report #3: Changing Public Opinion
Before beginning this assignment, make certain that you have read Chapter 6 in your text (“Public Opinion
and Political Action”), the 2021 Pew Research Center Report titled “Americans See Broad Responsibilities for
Government; Little Change Since 2019” (March 17), and the 2020 article by Eli Finkel et al. from Science titled,
“Political Sectarianism in America” (October, Vol. 370, Issue 6516). Then write a brief report that contains
three separate sections that address all the points in each set of questions. Notice the expected word count
for each section (exceeding the word count will not negatively affect your grade, but please try to stay within
the range).
1. Relying on the Pew Research Center Report, briefly summarize what Americans think about the role
of the federal government in addressing various policy issues (indicate specific areas and indicate
where support is strongest and where it is weakest). Also, describe general levels of trust of and
contentment with the federal government and indicate what changes can be detected over time.
(approximately 150-200 words)
2. How do attitudes about federal government responsibilities differ by age, race, income, and
partisanship (Democrats and Republicans)? Be sure to indicate where the differences are the least and
where they are the greatest on each of these dimensions (age, race, income, and partisanship).
(approximately 150-200 words)
3. Based on your reading of “Political Sectarianism in America,” (a) summarize the article’s major
findings, (b) list and describe the three causes identified for the increase in political sectarianism, and
(c) identify and elaborate on a few of the consequences of this trend. (approximately 150-200 words)
Be careful not to plagiarize. If you want to quote directly, do so using quotation marks (giving the page number
if available). But try to do this sparingly and simply use your own words in addressing the questions.
In your writing, use an analytical tone that is free of your personal opinions. In other words, try to answer the
questions in a straightforward and objective manner.
When you are done, save the document as a Word file or as an Adobe PDF file (it cannot be Google docs, etc.)
and upload it through Moodle (these parts are very important!). Papers not uploaded by the deadline will receive
a grade penalty.
WARNING: This is an individual assignment and you are to do your own work. Use of another person’s
words without proper citation or copying from another student’s paper is considered plagiarism. All papers are
checked and retained in a plagiarism software program to identify cheating. Any suspicion of plagiarism or
other violations of the university’s academic conduct policies are turned over to the Dean of Students.
Links to the articles:
Pew Report: "Americans See Broad Responsibilities for Government"
Science: "Political Sectarianism in America"
...
The Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project and Elon University’s Imagining the Internet Center asked digital stakeholders to weigh two scenarios for 2020, select the one most likely to evolve, and elaborate on the choice. One sketched out a relatively positive future where Big Data are drawn together in ways that will improve social, political, and economic intelligence. The other expressed the view that Big Data could cause more problems than it solves between now and 2020
How Do OECD Forum Attendees Compare With General Publics Around the World on ...Pew Research Center
At the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s annual Economic Forum on May 21, 2019, Director of Global Attitudes Research Richard Wike presented findings from a Pew Research Center survey of forum attendees.
This report investigates how disinformation — defined as deliberately misleading or biased information — is spread in Canada and includes some comparisons to the U.S. It also explores the perceived breadth of reach and impact of disinformation on trust in society. The survey is based on the annual Institute for Public Relations (IPR) Disinformation in Society report conducted in the U.S. Based on the IPR study and this study, disinformation is increasingly a major problem in both countries. Therefore, understanding the power, perception, and factors that influence of disinformation in Canada is important.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Top 14 Public Relations Insights of 2019
1. THE TOP 14
PUBLIC RELATIONS
INSIGHTS OF 2019
FROM THE INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC RELATIONS BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Compiled by Olivia Kresic and Tina McCorkindale, Ph.D., APR
2. Many Americans Said Made-Up News is a Critical Problem that Needs to be Fixed
Pew Research Center
3 - Additional Resource: Disinformation and the 2020 Election: How the Social Media Industry Should Prepare, NYU Stern Center for Business and Human Rights
4 - Additional Resource: Seeing isn’t Believing: The Fact Checker’s Guide to Manipulated Video
Refutations of Equivocal Claims: No Evidence for an Ironic Effect of Counterargument Number
Ullrich Ecker, Stephan Lewandowsky, Kalpana Jayawardana, Alexander Mladenovic
Americans Are Wary of the Role Social Media Sites Play in Delivering the News
Pew Research Center
2019 State of Inclusion Survey: The bias barrier --- Allyships, inclusion, and everyday behaviors
Deloitte
Diversity & Inclusion Study 2019
Glassdoor
Employee Perceptions of CEO Ghost Posting and Voice: Effects on Perceived Authentic Leadership,
Organizational Transparency, and Organization Relationships
Tom Kelleher Ph.D., Rita Linjuan Men Ph.D., and Patrick Thelen Ph.D., University of Florida
2019 Porter Novelli/Cone Purpose Biometrics Study: Feeling Purpose
Porter Novelli and Cone
2019 Communications, Media, and Technology Risk Study
Marsh & McLennan Companies
2019 Global Communications Report: The Future of Technology in Communication
USC Annenberg Center for Public Relations
Women in the Workplace 2019
Lean In & McKinsey & Company
Employee Activism in the Age of Purpose: Employees (Up)Rising
Weber Shandwick, unitedminds, KRC Research
Civility in America 2019: Solutions for Tomorrow
Weber Shandwick, Powell Tate, KRC Research
The CCO as Pacesetter: What It Means, Why It Matters, How to Get There
Page Society
Fixing the Flawed Approach to Diversity
Boston Consulting Group
2019 IPR Research Projects and Deep Dives
2
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18-21
Thanks to our Board of Trustees, comprising
senior-level executives and academic leaders in the
field of public relations, who help us choose the
research that matters to the profession. Each year,
IPR compiles the best research of the year that
public relations professionals should know about.
One of the criteria for inclusion is the research
must also be accessible (i.e., not hidden behind a
paywall).
Because of the number of excellent research
studies published in 2019, IPR decided to add a few
more studies that we thought were relevant to the
profession. At the end of this report, is a list of the
IPR studies published in 2019.
TABLE OF CONTENTS *Pg #
INTRO
* The studies are ranked in no particular order
3. Why this research is important:
This annual survey examines American’s attitudes about business and government and
reveals that Americans lack confidence in elected government officials, major
companies, and company leadership to act with honesty and operate with high ethical
standards.
Method:
The survey and interviews were conducted online from September 12-15, 2017, with a
national sample of 2,201 adults. Results have a margin of error of +/- 2 percentage
points.
Key Findings:
• Less than half of Americans (47%) have “some trust” or “a lot of trust” that major
companies will behave ethically, and only nine percent say CEOs of major companies
have high honesty and ethical standards.
• Forty-five percent of Americans say social media shapes their opinions of
companies, and Americans ages 18 to 29 reported an even higher rate of influence at
61 percent.
• Americans are divided on whether government regulation of business is necessary
for public good (or does more harm than good).
• While more than half (61%) of Americans think major companies are providing
useful products and services, less than one-third think major companies are paying
their employees fairly (31%), protecting the environment (30%), and paying
executives fairly without overpaying them (22%).
• The majority of Trump voters (58%) and Clinton voters (59%) agree that elected
officials in Washington D.C. are dishonest and unethical
A majority of Americans said
“made-up news” is a critical
problem that is expected to
worsen in the next five years
Study Title: : Many Americans Said Made-Up News is a Critical Problem that Needs to be Fixed
Link: https://www.journalism.org/2019/06/05/many-americans-say-made-up-news-is-a-critical-problem-that-needs-to-be-fixed/
Why this research is important:
These findings reveal that Americans think made-up news is a critical issue which
damages the country’s democratic system. Respondents expect the problem to
worsen over the next five years and said the news media is most responsible for
reducing made-up news.
Method:
A survey of 6,127 U.S. adults on the Pew Research Center’s American Trends Panel
was conducted between February 19, 2019 and March 4, 2019.
Key Findings:
• Almost two-thirds (64%) of Americans said political divides in the country
present a very big challenge in addressing the problem of made-up news.
• Fifty percent of respondents said “made-up news and info is a very big problem in
the country today.”
• Sixty-eight percent of respondents think made-up news and information has a big
impact on their confidence in government, 54% said it impacts Americans’
confidence in each other, and 51% said made-up news has a big impact on political
leaders’ ability to get work done.
• A majority of U.S. adults (79%) believe steps should be taken to restrict made-up
news.
• Fifty-seven percent of respondents said political leaders and their staff create a
lot of made-up news, 53% of respondents said the same thing of activist groups.
• Americans (53%) think journalists have the greatest responsibility to reduce
made-up news, followed by the public (20%).
NUMBERONE
By: Pew Research Center, Amy Mitchell, Jeffrey Gottfried Ph.D., Galen Stocking,
Mason Walker & Sophia Fedeli
2
4. Why this research is important:
Social media can be an influential force in politics. With the upcoming 2020 election, the social media industry should prepare for the threat of
disinformation. The NYU Stern Center for Business and Human Rights compiled a list of disinformation predictions and recommendations for social
media companies ahead of the 2020 election.
Predictions for 2020 include:
• “Deepfake” videos will portray candidates saying and doing things
they never said or did.
• WhatsApp may be misused to provide a vector for false content.
• Instagram will be the vehicle of choice for people who wish to
disseminate meme-based disinformation.
• Domestic disinformation will prove more prevalent than false
content from foreign sources.
• For-profit firms based in the U.S. and abroad will be hired to
generate disinformation
• Digital voter suppression will be a main goal of partisan disinformation.
3
Deepfake videos and domestic disinformation are
among sources of disinformation likely to play a
role in the 2020 presidential election
additionalresources
The author recommends that social
media companies should:
• Detect and remove deepfake videos
• Remove probable false content in general
• Hire a senior content overseer
• Attend to Instagram’s disinformation problem
• Limit the reach of WhatsApp
• Defend against for-profit disinformation
• Back legislation regulating political ads and punishing voter suppression
• Improve industry-wide collaboration on disinformation
• Teach social media literacy in a more direct, sustained way
Deepfake videos and domestic disinformation are
among sources of disinformation likely to play a
role in the 2020 presidential election
additionalresources
By: Paul M. Barrett, NYU Stern Center
for Business and Human Rights
Study Title: Disinformation and the 2020 Election: How the Social Media Industry Should Prepare, NYU Stern Center for Business and Human Rights
Link: https://issuu.com/nyusterncenterforbusinessandhumanri/docs/nyu_election_2020_report?fr=sY2QzYzI0MjMwMA
5. 4
three ways videos are altered:
1. Missing context can be conducted through misrepresentation
(such as stating that a video taken in one location was from a different
location), and isolation (when a quote is repeated without the larger
context of the situation).
2. Deceptive editing can occur through omission (editing out large
portions from a video and presenting it as a complete narrative), or
splicing (editing together disparate videos which fundamentally alter
the story being told).
3. Malicious transformation occurs when videos are doctored (the
frames of the video are altered using cropping, speed, photoshop, etc.
to deceive the viewer), and fabricated (using AI to create high-quality
fake images, such as deepfakes). Seeing isn’t Believing: The Fact Checker’s Guide to Manipulated Video
https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/politics/fact-checker/manipulated-video-guide/.
The Washington Post Fact Checker examines the primary
ways videos are being altered, and how to use this
information to label manipulated video and hold
sharers of misinformation accountable
additionalresources
By: The Washington Post, Nadine Ajaka, Glenn Kessler, Elyse Samuels
6. Study title:
Refutations of Equivocal
Claims: No Evidence for
an Ironic Effect of
Counterargument Number
Link:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/
science/article/pii/S22113681183013
47?via%3Dihub
Why this research is important:
When it comes to misleading claims or disinformation, it can be difficult to know whether or not disinformation should
be combatted using counterarguments as a greater number of counterarguments may have a “backfire effect” where
more arguments strengthen a person’s belief in the disinformation. This research shows how counterarguments affect
belief in disinformation.
Method:
Three experiments were conducted throughout this study. The first experiment had a sample of 64 participants, and the
second experiment had a sample of 56 participants. All participants in the first and second experiments were
undergraduate students from the University of Western Australia. The third experiment had a sample of 541 United
States participants recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk.
Key Findings:
• As long as counterarguments were relevant, more counterarguments led to belief reduction.
• More relevant counterarguments led to increased belief reduction.
• The presentation of counterarguments generally reduced belief in misleading claims.
• Providing five counterarguments was more effective in reducing belief in misleading claims than providing two.
#3 Providing more counterarguments
to disinformation leads to reduced
belief in disinformation
NUMBERTWO
5
University of Western Australia: Ullrich Ecker Ph.D., Stephan Lewandowsky Ph.D., Kalpana Jayawardana, Alexander Mladenovic
7. Why this research is important:
Recently the unequal spread of information on social media platforms has been a trending topic. Americans have expressed
concern regarding the type of news content that has been spread by social media companies. This study examines the
perceptions Americans have regarding news on social media.
Method:
A survey was conducted July 8-21, 2019 among 5,107 U.S. adults who are members of Pew Research Center’s American
Trends Panel.
Key Findings:
• A majority of Americans (62%) said that social media companies have “too much control” over the news people see.
• Over half of American adults reported that social media companies’ role in what people see on their platforms results in “a
worse mix of news.”
• About eight-in-ten (82%) of respondents said social media companies treat some news organizations differently than
others, and of these respondents, 88% said social media companies favor news organizations that produce
attention-grabbing content or have a lot of social media followers (84%).
• The problems with news on social media that were perceived to be “very big problems” were one-sided news (53%) and
inaccurate news (51%).
• Getting news from social media websites is increasingly common – the percentage of U.S. adults who get news from social
media websites has increased 10% since 2016.
6
A majority of U.S. adults
think social media companies
have too much control over
the news people seeBy: Pew Research Center, Elisa Shearer and Elizabeth Grieco
NUMBERTHREE
Study Title: Americans Are Wary of the Role Social Media Sites Play in Delivering the News
Link: https://www.journalism.org/2019/10/02/americans-are-wary-of-the-role-social-media-sites-play-in-delivering-the-news/
8. Why this research is important:
This research studies how employees in the U.S. are experiencing and witnessing bias in the workplace. Over half of the
respondents reported experiencing bias in the workplace, although results show that progress is being made when it
comes to inclusivity.
Method:
This study surveyed 3,000 nationally representative U.S. adults working fulltime in organizations with more than 1,000
employees. Responses were gathered online throughout April 2019.
Key Findings:
• Organizations are making progress toward inclusivity; 77% of respondents believe that their company fosters an
inclusive workplace.
• Regardless of progress, perceived bias still exists. Nearly two-thirds (64%) of respondents felt they had experienced
bias in their workplaces throughout the past year.
• Of the percentage that said they witnessed or experienced bias, 83% categorize the bias as “indirect and subtle.”
• Of those that said they witnessed or experienced bias, 68% report that bias had a negative impact on their
productivity, 84% said bias has a negative effect on their happiness; confidence or well-being to some extent; and
70% believe bias has negatively impacted how engaged they feel at work.
5
By: Deloitte, Terri Cooper and Eliza HornStudy Title: 2019 State of Inclusion Survey: The bias barrier- Allyships, inclusion, and everyday behaviors
https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/about-deloitte/us-inclusion-survey-research-the-bias-barrier.pdf
NUMBERFOUR:
Although organizations are making
progress toward inclusivity, perceived
bias still exists in the workplace
7
9. Why this research is important:
This study provides insight into how workplace discrimination differs across the globe. Respondents in the United States reported higher
rates of experiencing discrimination than those in other countries. Findings also detail how discrimination is handled in different locations.
Method:
A survey was conducted online by The Harris Poll on behalf of Glassdoor from July 29-31, 2019 and throughout August 2019. The total
sample consisted of 5,241 adults aged 18 and older. Among the participants, 2,028 were in the U.S., 1,071 were in the U.K., 1,052 were in
France, and 1,090 were in Germany.
Key Findings:
• Employed adults in the U.S. were more likely to have experienced or witnessed discrimination based on race/age/gender/LGBTQ
status (61%) than those in the UK (55%), France (43%), and Germany (37%).
• Forty-two percent of employed adults in the U.S. have experienced or witnessed racism in the workplace; the highest percentage of
the four countries surveyed (37% in the UK, 30% in France, 24% in Germany).
• Employed adults in Germany were least likely to report witnessing or experiencing discrimination based on race/age/gender/LGBTQ
status (37% vs. 61% in the U.S., 55% in the UK, and 43% in France).
• Ageism appears to be more prevalent in the U.S. and UK — 45% of U.S. employees and 39% of UK employees have experienced or
witnessed this form of discrimination (compared to just 29% of French employees and 22% of German employees).
• Half (50%) of employed adults across the four countries believe their employer should do more to increase diversity and inclusion.
Employed adults in the U.S. are more likely to have
experienced discrimination in the workplace than
those in the U.K., France and Germany
By: Glassdoor
8
Study Title: Diversity & Inclusion Study 2019
Link: https://www.glassdoor.com/about-us//app/uploads/sites/2/2019/10/Glassdoor-Diversity-Survey-Supplement-1.pdf
I have witnessed or experienced discrimination based on age,
gender, race or LGBTQ status on the workplace
I have witnessed or experienced AGEISM IN the workplace
I have witnessed or experienced GENDER
discrimination In the workplace
All
countries
UNITED
sTATES
UNITED
KINGDOM
FRANCE GERMANY
49% 61% 55% 43% 37%
34% 45% 39% 29% 22%
33% 42% 37% 30% 24%
I have witnessed or experienced
RACISM In the workplace
30% 42% 31% 28% 21%
I have witnessed or experienced lgbtq
discrimination In the workplace
24% 33% 25% 22% 15%
10. Why this research is important:
Most CEOs engage in “ghost posting,” meaning their social media posts are written by someone else. This study
examines how the ghost-posting practice affects employees’ perceptions of the CEO’s authentic leadership,
organizational transparency, and employee-organization relationships.
Method:
An online survey was conducted on 549 employees of mid- to large-size organizations in the United States.
Key Findings:
• On average, participants agreed that CEO ghost posting is relatively common. Respondents also generally agree
that CEO ghost posting is a widespread practice that occurs in all organizations.
• CEOs who were thought to manage their own social media pages using their own voice projected a relatively more
authentic leader image among employees.
• CEO ghost posting practice showed no significant effect on employee perceptions of organizational transparency.
• CEO voice plays a more crucial role in influencing employees’ perceptions and employee-organization relationships
than CEO ghost posting.
CEOs who were perceived to
manage their own social media
projected a more authentic
image among employees
NUMBER
SIX
9
By: Tom Kelleher Ph.D., Rita Linjuan Men Ph.D.,
and Patrick Thelen Ph.D., University of Florida
By: Dr. Tom Kelleher, Dr. Rita Linjuan Men
Dr. Patrick Thelen, University of Florida
Link:
https://prjournal.instituteforpr.org/wp-content/
uploads/Ghost-Posting-Updated-090519.pdf
Study title:
Employee Perceptions of CEO
Ghost Posting and Voice: Effects
on Perceived Authentic Leadership,
Organizational Transparency,
and Organization Relationships
11. Why this research is important:
Corporate advocacy is increasingly important in today’s environment. This study shows that American consumers feel a deep
personal connection to companies when they share the same values, leading to increasing levels of trust and loyalty.
Method:
First, the researchers conducted an online survey of 1,193 American adults aged 18+. The study also includes findings from
biometrics research conducted by HCD Research, wherein a random sample of 21 American adults aged 23-38 were connected
to a variety of biometric sensors and monitored. These sensors tracked respondents’ subconscious responses to stimuli, and
participants were also asked to fill out a brief survey to measure their conscious responses.
Key Findings:
• Americans believe companies should support a variety of issues, especially “issues that directly impact, or are impacted by,
the business” (86%), “issues that are important to them personally” (79%), and “issues that are widely discussed in news and
society” (75%).
• A majority of Americans (79%) said they feel a deeper personal connection to companies with values similar to their own,
and 72% believe purpose-driven companies care more about them and their families.
• When a company leads with purpose, consumers agreed they would: have a more positive image of that company (89%), be
more likely to trust the company (86%), and be more loyal to the company (83%).
• Consumers reported a desire to support purpose-driven companies. Specifically, 86% of respondents said they “would
purchase products and services from that company;” 81% said they “would support that company in their community;”
70% reported a desire to work for that company; and 64% said they want to invest in that company.
numberseven
American consumers believe companies should support a variety
of issues, especially those that directly impact the business
10
By: Porter Novelli and Cone
Study Title:
2019 Porter Novelli/Cone Purpose
Biometrics Study: Feeling Purpose
Link:
https://static1.squarespace.com/stat-
ic/56b4a7472b8dde3df5b7013f/t/5ce6eb8c15fcc0
076a874b15/1558637485726/Biometrics+Researc
h+FINAL+Single+Pages.pdf
12. Why this research is important:
This study details the largest risk factors in communications, media and technology in today’s world. With the rise
of new technological advances comes new risks, such as data security, privacy, and increasingly realistic fake news.
Method:
This study design employed a survey of more than 175 risk professionals and other Communications, Media and
Technology (CMT) executives globally.
Key Findings:
• Findings indicated that the factors driving risk in 2019 are: 5G networks, China’s innovation rise, fracturing
global supply chain, increasing contractual responsibility, expanding regulations and increasing fines, and
increasingly realistic fake news.
• Most companies lack a formal process to assess risks for new products and services. Forty-five percent of
respondents state “risk management follows internal announcements and external news sources to learn about
our products and services.”
• The highest ranked CMT risk was “data security and privacy,” with 76% of respondents rating it as a risk of
“high” or “highest” concern, and 86% of respondents reporting it as an issue with “growing complexity.”
• CMT companies are increasingly operating across sectors.
Study Title: 2019 Communications, Media, and Technology Risk Study | By: Marsh & McLennan Companies
Data security and privacy are risks
of “highest” concern, and professionals
expect this issue to grow in complexity
11
number
eight
Link: https://www.marsh.com/us/insights/research/2019-communications-media-and-technology-risk-study.html
13. NUMBERNINE
The use of technology in PR is
expected to evolve, with an
increasing focus on analytics
and measurement
Why this research is important:
This report examines the projected growth of the public relations industry according to CEOs and
in-house communicators. Their responses were evaluated to predict upcoming advancements in
the industry, especially concerning media and technology.
Method:
This study surveyed 1,563 PR professionals online between January 7, 2019 and February 15,
2019. Of the sample, 803 respondents work in an agency/consultancy establishment and 760
work as in-house PR professionals. Also included in the study was a student sample of 378
respondents and a CEO sample of 213 respondents.
Key Findings:
• A majority of respondents (65%) said big data analytics skills will be needed for future
PR/communications professionals to be successful, followed by video production (59%), and
search engine optimization (59%).
• Of the technological tools available to PR professionals, the tools that are predicted to be
most important in future work are social listening and analytics (54%), website analytics
(54%) and social media management (51%).
• Forty-four percent of CEOs rated their company’s current ability to use the latest
technology to enhance effective communications as “good.”
• The most reported primary driver for technology use within agencies and departments is
“pressure to deliver measurable ROI” (28%).
• CEOs rank customer experience optimization (33%), measuring of results (22%), and
audience targeting (22%) as the top-ranking areas of communications to advance through
the use of new technology.
By: USC Annenberg Center for Public Relations
Graph by USC Annenberg Center for Public Relations
12
Study Title: 2019 Global Communications Report: The Future of Technology in Communication
Link: http://assets.uscannenberg.org/docs/2019-global-communications-report.pdf
14. Study Title: Women in the Workplace 2019, By: Lean In & McKinsey & Company
Link: https://leanin.org/women-in-the-workplace-2019
Why this research is important:
This research studies how women are being represented in the workplace throughout the United States and Canada.
Findings demonstrate that the issue is no longer “the glass ceiling” but rather it is the “broken rung” in the corporate
ladder, making the first step up to manager the biggest obstacle for women.
Method:
This report is based on research regarding talent pipeline and/or program data from 329 companies in a variety of
industries across the United States and Canada. In addition, more than 68,500 employees from 77 companies were
surveyed on their workplace experiences. Data from 39 participant interviews also contributed to these findings.
Key Findings:
• Companies are adding more women to the C-suite. Today, 44% of companies have three or more women in their
C-suite, up from 29% of companies in 2015.
• Of the companies studied, 22% of the C-suite executives are women and 4% are women of color.
• The first step up to manager is the biggest obstacle for women when it comes to climbing the corporate ladder.
• Today, 87% of companies are highly committed to gender diversity, compared to 56% in 2012.
Progress is being made for women
in the workplace; forty-four
percent of companies have three
or more women in the C-Suite
NUMBER
TEN
13
COMMITMENT
TO GENDER
DIVERSITY HAS
RISEN OVER
THE LAST
FIVE YEARS
15. Key Findings:
• Seventy-one percent of employees felt they can make a difference in society, with sixty-two percent
believing they can make a greater impact than business leaders can. Millennials are significantly more likely than older generations to feel empowered.
• Exactly half of American employees (50%) were aware of employee activism. Millennials are significantly more likely than older generations to be aware of employee activism, with
awareness declining with age.
• Most U.S. employees believe employees are right to speak up about their employers, whether they are in support of them (84%) or against (75%). The belief that employees have a right to
speak up in support of their employers is consistent across generations. Millennials are the only generation that think employees are just as right to speak out against their employers as
they are to support (82% vs. 85%, respectively).
• Thirty-eight percent of American employees have spoken up to support or criticize their employer’s actions over a controversial issue that affects society. Millennials are significantly more
likely to be employee activists than older generations (48% vs. 33% of Gen Xers and 27% of Boomers).
• Seventy-six percent of employee activists have taken action toward their employer in the past 12-18 months on the company’s action or stance on a societal issue. The most common
single action is initiating conversation with other employees (36%), opening the possibility for activism to grow internally, and gain momentum externally.
Why this research is important:
With employee activism on the rise, this study provides insight into the current attitudes of American
employees regarding their stance on making a difference in society and speaking up at their workplace.
Method:
This study employed an online survey in March 2019 among 1,000 employed American adults. The
respondents work full-time in organizations with at least 500 employees in a variety of industries.
14
American employees are increasingly
taking a stand on issues important
to them through employee activism
By: Weber Shandwick, unitedminds, KRC Research
NUMBER
ELEVEN:
Study Title: Employee Activism in the Age of Purpose: Employees (Up)Rising
Link: http://www.krcresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Employee-Activism-in-the-Age-of-Purpose-FINAL.pdf
16. NUMBERtwelve
Americans believe institutions
should play a role in improving
the level of civility in the Us
Why this research is important:
Expectations for American institutions are increasing, especially when it comes to social causes.
Findings from this study reveal that American adults expect a variety of groups to play a role in
improving civility in the U.S., but groups such as elected officials are expected to play a larger role.
Method:
This poll was conducted in February 2019 among 1,230 U.S. adults and 100 teens, ages 16-17.
Key Findings:
• Eighty-nine percent of Americans who work with others described their place of employment
as very or somewhat civil, a statistic that has changed little since 2017.
• Nearly six-in-ten Americans (57%) expected the level of civility in society to decline during
the next few years; social media and/or the Internet is the leading reason for erosion.
• When people encounter incivility at work, their most commonly reported reactions are to
ignore the person acting uncivilly (54%) and to remove themselves from the situation (49%).
• The majority of Americans believe civility improvements start in the home, with 55% said they
would like to see parents teaching civility to their children as a way to improve overall civility.
Workplace solutions make up the majority of other top remedies.
• Americans believe there is a larger role for many institutions to play – with elected officials at
the top of the list at 64% – in helping improve the level of civility in the nation.
By: Weber Shandwick, Powell Tate, KRC Research
15
17. Why this research is important:
CCOs are leading the transformation of their companies by defining, reinforcing or reviving corporate character. Advances in
the digital world are also allowing CCOs to engage stakeholders, build trust and reputation, and achieve measurable results in
new ways.
Method:
Data in this study were collected from conversations with more than 200 CCOs around the world and across more than 25
industries. These conversations were primarily held at the 2018 Page Society Annual Conference and the 2018/2019 Page
Spring Seminars. Additional data was collected through a global survey of senior communications leaders.
Key Findings:
• CCOs are increasingly responsible for, and are transforming, corporate brand stewardship. Sixty-six percent of CCOs
report being responsible for corporate brand. Of those who are not, 52% say they are a leader in influencing the brand,
and 44% say they are a participant.
• CCOs are heavily engaged in instilling a new kind of corporate culture that is taking hold across business. Respondents
say a new business design requires the workforce to continually learn, make decisions based on data, and be truly
customer-centric.
• CCOs report that the “most important attributes of high-performing corporate cultures in the future” will be agility
(45%), diversity and inclusion (38%), less hierarchy and more empowered teams (35%), growth mindset (33%),
adherence to values (27%), and data-driven decision-making (24%).
• Increasingly, CCOs are helping enterprises rethink their corporate purpose with a focus on societal value.
numberthirteen Pacesetting CCOs are playing a key role in
helping CEOs transform business design
16
By: Page Society
Study Title: The CCO as Pacesetter: What It Means, Why It Matters, How to Get There
Link: https://knowledge.page.org/report/the-cco-as-pacesetter/
18. NUMBERfourteen While diversity programs in
organizations may not benefit
many employees, “hidden gems”
that enhance diversity can help.
Why this research is important:
Although companies have been putting forth effort to address diversity in the workplace, diverse
employees feel there is still progress to be made. Companies cannot simply launch programs;
success of these programs requires ongoing leadership commitment, a tailored approach, and
metrics gauging progress.
Method:
This study employed a survey of approximately 16,500 people in 14 countries (Australia, Brazil,
China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, India, Italy, Norway, Spain, the UK and the US).
Respondents worked across a range of industries. The study sample included 8,600 women, 3,200
racially or ethnically diverse employees, and 1,650 people of the LGBTQ community.
Key Findings:
• Diversity programs are generating limited results. Out of the 97% of respondents who state
that their company has a diversity program in place, only 25% say that they have personally
benefited from the diversity program.
• Senior leaders (typically heterosexual men aged 45 and older) often do not see the obstacles for
employees in diverse groups, including women, racially/ethnically diverse employees, and
LGBTQ employees.
• Diverse employees identify three measures as being the “most effective” in promoting diversity:
o Remove bias from evaluation and promotion decisions
o Craft strong antidiscrimination policies
o Train staff to reduce biases and increase cultural competency
• Diverse employees recommend “hidden gems” that enhance diversity, such as improving
childcare and parental leave benefits, removing bias from the day-to-day work experience, and
offering gender-neutral bathrooms.
By: Boston Consulting Group, Matt Krentz, Justin Dean, Jennifer Garcia-Alonso, Frances Brooks Taplett, Miki Tsusaka, and Elliot Vaughn
17
Study Title: Fixing the Flawed Approach to Diversity
Link: https://www.bcg.com/en-us/publications/2019/fixing-the-flawed-approach-to-diversity.aspx
19. Top 10 Public Relations Insights of 2018
Published annually, the report highlights 10 research studies published the previous year that all PR practitioners and academics should know about.
Topics include purpose, advocacy, internal communications, and the impact of the future of work.
https://instituteforpr.org/top-10-public-relations-research-insights-of-2018/
Mind The Gap: Women in Leadership, Phase I
In partnership with KPMG, this qualitative survey of both men and women in public relations is the first part of a two-part study.
Topics include leadership qualities, skills, bias, organizational policies, as well as opportunities and challenges in the workplace.
https://instituteforpr.org/mind-the-gap-womens-leadership-in-public-relations/
10 Ways to Combat Misinformation
The IPR Behavioral Insights Research Center offers 10 tips for how to combat misinformation, or misleading or false information, using behavioral science as a guide.
https://instituteforpr.org/10-ways-to-combat-misinformation/
2019 IPR Disinformation in Society Report
The inaugural 2019 IPR “Disinformation in Society” study examines how disinformation — news that is intentionally misleading — is spread in U.S. society. The poll of
2,200 Americans, conducted March 19-24, 2019, by Morning Consult, explores the prevalence of disinformation in the U.S., the parties most responsible for sharing dis-
information, the level of trust the American public has for different information sources, and whose job it is to combat disinformation.
https://instituteforpr.org/ipr-disinformation-study/
The 2019 IPR Future (U.S.)
Led by the IPR Organizational Communication Research Center, this study of 25 internal communication leaders looks at how technologies and “the future of work” will
impact the enterprise and how the organization operates.
https://instituteforpr.org/the-2019-ipr-future-of-work-study/
What You Need To Know About Incorporating Behavioral Science Into Public Relations: A Primer
Led by the IPR Behavioral Insights Research Center, this guide offers an overview of the importance of behavioral science in the communication function and
what communicators should look for when hiring and incorporating behavioral science.
https://instituteforpr.org/what-you-need-to-know-about-incorporating-behavioural-science-into-public-relations-a-primer/
IPR Research from 2019
18
20. Why this research is important:
Although public relations is a predominantly female industry, men hold the vast majority of CEO positions in the top PR agencies. Studies point to several factors impacting women’s rise
to the C-suite, including work-life considerations, reduced likelihood to receive promotions or pay increases, and unconscious biases.
Method:
Ten focus groups were conducted of 60 professionals in the the following groups independently led by same-sex moderators: senior-level women, mid-level women, senior-level men, and
mid-level men. Participants were industry leaders, chief communication officers, executives, and mid-level employees in corporations, agencies, and nonprofits.
Key Findings:
• Mentorships and sponsorships are important contributors to success. Both men and women said a sponsor, champion, or career advocate is beneficial for
supporting career mobility and serving as a sounding board for guidance.
• Barriers still exist for women. Many men said they didn’t think there were systematic barriers to a woman’s rise to leadership positions; most women disagreed,
frequently citing challenges such as work-life fit, sexism, and unconscious biases.
• Women and men shared the same perceptions of good leadership, agreeing that leaders should be defined by their qualities, not their gender.
• Several calls to action for change were detailed in the study, which include: both men and women being involved in the cause for gender equality, addressing
potential pay gaps, leaders prioritizing action, and reviewing policies and making organizational change.
19
Barriers and stereotypes still exist for
women in public relations; improving
work-life fit, righting policy inequities,
and promoting mentorship are all
important factors to promote equalityMind the Gap: Women’s Leadership in Public Relations
deepdive
Link: https://instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/IPR.KPMG-WIL-Study-FINAL041219-compressed-1.pdf by: Megan Dubrowski (KPMG), Dr. Tina McCorkindale, APR (IPR),
and Rebecca Rickert (Prudential) | Study is a partnership with KPMG
21. Why this research is important:
A rapidly and continuously shifting technological landscape, growing globalization, and the juxtaposition of new and
tenured members of the workforce will contribute to a transformation in work, the workforce, and the workplace.
Method:
This study consisted of in-depth phone interviews with 25 internal communications leaders at various-sized companies in
2018 and 2019. Participants were drawn from a diverse set of consumer and business-to-business industries.
Key Findings:
• Organizational (internal) communications can drive the organization to the future. Organizational communication executives
say that the workforce needs to imagine the future in a constructive manner and communications can inspire such thinking.
• Challenges and opportunities for the future of work include internal communication platforms, a gig/contractor workforce,
generational differences, and the rapid speed of change.
• The future of work begins with leadership and communicators. Investment, performance, metrics and recognition are all
levers that must be employed before the workforce engages.
• Characteristics inherent in a new work model include agility, assimilation, development, and connectedness.
From a communications standpoint, respondents say programming must be aligned and supportive.
• Creation will be an important aspect in the future of work. Expanding “voice” across the enterprise to better innovate and
learn will result in a successful business.
20
The future of work is more than
just artificial intelligence and
automation; it will involve leadership,
communication, agility, and creationThe 2019 IPR Future of Work Report
deepdive
Link: https://instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/The-Future-of-Work-V5.pdf By: Melissa D. Dodd, Ph.D, APR, and the IPR Organizational
Communication Research Center
22. Why this research is important:
Americans identify misinformation and disinformation (deliberately false or misleading information or news) in the
news as being more of a major problem than quality of education, racial discrimination, and the economy. This report
examines the prevalence of disinformation in the U.S., the parties most responsible for sharing disinformation, the
level of trust in certain information sources, and the parties responsible for combatting information.
Method:
An online poll of 2,200 Americans was conducted March 19-24, 2019, by Morning Consult
Key Findings:
• Nearly two out of three Americans think the spread of “misinformation” (65%) and “disinformation”
(63%) is a major problem in the country.
• Forty-five percent of Republicans and 72% of Democrats said President Trump is at least “somewhat” responsible
for spreading disinformation.
• More than three out of four (78%) respondents report seeing news or information that misrepresents reality at
least once a week.
• Among groups and individuals trying to combat disinformation that appears in the news media, Americans give
the most credit to “people like me” (55%), the Supreme Court (51%), and fact-checking websites (49%).
• Americans view family as the most trustworthy source for accurate news or information followed by “people like
me,” and friends.
21
A majority of Americans think
the spread of disinformation is a
major problem in the country
2019 IPR Disinformation in Society Report
deepdive
Link: https://instituteforpr.org/ipr-disinformation-study/ By: Institute for Public Relations, Tina McCorkindale Ph.D., APR