Techniques of direct composite restorationMrinaliniDr
Techniques of the direct composite restoration. Includes different instruments, matrix system, wedges, bevel, etching, bonding, and placement of composite along with finishing and polishing and clinical management
This document discusses different types of all-ceramic dental restorations, including their compositions and manufacturing techniques. It describes sintered ceramics like alumina and leucite-based materials, heat pressed ceramics like IPS Empress and lithium disilicate, slip cast ceramics like In-Ceram alumina and spinel, and machinable ceramics milled using CAD/CAM or copy milling. The advantages of all-ceramic restorations are also summarized, such as superior esthetics, biocompatibility, and bond strength compared to ceramic-metal restorations.
The document discusses the principles and techniques for cast metal inlay restorations, including materials used, indications and contraindications, advantages and disadvantages. It covers cavity design considerations like apico-occlusal taper, convergence angles, and preparation features. Furthermore, it examines bevel designs and their significance in strengthening tooth structure and improving marginal adaptation of cast restorations.
1. Etchant acid, also known as phosphoric acid, is used to condition tooth enamel prior to placing restorative materials like resins, sealants, and adhesive cements. It demineralizes the enamel, creating micro pores to achieve a strong bond between the material and tooth.
2. The acid is applied for 15-60 seconds and then rinsed thoroughly before the restorative material is placed. This micro-etching of the enamel improves retention of the restoration.
3. For ceramics, hydrofluoric acid is used which also etches the material by creating channels, allowing chemical bonding between the ceramic, silane, and resin for strong adhesion.
Composite materials are made of a resin matrix and filler particles. They have superior properties to their individual components. There are several types of composites classified by filler particle size: macrofilled (8-12 μm), small particle (1-5 μm), microfilled (0.04-0.4 μm), and hybrid (1 μm). Macrofilled composites have the largest particles and produce the roughest surfaces, while microfilled composites have the smallest particles and smoothest surfaces. Hybrid composites have a mixture of particle sizes. The different types have various indications for use depending on their mechanical properties and ability to be polished.
Bonding to Enamel and Dentin Bonding to Enamel and DentinStephanie Chahrouk
1. Bonding agents allow for placement of aesthetic restorations like composites by bonding to enamel and dentin. Developments in bonding agents and composite materials as well as increased focus on aesthetics have boosted adhesive dentistry.
2. Bonding techniques minimize removal of tooth structure, manage sensitivity, reduce microleakage, and expand aesthetic options. Conditioning enamel with phosphoric acid increases surface area for bonding through resin tags.
3. Dentin requires both acid conditioning to remove the smear layer and expose collagen and priming to promote resin infiltration into demineralized dentin. Maintaining a moist environment is important for optimal dentin bonding.
Resin based composites(Recent Advances)Taduri Vivek
This document provides an overview of dental composites, including their history, classification, composition, properties, and recent developments. It discusses the key components of composites such as the resin matrix, fillers, coupling agents, and photoinitiators. It also summarizes the different types of composites based on particle size, polymerization method, and other characteristics. Recent innovations in composites include antibacterial, flowable, packable, compomers, and fiber-reinforced formulations.
Techniques of direct composite restorationMrinaliniDr
Techniques of the direct composite restoration. Includes different instruments, matrix system, wedges, bevel, etching, bonding, and placement of composite along with finishing and polishing and clinical management
This document discusses different types of all-ceramic dental restorations, including their compositions and manufacturing techniques. It describes sintered ceramics like alumina and leucite-based materials, heat pressed ceramics like IPS Empress and lithium disilicate, slip cast ceramics like In-Ceram alumina and spinel, and machinable ceramics milled using CAD/CAM or copy milling. The advantages of all-ceramic restorations are also summarized, such as superior esthetics, biocompatibility, and bond strength compared to ceramic-metal restorations.
The document discusses the principles and techniques for cast metal inlay restorations, including materials used, indications and contraindications, advantages and disadvantages. It covers cavity design considerations like apico-occlusal taper, convergence angles, and preparation features. Furthermore, it examines bevel designs and their significance in strengthening tooth structure and improving marginal adaptation of cast restorations.
1. Etchant acid, also known as phosphoric acid, is used to condition tooth enamel prior to placing restorative materials like resins, sealants, and adhesive cements. It demineralizes the enamel, creating micro pores to achieve a strong bond between the material and tooth.
2. The acid is applied for 15-60 seconds and then rinsed thoroughly before the restorative material is placed. This micro-etching of the enamel improves retention of the restoration.
3. For ceramics, hydrofluoric acid is used which also etches the material by creating channels, allowing chemical bonding between the ceramic, silane, and resin for strong adhesion.
Composite materials are made of a resin matrix and filler particles. They have superior properties to their individual components. There are several types of composites classified by filler particle size: macrofilled (8-12 μm), small particle (1-5 μm), microfilled (0.04-0.4 μm), and hybrid (1 μm). Macrofilled composites have the largest particles and produce the roughest surfaces, while microfilled composites have the smallest particles and smoothest surfaces. Hybrid composites have a mixture of particle sizes. The different types have various indications for use depending on their mechanical properties and ability to be polished.
Bonding to Enamel and Dentin Bonding to Enamel and DentinStephanie Chahrouk
1. Bonding agents allow for placement of aesthetic restorations like composites by bonding to enamel and dentin. Developments in bonding agents and composite materials as well as increased focus on aesthetics have boosted adhesive dentistry.
2. Bonding techniques minimize removal of tooth structure, manage sensitivity, reduce microleakage, and expand aesthetic options. Conditioning enamel with phosphoric acid increases surface area for bonding through resin tags.
3. Dentin requires both acid conditioning to remove the smear layer and expose collagen and priming to promote resin infiltration into demineralized dentin. Maintaining a moist environment is important for optimal dentin bonding.
Resin based composites(Recent Advances)Taduri Vivek
This document provides an overview of dental composites, including their history, classification, composition, properties, and recent developments. It discusses the key components of composites such as the resin matrix, fillers, coupling agents, and photoinitiators. It also summarizes the different types of composites based on particle size, polymerization method, and other characteristics. Recent innovations in composites include antibacterial, flowable, packable, compomers, and fiber-reinforced formulations.
GLASS IONOMER CEMENT AND ITS RECENT ADVANCES- by Dr. JAGADEESH KODITYALAJagadeesh Kodityala
This document provides an overview of glass ionomer cement, including its definition, history, composition, classification, setting reaction, properties, and recent advances. Key points include:
- Glass ionomer cement was invented in 1969 and first reported in 1971, consisting of a glass powder and aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid.
- It is classified based on its intended use, such as luting cement, restorative cement, or liner/base material.
- The setting reaction involves an acid-base reaction between the glass powder and polyacrylic acid, forming bonds through a calcium polyacrylate matrix that continues to harden over time.
- Properties include adhesion to tooth structure, biocompatibility, fluoride
The document discusses the clinical technique for composite restoration. It covers initial procedures like local anesthesia and shade selection. It then discusses tooth preparation, including cavity designs like conventional, beveled conventional, modified box shape, and facial/lingual slot. Matrix placement and isolation of the operating site are also covered. Pulp protection and restorative techniques are briefly mentioned.
This document discusses root canal sealers, including their definition, requirements, functions, and classifications. It describes various common sealers such as zinc oxide eugenol sealers like Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer, Procosol, and Grossman Sealer. It also discusses non-eugenol sealers, medicated sealers, and calcium hydroxide based sealers. The document provides details on the composition, properties, advantages, disadvantages and uses of different sealers.
This document discusses acid etching of dental surfaces. It describes how acid etching was first proposed in 1955 to increase bond strength between composite resin and enamel. Acid etching removes enamel and creates an irregular porous surface that allows resin to penetrate through micromechanical interlocking, improving bond strength. Factors like acid type/concentration, etching duration, and fluoride levels can affect bonding. While acid etching is effective, some alternatives under investigation include crystal growth solutions, air abrasion, and lasers, but they have not achieved bond strengths as high as acid etching.
Recent advances have improved dental composite materials. Composites contain resin and inorganic fillers to increase strength while decreasing problems from resin such as shrinkage. Larger filler particles improve strength but smoothness while smaller fillers enhance esthetics. Novel composites aim to reduce shrinkage through techniques like silorane resin which uses a different polymerization or bulk fill which can be placed in 4mm layers. Other trends include nano-filled composites with ultra-small particles achieving high filler loading and strength, and smart composites which release ions to prevent decay. Indirect composites can be contoured outside the mouth but still experience shrinkage during cementation. Overall composites continue advancing but shrinkage remains a challenge.
This document provides information on root canal obturation materials. It defines obturation as the three dimensional filling of the entire root canal system as close to the cementodentinal junction as possible. The objectives and ideal requirements of root canal filling materials are described. Materials are classified and various materials used for filling root canals are discussed, including gutta percha, resilon, silver points, and various cements. The properties, advantages, and disadvantages of gutta percha are summarized. Recent advances in materials like medicated gutta percha and resilon are also outlined.
This document discusses adhesion and bonding in dentistry. It begins by introducing the fundamental objective of creating adhesion between tooth structure and restorative materials. It then covers the principles of adhesion, including the different types of adhesion mechanisms. Some key factors and challenges that impact adhesion are surface energy, contact angle, wetting, surface contamination, and water content. The document reviews the history of bonding agents, from early experiments in the 1950s to the development of multi-step bonding systems. It also separates the discussion of enamel bonding agents from dentin bonding agents.
This document discusses provisional restorations, including their definition, purpose, requirements, and fabrication methods. Provisional restorations are interim prostheses used for a limited time after tooth preparation until a permanent restoration can be placed. They protect the prepared tooth, maintain function and aesthetics, and allow the dentist to assess treatment. Ideal provisionals have biologic requirements like pulp protection and positional stability, mechanical requirements like strength and retention, and aesthetic requirements like color matching. They can be custom-made using various resin or metal materials or prefabricated. Direct, indirect, and combined fabrication techniques are described.
This document discusses various materials used for fabricating dental dies, including their properties and uses. It covers gypsum products like dental stone (Type III and high-strength Type IV and V stones), electroformed dies using copper or silver plating, epoxy resins, and flexible die materials like polyvinyl and polyurethane. Each material has advantages like detail reproduction, strength and disadvantages like shrinkage, toxicity or incompatibility with some impression materials. Newer ceramic and CAD/CAM die materials are also introduced that are strong and dimensionally stable.
The document discusses common failures of dental amalgam restorations. It states that while amalgams initially perform well, over time technical issues can lead to fracture, recurrent caries, discoloration and corrosion. Failures are often due to faulty cavity preparation, poor matrix adaptation, or improper amalgam manipulation. Specifically, inadequate extension or retention forms during cavity preparation increase risks of secondary caries and fracture. Contamination or delayed condensation of amalgam can also weaken restorations.
Tissue conditioners are temporary denture liners composed of polyethylmethacrylate and aromatic esters that form a gel when mixed. They have several uses: as adjuncts for tissue healing by protecting irritated tissues before denture fabrication; as temporary obturators over existing dentures; to stabilize denture bases and surgical splints; and to diagnose the effects of resilient denture liners. Tissue conditioners are applied by reducing the denture base, mixing the three components, and molding the material to the denture tissues. They require gentle cleaning to prevent tearing but only provide temporary relief due to loss of plasticizers over 4-8 weeks.
This document discusses dental composite materials. It provides a brief history, noting their introduction in the 1960s and improvements over time, including the development of microfilled and hybrid composites in the 1980s-1990s. The document outlines the composition of dental composites, including monomers, photo initiators, fillers like silica and glass. It also discusses different filler types and particle sizes, as well as setting mechanisms like chemical, light, and dual cures. Advantages include esthetics, bonding to tooth structure, and disadvantages include shrinkage and required skill. The document classifies composites by handling characteristics and location of restoration fabrication. It concludes with the method and clinical application of dental composites.
The document discusses dental ceramics, including their history, structure, composition, and classification. Some key points:
- Dental ceramics have been used since ancient times, with early developments including porcelain teeth in the late 18th century. Major advances included reinforced porcelains in the 1960s and all-ceramic systems in the 1980s-1990s.
- Ceramics can be crystalline or non-crystalline (glass). Dental ceramics are mainly composed of crystalline minerals and a glass matrix. Common components include feldspar, silica, kaolin, and glass modifiers.
- Ceramics are classified as non-crystalline or crystalline, with fel
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Compomers, also known as polyacid-modified composite resins (PAMCRs), combine properties of glass ionomer cements (GICs) and composites. They set through both light-activated polymerization and a slower acid-base reaction between carboxyl groups and glass filler ions. This gives compomers fluoride release capabilities from the glass ionomer component and durability from the composite resin component. Compomers are easy to use, esthetic materials suitable for various restorative applications like sealants, liners/bases, and class III/V restorations. However, they have less fluoride release than GICs and less strength than composites.
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting restorative materials. It outlines various materials like amalgam, glass ionomers, composites, indirect composites, and ceramics. Key factors that influence material selection include the location and size of the lesion, strength of remaining tooth structure, occlusal forces, and esthetics. Materials have advantages like strength, adhesion, and esthetics but also disadvantages like brittleness and technique sensitivity. A thorough understanding of materials and consideration of all factors is important for selecting the best material for each clinical situation.
This document provides information about various luting cements used in dentistry. It focuses on zinc phosphate cement, discussing its composition, setting reaction, properties and applications. The key points are:
1. Zinc phosphate cement is the oldest luting agent and consists of a powder made primarily of zinc oxide and a liquid of phosphoric acid. The acid reacts with zinc oxide to form zinc phosphate during setting.
2. It has a working time of 1.5-2 minutes and setting time of 2.5-8 minutes. Its compressive strength is 104MPa and it bonds mechanically rather than chemically.
3. Zinc phosphate cement is used for cementing permanent restorations
Composite Resin Luting cements (2nd edition) presentation powerpoint
A type of dental cement
Used for cementation of indirect restorations & brackets
A summary of five textbooks
This document provides an overview of surveying and surveying tools used in the process of designing removable partial dentures (RPDs). It discusses the history and development of surveying, types of surveyors, principles of surveying including survey lines and path of insertion. The document outlines the step-by-step survey process including orienting the cast, tilting, marking survey lines, measuring undercuts, identifying interferences, and tripoding the cast for future reference. Various surveying tools such as the analyzing rod, carbon marker, undercut gauges, and wax trimmers are also described.
Lect. 3th stage tooth color restoration-composite -20181Amir Hamde
The document summarizes tooth color restorations (composite fillings). It discusses the history and development of composite materials from silicates in the 1870s to modern nanofill composites. Composite is made of an organic resin matrix and inorganic filler particles. The resin is usually bis-GMA and the filler is glass or silica coupled together with silane. Composite provides strength and aesthetics but also has disadvantages like polymerization shrinkage. Proper placement technique helps maximize strengths and minimize risks.
Lect. 3th stage tooth color restoration-composite part 2-20181Amir Hamde
The document discusses tooth color restorations and composite materials. It provides a history of composite development beginning in 1871 with silicates and progressing to modern nanofill composites. Key components of composites include the resin matrix such as Bis-GMA, filler particles, and silane coupling agents. Ideal properties and composition of composites are outlined. Steps for placing composites are summarized, including isolation, etching, bonding, and layering/curing techniques. Sources of polymerization shrinkage and methods to reduce it are also described.
GLASS IONOMER CEMENT AND ITS RECENT ADVANCES- by Dr. JAGADEESH KODITYALAJagadeesh Kodityala
This document provides an overview of glass ionomer cement, including its definition, history, composition, classification, setting reaction, properties, and recent advances. Key points include:
- Glass ionomer cement was invented in 1969 and first reported in 1971, consisting of a glass powder and aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid.
- It is classified based on its intended use, such as luting cement, restorative cement, or liner/base material.
- The setting reaction involves an acid-base reaction between the glass powder and polyacrylic acid, forming bonds through a calcium polyacrylate matrix that continues to harden over time.
- Properties include adhesion to tooth structure, biocompatibility, fluoride
The document discusses the clinical technique for composite restoration. It covers initial procedures like local anesthesia and shade selection. It then discusses tooth preparation, including cavity designs like conventional, beveled conventional, modified box shape, and facial/lingual slot. Matrix placement and isolation of the operating site are also covered. Pulp protection and restorative techniques are briefly mentioned.
This document discusses root canal sealers, including their definition, requirements, functions, and classifications. It describes various common sealers such as zinc oxide eugenol sealers like Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer, Procosol, and Grossman Sealer. It also discusses non-eugenol sealers, medicated sealers, and calcium hydroxide based sealers. The document provides details on the composition, properties, advantages, disadvantages and uses of different sealers.
This document discusses acid etching of dental surfaces. It describes how acid etching was first proposed in 1955 to increase bond strength between composite resin and enamel. Acid etching removes enamel and creates an irregular porous surface that allows resin to penetrate through micromechanical interlocking, improving bond strength. Factors like acid type/concentration, etching duration, and fluoride levels can affect bonding. While acid etching is effective, some alternatives under investigation include crystal growth solutions, air abrasion, and lasers, but they have not achieved bond strengths as high as acid etching.
Recent advances have improved dental composite materials. Composites contain resin and inorganic fillers to increase strength while decreasing problems from resin such as shrinkage. Larger filler particles improve strength but smoothness while smaller fillers enhance esthetics. Novel composites aim to reduce shrinkage through techniques like silorane resin which uses a different polymerization or bulk fill which can be placed in 4mm layers. Other trends include nano-filled composites with ultra-small particles achieving high filler loading and strength, and smart composites which release ions to prevent decay. Indirect composites can be contoured outside the mouth but still experience shrinkage during cementation. Overall composites continue advancing but shrinkage remains a challenge.
This document provides information on root canal obturation materials. It defines obturation as the three dimensional filling of the entire root canal system as close to the cementodentinal junction as possible. The objectives and ideal requirements of root canal filling materials are described. Materials are classified and various materials used for filling root canals are discussed, including gutta percha, resilon, silver points, and various cements. The properties, advantages, and disadvantages of gutta percha are summarized. Recent advances in materials like medicated gutta percha and resilon are also outlined.
This document discusses adhesion and bonding in dentistry. It begins by introducing the fundamental objective of creating adhesion between tooth structure and restorative materials. It then covers the principles of adhesion, including the different types of adhesion mechanisms. Some key factors and challenges that impact adhesion are surface energy, contact angle, wetting, surface contamination, and water content. The document reviews the history of bonding agents, from early experiments in the 1950s to the development of multi-step bonding systems. It also separates the discussion of enamel bonding agents from dentin bonding agents.
This document discusses provisional restorations, including their definition, purpose, requirements, and fabrication methods. Provisional restorations are interim prostheses used for a limited time after tooth preparation until a permanent restoration can be placed. They protect the prepared tooth, maintain function and aesthetics, and allow the dentist to assess treatment. Ideal provisionals have biologic requirements like pulp protection and positional stability, mechanical requirements like strength and retention, and aesthetic requirements like color matching. They can be custom-made using various resin or metal materials or prefabricated. Direct, indirect, and combined fabrication techniques are described.
This document discusses various materials used for fabricating dental dies, including their properties and uses. It covers gypsum products like dental stone (Type III and high-strength Type IV and V stones), electroformed dies using copper or silver plating, epoxy resins, and flexible die materials like polyvinyl and polyurethane. Each material has advantages like detail reproduction, strength and disadvantages like shrinkage, toxicity or incompatibility with some impression materials. Newer ceramic and CAD/CAM die materials are also introduced that are strong and dimensionally stable.
The document discusses common failures of dental amalgam restorations. It states that while amalgams initially perform well, over time technical issues can lead to fracture, recurrent caries, discoloration and corrosion. Failures are often due to faulty cavity preparation, poor matrix adaptation, or improper amalgam manipulation. Specifically, inadequate extension or retention forms during cavity preparation increase risks of secondary caries and fracture. Contamination or delayed condensation of amalgam can also weaken restorations.
Tissue conditioners are temporary denture liners composed of polyethylmethacrylate and aromatic esters that form a gel when mixed. They have several uses: as adjuncts for tissue healing by protecting irritated tissues before denture fabrication; as temporary obturators over existing dentures; to stabilize denture bases and surgical splints; and to diagnose the effects of resilient denture liners. Tissue conditioners are applied by reducing the denture base, mixing the three components, and molding the material to the denture tissues. They require gentle cleaning to prevent tearing but only provide temporary relief due to loss of plasticizers over 4-8 weeks.
This document discusses dental composite materials. It provides a brief history, noting their introduction in the 1960s and improvements over time, including the development of microfilled and hybrid composites in the 1980s-1990s. The document outlines the composition of dental composites, including monomers, photo initiators, fillers like silica and glass. It also discusses different filler types and particle sizes, as well as setting mechanisms like chemical, light, and dual cures. Advantages include esthetics, bonding to tooth structure, and disadvantages include shrinkage and required skill. The document classifies composites by handling characteristics and location of restoration fabrication. It concludes with the method and clinical application of dental composites.
The document discusses dental ceramics, including their history, structure, composition, and classification. Some key points:
- Dental ceramics have been used since ancient times, with early developments including porcelain teeth in the late 18th century. Major advances included reinforced porcelains in the 1960s and all-ceramic systems in the 1980s-1990s.
- Ceramics can be crystalline or non-crystalline (glass). Dental ceramics are mainly composed of crystalline minerals and a glass matrix. Common components include feldspar, silica, kaolin, and glass modifiers.
- Ceramics are classified as non-crystalline or crystalline, with fel
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Compomers, also known as polyacid-modified composite resins (PAMCRs), combine properties of glass ionomer cements (GICs) and composites. They set through both light-activated polymerization and a slower acid-base reaction between carboxyl groups and glass filler ions. This gives compomers fluoride release capabilities from the glass ionomer component and durability from the composite resin component. Compomers are easy to use, esthetic materials suitable for various restorative applications like sealants, liners/bases, and class III/V restorations. However, they have less fluoride release than GICs and less strength than composites.
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting restorative materials. It outlines various materials like amalgam, glass ionomers, composites, indirect composites, and ceramics. Key factors that influence material selection include the location and size of the lesion, strength of remaining tooth structure, occlusal forces, and esthetics. Materials have advantages like strength, adhesion, and esthetics but also disadvantages like brittleness and technique sensitivity. A thorough understanding of materials and consideration of all factors is important for selecting the best material for each clinical situation.
This document provides information about various luting cements used in dentistry. It focuses on zinc phosphate cement, discussing its composition, setting reaction, properties and applications. The key points are:
1. Zinc phosphate cement is the oldest luting agent and consists of a powder made primarily of zinc oxide and a liquid of phosphoric acid. The acid reacts with zinc oxide to form zinc phosphate during setting.
2. It has a working time of 1.5-2 minutes and setting time of 2.5-8 minutes. Its compressive strength is 104MPa and it bonds mechanically rather than chemically.
3. Zinc phosphate cement is used for cementing permanent restorations
Composite Resin Luting cements (2nd edition) presentation powerpoint
A type of dental cement
Used for cementation of indirect restorations & brackets
A summary of five textbooks
This document provides an overview of surveying and surveying tools used in the process of designing removable partial dentures (RPDs). It discusses the history and development of surveying, types of surveyors, principles of surveying including survey lines and path of insertion. The document outlines the step-by-step survey process including orienting the cast, tilting, marking survey lines, measuring undercuts, identifying interferences, and tripoding the cast for future reference. Various surveying tools such as the analyzing rod, carbon marker, undercut gauges, and wax trimmers are also described.
Lect. 3th stage tooth color restoration-composite -20181Amir Hamde
The document summarizes tooth color restorations (composite fillings). It discusses the history and development of composite materials from silicates in the 1870s to modern nanofill composites. Composite is made of an organic resin matrix and inorganic filler particles. The resin is usually bis-GMA and the filler is glass or silica coupled together with silane. Composite provides strength and aesthetics but also has disadvantages like polymerization shrinkage. Proper placement technique helps maximize strengths and minimize risks.
Lect. 3th stage tooth color restoration-composite part 2-20181Amir Hamde
The document discusses tooth color restorations and composite materials. It provides a history of composite development beginning in 1871 with silicates and progressing to modern nanofill composites. Key components of composites include the resin matrix such as Bis-GMA, filler particles, and silane coupling agents. Ideal properties and composition of composites are outlined. Steps for placing composites are summarized, including isolation, etching, bonding, and layering/curing techniques. Sources of polymerization shrinkage and methods to reduce it are also described.
This document discusses the evolution and composition of dental resin composites. It describes how silicates were initially used but were replaced by acrylic resins and then dental composites due to improvements in mechanical properties, reduction in shrinkage, and increased resistance to wear. The key components of composites are the resin matrix, filler particles, and coupling agent. Various types of fillers and their properties are outlined. Composites are classified based on filler size and different applications are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of traditional, small particle, and microfilled composites are also summarized.
Composite resins1/ rotary endodontic courses by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Composites in dentistry /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document provides an overview of composite resin materials used in dental restorations. It defines composite resin as a compound of two or more materials with superior properties to the individual components. Composite resins are classified based on filler size, percentage, resin type, viscosity, and curing method. The document outlines the composition of composite resins including resin matrix, filler particles, coupling agents, and initiators. It discusses advantages like esthetics and disadvantages like polymerization shrinkage. Properties like coefficient of thermal expansion, wear resistance, water absorption, and mechanical properties are also covered.
This document discusses dental composites, which are used for dental restorations. It describes the components of composites, including the matrix, fillers, and coupling agents. It explains the types of fillers and their purposes. It also discusses the different types of composites based on particle size, including microfilled, small-particle filled, hybrid, packable, and flowable composites. The document outlines the polymerization process and classifications of composites according to curing system and particle size. Advantages and applications of composites are provided. Considerations for bonding composites to enamel and dentin are also summarized.
Orthodontic resins /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
this presentation includes details about composite resins which are tooth colored filling materials used in dentistry. it also includes various recent advances in this field.
This document provides an overview of composite resins, including:
1. Definitions, classifications, compositions, and recent advances in composite resins such as ceromers, compomers, and fiber-reinforced composites.
2. The resin matrix phase includes monomers like Bis-GMA and fillers like quartz, borosilicate glass, and ceramic particles.
3. Coupling agents are used to attach the inorganic filler particles to the resin matrix phase to improve the mechanical properties of composite resins.
RECENT ADVANCES AND DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPOSITE DENTAL RESTORATIVE [Autosaved]....nupur239418
Recent advances in dental composite materials can be summarized as follows:
1. Composites have evolved from macrofilled to microhybrid and nanohybrid formulations with smaller filler particles for improved esthetics, polishability and mechanical properties.
2. New low-shrinkage silorane and flowable composites were developed to reduce polymerization shrinkage and improve adaptability to tooth structure.
3. Packable composites with elongated fillers were introduced for posterior restorations to resist slumping during placement.
This document provides an overview of dental composites, including their chemistry, materials, filler types, bonding agents, curing methods, classifications, and clinical applications and techniques. Key points include:
- Dental composites consist of a resin matrix and filler materials, along with coupling agents to bond resin to fillers. They are polymerized through heat, chemical, or photochemical initiation.
- Fillers improve physical properties but characteristics depend on filler type, size, shape, and load. Larger and smaller filler particles reduce shrinkage.
- Bonding agents like silanes chemically coat fillers to improve strength, but can degrade with moisture.
- Composites are classified by initiation method
This document provides an overview of dental composite materials. It begins with an introduction and then discusses the history, definitions, indications, advantages, disadvantages, and classifications of composites. It describes the composition of composites including the resin matrix, inorganic fillers, and coupling agents. Different types of composites are explained such as traditional composites, small particle composites, microfilled composites, hybrid composites, and nanofilled composites. Recent advances like flowable composites, packable composites, antibacterial composites, nanocomposites, ormocers, compomers, and smart composites are also summarized.
Dental composite resins have evolved significantly since their introduction in the 1960s. Early composites had large filler particles and exhibited high polymerization shrinkage, discoloration, and poor mechanical properties. Researchers developed smaller filler particles and introduced resin chemistry modifications to improve properties. Current composites include microfilled, microhybrid, and nanofilled types. While composites can provide esthetic posterior restorations, clinicians must take care with technique and moisture control for success. Composite properties continue advancing, but their performance still depends greatly on the skills and care of the applying dentist.
This document discusses the classification, composition, properties, and uses of direct composite restorations for class III, IV, and V cavities. It describes the different types of composites including conventional, microfilled, hybrid, flowable, and packable composites. The key differences between these types relate to their filler particle size, filler loading, viscosity, and resulting mechanical properties. Hybrid composites are now predominantly used due to their balance of esthetics, strength, and universal applicability in moderate stress restorations.
Composite resin is a combination of two or more chemically different materials that results in properties superior to the individual components. It consists of a resin matrix and filler materials. Over time, developments have included the introduction of silane coupling agents, light-cured composites, microfilled composites, and nanofilled composites. Composites are classified based on properties such as filler size and distribution, polymerization method, presentation, consistency, and intended use. Proper use of composites for dental restorations requires understanding of factors like smile design, tooth color, shape, and position.
Orthodontic adhesives have progressed through five generations, moving from unfilled acrylic resins to modern light-cured resin composites. First generation adhesives were unfilled poly(methyl methacrylate) that caused enamel damage. Second generation used UV light activation but had radiation hazards. Third generation introduced two-paste filler systems like Concise. Fourth generation were "no-mix" but had inhomogeneous curing. Current fifth generation utilize visible light curing for safer, deeper curing without diminishing over time.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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5. 1962 – Bis-GMA
◦ stronger resin
1969 – filled composite resin
◦ improved mechanical properties
◦ less shrinkage
◦ paste/paste system
1970’s – acid etching and microfills
1980’s – light curing and hybrids
1990’s – flowables and packables
2000’s – nanofills
6. 6
Stephen C. Bayne,Professor and Chair Dept of Cariology, Rest Sciences, & Endo
School of Dentistry,University of Michigan Ann Arbor,
7. Ideal Requirements:
1. It should match the tooth in color, translucency and refractive index.
2. It should not stain or discolor by time.
3. It should not be irritant to the pulp or to the gingiva.
4. It should not dissolve in saliva or in fluids taken into the mouth.
5. It should have adequate mechanical properties to withstand the forces
of mastication:
A. It should have strength and modulus of elasticity similar to those of
enamel and dentin.
B. Good abrasion resistance to dentifrices and constituents of food.
8. 1. It should have similar coefficient of thermal expansion to that of enamel
and dentin.
2. It should undergo minimal dimensional changes on setting.
3. It should take and retain a smooth surface finish.
4. It should be radiopaque to enable detection of secondary caries,
identification of overhanging ledges and detection of incompletely filled
cavities.
5. Ideally, adhesion between the filling material, enamel and dentin
should occur.
Ideal Requirements:
9. Filled Resin
Composite filling material
A composite
is a combination of two or more chemically different materials with a
distinct interface separating the components and having properties which
could not be achieved by any of the components alone.
10. Composition:
1. Coupling agent which binds the inorganic fillers to the organic matrix.
2. Inorganic filler phase.
3. Organic matrix phase.
4. Initiator activator systems.
5. Other components
A. Inhibitors .
B. Ultraviolet stabilizers.
C. Pigments.
12. Monomers: Binds filler particles together Provides “workability”
1- Bis-GMA
extremely viscous
large benzene rings
2- Lowered by adding TEGDMA:
freely movable, increases polymer conversion, increases crosslinking ,
increases shrinkage
3-Ring-opening monomers:
were developed to reduce or overcome the polymerization
shrinkage of resin-based composites. Most recently, oxiranes and
siloranes (a combination of siloxanes and oxiranes) are being
discussed more and more, with a siloran-based product being
marketed at present.
13. 13
Resin-based composites release residual monomers (and other
substances) because of a conversion rate of 35–77%. Released
compounds can directly cause biological reactions. Polymerization
shrinkage is a material property that may indirectly influence the
tissue compatibility .
This volume change may cause marginal gaps that may allow
penetration of bacteria with subsequent pulpitis. Shrinkage of modern
filling resins generally ranges between 2 vol.% and 3 vol.% .
15. 1- Organic matrix phase
a) MW Oligomer :
Either Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BIS-GMA), Bowen's resin, or urethane
dimethacrylates (UDMA). In some products mixture of the two oligomers is
present.
Oligomers are superior to methyl methacrylate monomers by:
Lower polymerization shrinkage (due to higher molecular size and less
double bond available).
Lower volatility ( Due to its chemical structure)
More rapid hardening
Production of stiffer and stronger resin due to higher molecular weight and
more cross - linkage
16. Advantages of UDM over BIS-GMA:
1. Lower viscosity.
2. Lower water sorption.
3. Greater toughness.
4. Greater susceptibility to visible light curing.
Oligomers contain reactive carbon double bonds at each end → free radical
addition polymerization → rigid cross-linked polymer.
These oligomers are viscous and the incorporation of the inorganic fillers is
difficult.
The viscosity is reduced to a useful clinical level by the addition of lower
molecular weight monomers called diluents.
17. b- Low MW Monomer (Diluent)
diethylene glycol dimethacrylate or trietheylene glycol
dimethacrylate:
A. Reduce the viscosity of the material to enable proper blending
with the inorganic constituents.
B. Facilitate clinical manipulation.
20. • Coupling agents:
what happens if bond between resin and filler is weak:
• The material would be weak and susceptible to creep and
fracture and
• The interface between filler and resin will be a source of
fracture, stress will not be distributed properly.
• Silane coupling agents:
has a hydrophobic end (methacrylate group) to bind the resin and a
hydrophilic end (OH- group) to bind glass fillers
20
21. • Silanes have disadvantages. They age quickly in a bottle and
become ineffective. Silanes are sensitive to water so the silane
filler bond breaks down with moisture.
• Water absorbed into composites results in hydrolysis of the silane
bond and eventual filler loss.
21
22. 2. Silorane(2000)
Oxirane + Siloxane
Light Decompose CQ Radicals Activate Electron Donor
Decompose Iodonium Salt
Generate
Acidic CATION
Open
Oxirane
Ring
23. Advantages of silorane-based composite :
1. Low polymerization shrinkage.
2. Lowest polymerization stress.
3. Lowest cusp displacement.
4. Higher bond strength.
5. Lowest water sorption and very low tendency for exogenous staining.
6. Increased compressive and flexural strength.
7. Stable and insoluble in biological fluids.
24. 3. Bio-active restorative materials with antibacterial monomer
A. Antibacterial monomer MDPB (methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinim bromide) is a
polymerizable bactericide, which is immobilized after the resinous materials are
cured.
B. Cured resins containing MDPB inhibit the growth of bacteria on their surface, thereby
acting as a so-called “contact inhibitor” against actinomyces and Candida albicans.
25. 4. Self adhesive flowable composite(2009)
UDMA,
+
HEMA
+
4-META
Nano-sized
amorphous silica
+
Silane treated
bariumborosilicate
glass fillers.
The negatively charged carboxylic acid groups of the methacrylate monomers + the mineral ions in
the tooth structure neutralize carboxylic acid groups monomers polymerized incorporated
into the dentin surface dentin bonding and sealing ability.
26. Advantages of self-adhesive flowable composite:
A. Increased productivity by reducing the time, steps and materials needed.
B. Seals dentin reduced sensitivity.
C. Versatile.
D. Self adhesive.
27. 2- Inorganic (reinforcing) Fillers
1. Improvement in mechanical properties (must be in high concentration) to
achieve good mechanical properties.
2. Reduction in coefficient of thermal expansion.
3. Glass is able to reflect the color of the surrounding tooth material so the filler
contributes to the aesthetics. The refractive index should match that of the organic matrix to
secure translucency.
4. Reduction in the polymerization shrinkage.
5. Less heat evolved in polymerization.
6. The composite is radiopaque if barium or strontium glasses are used.
28. Filler particle size and properties:
Historically, (conventional large 20-30m).
The disadvantage of conventional composites are:
i. Discoloration and staining tendencies
ii. Difficulty in finishing and polishing such composites.
Current composites are:
1-Fine composites: with smaller filler particles (0.5-3m).
Good mechanical properties and can be finished and polished
2-Microfine composites: (0.04-0.2m).
i. Perfect surface quality → lustrous surfaces on finishing.
ii. But poor mechanical properties.
3-Blend (hybrid) composites:
Containing mixture of fine and microfine fillers.
i. High mechanical properties as fine composites and
ii. Perfect surface finish as microfine composites.
29. Nano filled composites: (60-70%)
Containing nano sized particles (20-75
i. High translucency, finish and polish.
ii. Lower polymerization shrinkage.
iii. Higher depth of curing.
iv. High mechanical properties as hybrid c.t
v. Excellent handling properties Excellent.
30. 3- Coupling agent
Vinyl silane compound:
Two functional groups, an inorganic group that react with the filler and an
organic group that react with the organic matrix; the filler and
matrix are coupled.
31. Role of a coupling agent:
i. Improves the mechanical properties of composite by transferring the
stresses from the weak resin to the stronger filler.
ii. Reduces early loss of the filler particles caused by penetration of water
between the resin and filler.
32. 4- Initiator activator systems
Chemical or Light activation
Historically
Ultra Violet Light Activation:
i. Limited depth of polymerization than the visible light.
ii. Potential harmful effects such as skin cancer and eye damage.
33. Depth of cure is dependent on several variables such as:
i. The light source e.g. a new bulb would give the highest intensity.
ii. The distance between source and composite resin surface (note that light
intensity varies as the inverse square of the distance).
iii. The time of exposure.
iv. The initiator system absorption characteristics.
With the development of light sources of
improved intensity at least a 2 mm depth of
material polymerized in 20 seconds.
34. Avoid unpolymerized material in the base of cavities or undercuts. Therefore,
directing the light from both sides of an anterior restoration or building up by
layers may be advisable.
Composite resin which is not fully polymerized will show:
i. Reduced mechanical properties.
ii. Poorer color stability and greater susceptibility to stain.
35. 5- Polymerization inhibitors:
Hydroquinone: Avoid polymerization on storage, an inhibitor is necessary to prevent
hardening on storage.
6- Ultraviolet stabilizers +fluorescent agent:
i. Absorb electromagnetic radiation.
ii. Improve color stability.
36. 36
A-Based on Curing type
1-Chimical Cure
2-Visible Light Cure
3-Duable Cure
Classification System
37. Classification of composite:
a- According to particles size, shape &distribution:
Properties% by weight
of filler
Particles
size
Composite
type
Good mechanical properties
Lowest aesthetics
78 %20 – 30
µm
Macro-
filled
composite
Better mechanical properties
Higher aesthetics
70 – 86 %0.5 – 3
µm
Fine-filled
composite
38. Properties% by weight
of filler
Particles
size
Composite
type
Least mechanical
properties
Best aesthetics
25 – 63 %0.04 - 0.2
µm
Microfilled
composite
Best mechanical
properties
Good aesthetics
77 - 88 %3 - 0.04
µm
hybrid
composite
a- According to particles size, shape &distribution:
Classification of composite:
The highest mechanical
properties
Best aesthetics
2 - 75 nmNanofilled
Composite
39.
40. What is Nanoscale
1.27 × 107 m ww.mathworks.com
0.22 m 0.7 × 10-9 m
Fullerenes C60
12,756 Km 22 cm 0.7 nm
10 millions times
smaller
1 billion times
smaller
www.physics.ucr.edu
42. The following chart will give our audience
some idea of scales and nanoscales.
One can visualize the scale from tennis
ball, a period(.), and virus.
43. 43
Midi- filler -
2 um
(beachball)
Mini -filler -
0.6 um
(canteloupe)
Nanofiller -
.02 um (pea)
Microfiller -
.04 um
(marble)
Relative Particle Sizes
44. b- According to methods of Activation:
• Chemically cured composite
• Light cured composite
• Dual cured composite
46. 7- Esthetic and optical properties:
Composite materials are translucent materials which can match the color
of teeth and have good aesthetics.
The materials can be radiopaque by the addition of glasses having high
atomic numbers such as barium, strontium and zirconium. Radiopacity helps
in diagnosis.
Abrasive wear may lead to surface roughness of the material, because the
polymer phase wears more rapidly than harder ceramic fillers. This may lead
to discoloration with time. However, micro fine and hybrid types can take
and retain smooth surface finish for long periods in the mouth.
Stress cracks within the polymer matrix and partial debonding of the fillers
as a result of hydrolysis tend to change the color.
48. 48
CFA: Contact free area wear.
Wear by food particles.
PCA: proximal contact area wear.
Wear by rubbing of tooth contact
interproximally.
Composite physical property
49. 49
OCA: occlusal contact area wear.
Wear by tooth contact in centric.
FCA: functional contact area wear.
Wear by sliding tooth contact in function.
Composite physical property
50. C-factor is…
• ratio between bonded and unbounded
surfaces
• an increase in this ratio results in increased
polymerization stress
-Three-dimensional cavity preparations (Class I) have the highest
(most unfavorable)
Composite physical property
52. Bonding and retention to tooth structure:
Bonding to enamel:
A. Bonding is obtained by mechanical retention to acid - etched enamel.
B. After acid etching and washing of enamel, bonding agent is applied to penetrate
sufficiently into the etched areas, to produce a good bond.
Bonding agents usually consist of BIS - GMA or UDMA systems that have been diluted to
lower molecular weight monomers to decrease the viscosity thus help penetration.
53. Bonding to dentin:
• Resin dentin bonding agents are now available, they are used like enamel bonding agents
to provide micromechanical retention resulting from good wetting and penetration of the
bonding agent into dentin.
• Bonding agents usually consist of a Bifunctional monomer with Hydrophilic groups to
improve wetting to dentin, Hydrophobic groups to polymerize with the composite. The
bond strength of composite to dentin is less than that for enamel.
• Recently single component bonding agents have been introduced to be used for both enamel
and dentin.
54.
55. Schematic representation of wedge-shaped composite increments (1-6) used to
build up the enamel proximal surface. F: Facial aspect. L: Lingual aspect.