A NEW ATTACK ON RSA WITH A COMPOSED DECRYPTION EXPONENTijcisjournal
In this paper, we consider an RSA modulus N=pq, where the prime factors p, q are of the same size. We
present an attack on RSA when the decryption exponent d is in the form d=Md1+d0 where M is a given
positive integer and d1 and d0 are two suitably small unknown integers. In 1999, Boneh and Durfee
presented an attack on RSA when
0.292 d < N . When d=Md1+d0, our attack enables one to overcome
Boneh and Durfee's bound and to factor the RSA modulus
A proposed assessment metrics for image steganographyijcisjournal
Data security has become an important problem in the communication systems. Steganography is used to
hide existence of a secret-message. In this article a modified Steganography algorithm will be proposed
depending on decomposition principle of both secret-message and cover-image. A fuzzification is
performed in the secret message to optimize the decomposed coefficients before embedding in the coverimage
to get a Stego Image. The well known metrics (Cor., MSE, PSNR, and Entropy) were used to
evaluate the modified algorithm. Also, a trade-off factor was introduced to determine an optimum value for
the embedding strength factor to get an acceptable degradation. Moreover to evaluate and assess the
modified algorithm and any Steganography algorithms, a new histogram metrics are proposed which
represents the relative frequency occurrence of the various images.
A NEW ATTACK ON RSA WITH A COMPOSED DECRYPTION EXPONENTijcisjournal
In this paper, we consider an RSA modulus N=pq, where the prime factors p, q are of the same size. We
present an attack on RSA when the decryption exponent d is in the form d=Md1+d0 where M is a given
positive integer and d1 and d0 are two suitably small unknown integers. In 1999, Boneh and Durfee
presented an attack on RSA when
0.292 d < N . When d=Md1+d0, our attack enables one to overcome
Boneh and Durfee's bound and to factor the RSA modulus
A proposed assessment metrics for image steganographyijcisjournal
Data security has become an important problem in the communication systems. Steganography is used to
hide existence of a secret-message. In this article a modified Steganography algorithm will be proposed
depending on decomposition principle of both secret-message and cover-image. A fuzzification is
performed in the secret message to optimize the decomposed coefficients before embedding in the coverimage
to get a Stego Image. The well known metrics (Cor., MSE, PSNR, and Entropy) were used to
evaluate the modified algorithm. Also, a trade-off factor was introduced to determine an optimum value for
the embedding strength factor to get an acceptable degradation. Moreover to evaluate and assess the
modified algorithm and any Steganography algorithms, a new histogram metrics are proposed which
represents the relative frequency occurrence of the various images.
Hardware Implementation of Algorithm for Cryptanalysisijcisjournal
Cryptanalysis of block ciphers involves massive computations which are independent of each other and can
be instantiated simultaneously so that the solution space is explored at a faster rate. With the advent of low
cost Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA’s), building special purpose hardware for computationally
intensive applications has now become possible. For this the Data Encryption Standard (DES) is used as a
proof of concept. This paper presents the design for Hardware implementation of DES cryptanalysis on
FPGA using exhaustive key search. Two architectures viz. Rolled and Unrolled DES architecture are compared
and based on experimental result the Rolled architecture is implemented on FPGA. The aim of this
work is to make cryptanalysis faster and better.
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...sameer shah
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
Yes of course, you can easily start mining pi network coin today and sell to legit pi vendors in the United States.
Here the what'sapp contact of my personal vendor.
+12349014282
#pi network #pi coins #legit #passive income
#US
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the what'sapp contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
+12349014282
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the what'sapp number.
+12349014282
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the what'sapp number of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Message: +12349014282 VIA Whatsapp.
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdfcoingabbar
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdf
TOL_2004_1st_qtr_report
1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
CORPORATE PROFILE
FIVE-YEAR PERFORMANCE OVERVIEW
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Toll Brothers (NYSE: TOL) is the nation’s leading Toll Brothers operates its own architectural,
(Unaudited)
$597.9 builder of luxury homes. A Fortune 1000 company, engineering, mortgage, title, land development and Three Months
$570.3
60 600 Toll Brothers was formed in 1967 and has been land sale, golf course development and management, Ended January 31
traded on the New York Stock Exchange since 1986. home security, landscape, cable TV and broadband
$50.1 Revenues: 2004 2003
$492.2
Internet access subsidiaries. Toll Brothers also
$475.3
The Company serves move-up, empty-nester, active- Housing sales $ 589,577 $ 557,886
$45.4
$44.5
48 480 maintains its own lumber distribution and house
adult and second-home buyers from 205 selling Land sales 5,987 9,434
component assembly and manufacturing operations.
$39.9
Equity earnings in unconsolidated entities 665 253
communities in 6 regions and 21 states: Arizona,
Interest and other 1,683 2,687
California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Toll Brothers is the only national home building
$344.6
36 360
597,912 570,260
Illinois, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Nevada, company to have won all three of the industry’s
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North highest honors: America’s Best Builder, the National Costs and expenses:
Housing sales 422,428 405,172
Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Housing Quality Award and Builder of the Year. For
$22.4
24 240 Land sales 5,303 7,614
Carolina, Texas, and Virginia. more information, visit www.tollbrothers.com.
Selling, general and administrative 76,653 65,623
Interest 14,558 16,041
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED Expenses related to early retirement of debt - 3,890
12 120
BALANCE SHEETS 518,942 498,340
Jan. 31, 2004 Oct. 31, 2003
(Amounts in thousands)
Income before income taxes 78,970 71,920
(Unaudited)
2000 2002 2003 2004
2001 2000 2002 2003 2004
2001 ASSETS
Income taxes 28,886 26,506
Cash and cash equivalents $ 245,623 $ 425,251
Net Income (in millions) Total Revenues (in millions) Net income $ 50,084 $ 45,414
Inventory 3,272,560 3,080,349
Three Months Ended January 31 Three Months Ended January 31
Property, construction and office equipment, net 44,756 43,711
Earnings per share:
$2,950
Receivables, prepaid expenses and other assets 119,631 113,633
1000 3000 Basic $ 0.68 $ 0.65
$904 Mortgage loans receivable 44,676 57,500
Diluted $ 0.62 $ 0.61
Customer deposits held in escrow 34,653 31,547
Investments in unconsolidated entities 64,976 35,400
Weighted average number of shares:
800 2400
$3,826,875 $3,787,391
Basic 73,839 70,407
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
$1,892 Diluted 80,819 74,308
$586 Liabilities:
600 1800
Housing Data
Loans payable $ 279,933 $ 281,697
$485 $1,421 $1,410
Senior notes 546,744 546,669
$448 (Three months ended January 31) 2004 2003
$392 Subordinated notes 620,000 620,000 Number of homes closed 1,085 1,036
$1,122
400 1200 Mortgage company warehouse loan 37,137 49,939 Sales value of homes closed (in 000’s) $ 589,600 $ 557,900
Customer deposits 197,782 176,710 Number of homes contracted* 1,517 1,066
Accounts payable 143,520 151,730 Sales value of homes contracted* (in 000’s) $ 904,400 $ 586,200
Accrued expenses 330,529 346,944 Number of homes in backlog* 5,094 3,387
200 600
Income taxes payable 122,032 137,074 Sales value of homes in backlog* (in 000’s) $2,949,900 $1,891,800
Total liabilities 2,277,677 2,310,763
*Contracts for the three-month period ended January 31, 2004 included $1.6 million (5 homes) from an unconsolidated 50% owned
2000 2002 2003 2004 2000 2002 2003 2004
2001 2001
Stockholders’ equity: joint venture. Contracts for the three-month period ended January 31, 2003 included $3.1 million (10 homes) from this joint
venture. Backlog as of January 31, 2004 and 2003 included $4.8 million (15 homes) and $7.8 million (25 homes), respectively,
Contracts (in millions) Backlog (in millions) Preferred stock, none issued
from this joint venture.
Common stock 770 770
Three Months Ended January 31 At January 31
Additional paid-in capital 202,317 190,596
Retained earnings 1,411,703 1,361,619
Treasury stock (65,592) (76,357)
Statement on Forward-looking Information
Total stockholders’ equity 1,549,198 1,476,628
Certain information included herein and in other Company reports, SEC filings, statements and presentations is forward-looking within the meaning of
$3,826,875 $3,787,391 the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including, but not limited to, statements concerning anticipated operating results, financial resources,
changes in revenues, changes in profitability, interest expense, growth and expansion, anticipated income from joint ventures and the Toll Brothers Realty
Toll Brothers, Inc. Corporate Office Trusts Group, the ability to acquire land, the ability to secure governmental approvals and the ability to open new communities, the ability to sell homes
3103 Philmont Avenue • Huntingdon Valley • PA 19006 and properties, the ability to deliver homes from backlog, the average delivered price of homes, the ability to secure materials and subcontractors, the ability
215-938-8000 • www.tollbrothers.com • NYSE – “TOL” to maintain the liquidity and capital necessary to expand and take advantage of future opportunities, and stock market valuations. Such forward-looking
information involves important risks and uncertainties that could significantly affect actual results and cause them to differ materially from expectations
Investor Relations expressed herein and in other Company reports, SEC filings, statements and presentations. These risks and uncertainties include local, regional and
national economic conditions, the demand for homes, domestic and international political events, uncertainties created by terrorist attacks, the effects of
Frederick N. Cooper, Vice President - Finance – 215-938-8312
governmental regulation, the competitive environment in which the Company operates, fluctuations in interest rates, changes in home prices, the
fcooper@tollbrothersinc.com availability and cost of land for future growth, the availability of capital, uncertainties and fluctuations in capital and securities markets, changes in tax laws
and their interpretation, legal proceedings, the availability of adequate insurance at reasonable cost, the ability of customers to finance the purchase of homes,
Joseph R. Sicree, Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer – 215-938-8045
the availability and cost of labor and materials, and weather conditions.
jsicree@tollbrothersinc.com MKT-622
2. Huntingdon Valley, PA 19006-4298
Ended January 31, 2004
For The Three Months
First Quarter Report
The Elkins Williamsburg at Kings Crossing at Bedford, Bedford, NH
1st Quarter Report
A LETTER TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS:
3103 Philmont Avenue
the delivery of homes and the start of
We are pleased to report record first
foundations in our Northeast,
quarter 2004 results for net income,
Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions.
revenues, contracts and backlog. Due
Since these homes are already sold –
to our diversification in the luxury
our buyers sign contracts (putting up a
move-up, golf club, lake club, empty-
substantial non-refundable deposit)
nester, active-adult, urban in-fill and
before we build – those homes that
high-rise niches and our record
don’t close in a particular quarter will
number of selling communities, we
close in the next quarter.
continue to benefit from the
tremendous demand for luxury new
As the number of affluent households
homes. Our first quarter contracts
continues to increase, demand for
were up 54% compared to last year.
luxury homes continues to grow.
Our record backlog was the highest
We now control over 51,000 home
for any quarter in our history, with at
sites in affluent areas nationwide,
least 20% growth in each of our six
many of which have significant
geographic regions; nearly all of our
supply constraints. These home sites
remaining fiscal 2004 deliveries are
represent a five- to six-year supply at
already in our pipeline. With ten to
our current pace of growth. With
twelve month backlogs at many of
our land position, the diversity of
our communities, we are already
niches we serve, and the strength of
signing contracts for homes to be
the luxury markets’ demographics,
delivered in the second quarter of
we believe we are on a path of
fiscal 2005. Therefore, we foresee
sustainable long-term growth.
record results and net income growth
of at least 20% in both fiscal 2004 and
We thank our shareholders, our
fiscal 2005.
home buyers, suppliers and
subcontractors for their support and
Our traffic and non-binding
our associates for their diligence and
reservation deposits, which are
perseverance in providing the highest
leading indicators of future contracts
quality service to our customers and
as well as revenues nine to twelve
our shareholders.
months in the future, were up over
50% gross and 35% on a same-store
(per community) basis in the past
twelve weeks compared to the same
Robert I. Toll Bruce E. Toll
period in fiscal 2003 and our February Chairman of the Board Vice Chairman
totals were the best for any February and Chief Executive Officer of the Board
since 1987. Clearly, luxury home
buyers have not been deterred by the
miserable weather in many of our Zvi Barzilay
markets over the past several months. President and Chief Operating Officer
The weather has, however, delayed February 26, 2004