TOK Brain Powerpoint 2013
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The document discusses the human brain, including that it weighs about 3 pounds, contains around 30 billion neurons that connect via synapses in complex 3D patterns, and that our understanding of how the brain works is still limited. It notes that the brain is highly complex, develops through neural Darwinism and experience, and allows for perception, inference, creativity, and language through patterns and predictions rather than operating like a computer.
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1. The document discusses the complexity of the human brain and mind, noting that all of our thoughts, memories, skills, and personality are contained within 3 pounds of brain tissue.
2. It describes how the brain has over 86 billion neurons and glial cells that are constantly firing in complex patterns, facilitated by neurotransmitters, to produce our thoughts, behaviors, and sense of self.
3. While neuroscience has made advances, the brain remains the most complicated structure known and how it produces consciousness is still not fully understood. The development and plasticity of the brain throughout life is influenced by both nature and nurture.
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- Positive emotions during learning produce endorphins and dopamine that aid memory formation, while negative emotions produce stress hormones.
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Pigs and dolphins are highly intelligent animals. Pigs can be housebroken and taught tricks like fetching. They have excellent memories and live in complex social groups. Dolphins have large, complex brains and communicate with each other. Both pigs and dolphins show signs of empathy, problem-solving skills, and self-awareness. Research indicates their intelligence may be comparable to dogs and primates.
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3. Activities are suggested including testing whether someone is a supertaster using blue food coloring, delivering a speech on salt and sugar needs, and conducting a blindfolded taste experiment.
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for the longest time, debating the nature of consciousness was the exclusive purview of philosophers. But recently a shift has taken place: scientists are getting into the game.
Understandably, if science is to be at the cutting edge, it has to be about questions that no one is
willing to ask. Has the nature of consciousness finally shifted from a philosophical question to a
scientific one that can be solved by doing experiments?
This presentation explores the eternal mystery of consciousness and soul with reference to
various scientific disciplines like molecular biology, chemistry, neurobiology, quantum
physics, and artificial intelligence. It examines whether consciousness is binary or on a
gradation scale, and to what degree one becomes conscious. It explores materialism
theory and its limitations, as well as Donald Hoffman’s paper suggesting that we may be
thinking about it backward—that consciousness is fundamental to the universe and gives rise to the physical world and not the other way around. It examines the promises and limitations of panpsychism, a set of theories that believe that consciousness is an intrinsic property of all matter and experiments on plant consciousness. As we attempt to
answer the second most important unanswered question of science, can we also answer
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The purpose of this presentation is to challenge and shake up our intuitions about consciousness and to explore the subject by questioning, observing, and wondering, and NOT concluding.
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How mental activity sculpts neural structure; the benefits and pitfalls of integrating neuroscience and psychotherapy; the neural substrates of self-compassion; and how to activate the lateral networks of mindful awareness.
More resources, freely offered at http://www.rickhanson.net
CEREBRAL CORTEX IN HUMAN BRAIN
Different animal species have many structures in common, including a cerebellum and cortex.
The cortex is much larger in mammals than in species that evolved earlier, such as fish and amphibians.
The cross section of the human brain shows how the cerebral cortex has developed around and above more primitive brain structures. Localization—notion that different functions are located in different areas of the brainLateralization—notion that different functions are processed primarily on one side of the brain or the other
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- 1. THE BRAIN
- 2. All your…
- 10. • 3 pounds of squidgy, whitish, buttery gloop…. cytoplasm • 1500ml • 3 times bigger than any ape or Australopithecus
- 12. • 30 billion neurons (fire in patterns) Each with about 5000 dendrites; synaptic connections in 3d space WE DO NOT HAVE A CONVINCING OVERARCHING THEORY FOR HOW IT WORKS YET
- 14. Mind on the hoof: 4Fs
- 15. Embedded …in a specific culture
- 17. Ultraviolet
- 18. Olfactory
- 19. Tactile
- 20. Infra red
- 22. •What is it like to be a bat?
- 23. subsonic sound
- 24. Color Vision
- 25. Psychedelic Umwelt of hyperspectral color and polarized light
- 39. Language and social learning
- 41. 7. “My second favorite organ”
- 42. • 30 billion neurons (fire in patterns) Each with about 5000 dendrites synaptic connections in 3d space WE DO NOT HAVE A CONVINCING OVERARCHING THEORY FOR HOW IT WORKS YET
- 44. Synapse
- 45. Interesting bits
- 47. Sensory
- 49. Dinner napkin cerebral cortex
- 50. Cerebral cortex
- 51. ?
- 52. ?
- 53. Neuroscience—a golden age • Like ocean unchartered territory
- 54. Baby brain Twice the number of neurons! Very few connections
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- 58. Selection 1. More connections produced than needed 2. Competing for limited nutients and O2 3. Neurons that fire together wire together 4. Use or lose… brain constructs itself by the logic of evolution and embryology; not analogous to a manufactured computer • 600 phonemes at birth • 45 per language
- 59. Active Perception • Fuzzy input-degeneracy
- 60. Mind on the hoof: 4Fs
- 61. INFERENCE MACHINE • What if? • Living in the subjunctive tense? • Scientific method: wet-wired? • Curiosity/Creativity? • Making it up as we go along (on the fly)? • Who do we think we are?
- 64. Adolescent brain
- 67. TAKE HOMES • 1. Embodied and embedded • 2. Construct self (brain) based on experience Neural Darwinism • 3. Neuroscience in infancy (excited about new discoveries) • 4. The brain is not a computer WHY? • 5. Spotting patterns/makes predictions/fuzzy metaphor and language precedes logic
- 68. ONLY ONCE IN THE WORLD… • We are only once in the world, thrown into a situation that we have not chosen. Randomly tossed into a specific period and place. We do choose our particular geographic, historic, linguistic, cultural or socio-economic backdrop. We are left in the lurch, so to speak, only to do our utmost, with the hand dealt, during a finite span between the contingency of birth, and the certainty of death.
- 70. It will be short. The Interim is mine; And a man’s life no more than to say ‘one.’ Shakespeare: Hamlet. (V.2. 73-75)