2. Pigs are highly intelligent
• Like dogs, pigs can easily be housebroken, taught to fetch, clean up after themselves and come to
heel. They can learn to dance, race, pull carts, and sniff out landmines.
• They can even be taught to play video games. Pigs will push a joystick with their snouts, aiming
for an intended object on the screen. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dFwx95ufEk)
•Olfactory senses are their greatest senses; can tell individuals apart as well as when one is
aroused or ready or reproduction
3. Pigs
• Have excellent long-term memories
• Love to play and engage in mock fighting with each other
• Can tell humans and other pigs apart through certain facial features
• Are masters when it comes to things like mazes and other tests requiring location of objects
• Can comprehend a simple symbolic language and can learn complex combinations of symbols for actions and
objects
• Live in complex social communities where they keep track of individuals and learn from one another; important
to their psychological health
• Can take into account the perspective of other individuals when in competition for food source
• Are able to exhibit empathy and respond to each other’s emotional states (ex: Nikki and Rose from Natural
History Magazine)
• Complex mentality that can create manipulative or deceitful behavior; theory of mind
• Have a sense of self, will make sure it is infact themselves they are looking at in a mirror
5. The Cortex and its Lobes
Frontal Lobe- associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement,
emotions, and problem solving
Parietal Lobe- associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of
stimuli
Occipital Lobe- associated with visual processing
Temporal Lobe- associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli,
memory, and speech
The pig cortex is the region of brain responsible for processing most of their conscious
behaviour
They have many of the same morphological features as humans, brains are quite large
and all of the cortical neurons appear to be fully developed at birth
However, mini pig's neurons have been proven to continue developing after birth
Increased prefrontal cortex - like some primates
Hippocampus- memory storage
7. Behavioral effects of environmental restrictions
•A study showed that pigs in crates that were just wide enough to allow turning around at a flared end, turned
around 11 to 12 times per day. Even animals which did not have to turn around for feed or water turned around
about the same number times as did those which had to do so. This is pretty good evidence of the pig's need for a
certain level of physical activity.
•Pigs reared in indoor pens with minimal contact with people were more difficult to load into a trailer than those
reared outside with frequent contact with people
•Providing enrichment may help prevent changes in the central nervous system which lead to hyperexcitability
and stereotyped behavior
•Some observations of pigs living in indoor pens indicates that they often exhibit a startled reaction to door
slamming or other disturbances. Farmers have learned that playing a radio with a variety of music and talk
reduces pigs' reactivity to various sounds.
8. Dolphins
• Have complex social structures
• Sophisticated capacity for social imitation
• Recognize objects through vision and echolocation
• Exhibit problem-solving qualities
• Communicate with each other; super playful
• May be the closest in comparison to human intelligence
• May be able to use hemispheres of brain separately
• Engage in imitation flexibly and purposefully- can easily be trained
• The second most powerful and complex brain in animals
• Degree to which cerebral cortex (consciousness) is folded- appears to measure intelligence
• Some researchers suggest size and complexity of the brain when born is a better measure of intelligence
• Dolphins in captivity may respond differently to research than wild dolphins, but the research itself is very expensive
9. • An appropriate IQ test to measure dolphin intelligence
does not exist.
• Determining the measure of relative brain size defined as
the ratio between actual brain mass and predicted brain
mass for an animal of a given size
---- This is called the "encephalization quotient", or EQ. The
higher the number, the greater the intelligence.
• The human EQ is 7.0.
• The dolphin's is 4.2, the closest EQ ratio to the human than
any other animal.
• The more folded the cortex, the more room within the
brain to house additional neurons
• This allows the brain to process information. This is also a
measure of intelligence
• The only animal to have a more folded cortex than man is
the dolphin
• They can remember experiences and learn concepts
• Sight and sound are their strengths
Hippocampus- memory
Cortex- thoughts and action
Limbic system- “emotional brain”
10. • The dolphin brain is split into four lobes instead of three.
• The fourth lobe hosts all of the senses, whereas in a human, the senses are split.
• Some researchers believe that having all of the senses in one lobe allows dolphins to make immediate and often
complicated judgments that are well beyond the ability of a human
• Dolphins are also able to move their eyes independently. This has lead some researchers to suggest that the dolphin
may actually be able to sleep with one side of it’s brain at a time
• The bottlenose dolphin has a brain mass at birth that is 42.5% of that of an adult human brain mass . Humans at birth
have 25%
• At 18 months, the brain mass of the bottlenose dolphin is 80% of the adult human. Humans usually don’t achieve this
level until the age of three or four.
12. Dolphin intelligence very similar to that of a pig’s
• Dolphins are also capable of mimicry, manipulative behaviors, and are extremely playful
• Dan recognize themselves in mirrors, like pigs can
• Live in social groups- cooperate with one another
• They are aware of their own behaviors and can repeat a behavior if desired by a trainer- will choose humans
they like
• Do very well with object location exercises
• Are aware of themselves
• Good at problem solving and creating solutions
• Have more abstract thoughts
• Can learn through observing
