To create a Modern Layout for Prescription, OTC, Medical devices and Surgical

Progress Report
On
“To Create a Morden Layout for Prescription, OTC,
Medical devices and Surgical Dressings”
Subject: Project Work (BP813PP)
Name: Patel Harshkumar Kamleshbhai
Enrolment No.:182283290013
Mentor and Guided By: Dr.Yamini D. Shah
Head of Department, Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology
L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad
(2020)

Title: Subject Code:
BP813PP
Progress Report on Project work (Enrolment
No.:182283290013)
Page 2 of 33
Index
Sr. No. Title
1 Introduction
1.1 Types Of Layout Design
1.2 Objectives Of Ideal Layout Design
1.3 Physical Facility
1.4 Style Of Layout Designs
2 Types Of A Drug Store
2.1 Importance Of Coding And Stocking
3 Types Of Pharmacies
3.1 Retail Pharmacy
3.1.1 Drugs
3.1.2 OTC Drug
3.1.3 Cosmetic
3.1.4 Nutritional Products
3.1.5 Surgical Products
3.1.6 Medical Devices
3.2 Hospital Pharmacy
3.3 Mail Order Pharmacy
3.4 Compounding Pharmacy
4 Prescription
5 Reference

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List of Figures
Fig No. Title
Fig 1 Types Of Layout Design
Fig 2 Grid Layout
Fig 3 Free Flow Layout
Fig 4 Retail Pharmacy
Fig 5 Stethoscopes
Fig 6 Pulse Oximeter
Fig 7 Steam Inhaler
Fig 8 Blood Glucose Monitor
Fig 9 Sphygmomanometers
Fig 10 Digital Weight Machine
Fig 11 Thermometer
Fig 12 First Aid Kit
Fig 13 Hospital Pharmacy
Fig 14 Prescription
List of Abbreviation
Sr. No. Short Form Full Form
1. OTC Over the counter
2 COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad Page 4 of 33
Introduction
 Pharmacy is the clinical health science that links medical
science with chemistry and it is charged with the discovery,
production, disposal, safe and effective use, and control of
medications and drugs.
 What is layout and its importance?
 An arrangement or a plan, especially the schematic
arrangement of parts or areas.
 Importance
 It plays significant role in the development of the customers
perception which have a positive impact on its sale
potential.
 Types of layout design
 There are three type of layout design
1. Clerk or personal service
2. Self selection
3. Self service
1) Clerk or personal service
 Exposure of product is less prescribed drugs
 Maximum interaction between consumer and the
pharmacy personnel
2) Self selection

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 Consumer may see handle and select items
 For nutritional supplements cosmetic, contraceptive, OTC
drugs.
3) Self service
 Minimum Clerk service
 Maximum exposure of product to costumers
 Not 100% self service
 Objectives of ideal layout design:
i. To attract a large number of customers
ii. To increase the sales of the store
iii. To reduce the selling expenses to the minimum
iv. To provide customer satisfaction

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v. Have adequate space for reserve stock, office and resting
space
vi. To have proper entrance for the newly arrived goods
vii. To project a professional image and improve general
appearance
viii. To minimize the movement of the customers in the premises
of the pharmacy
 Physical facility :
 Administrative office
 Bulk storage
 Narcotic or dangerous drug locker
 Manufacturing and repackaging
 Intravenous solution compounding
 Inpatient dispensing
 Outpatient dispensing In case of Hospital Pharmacy
 Medicine information resource centre

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 Emergency medicine storage
 Style of layout designs
 There are two type of layout style
I. Grid Layout
 Products are displayed in straight and parallel lines.
 Advantages:
o More Product Exposure
o Possibility of self service
o Familiarity with product that can be needed in future
o Simplied, Security, Minimum pilferage
o Maximum utilization of available space

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II. Free Flow layout
 Fixture are irregularly shaped such as circles arches and
triangle.
 Advantages:
 Allowance for browsing and wandering freely
 Increased impulse purchases
 Visual appeal and Flexibility
 Disadvantages
 Loitering encouraged
 Possible confusion
 Waste of floor space and Costly

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 Types of a drug store:
On the basis of design, it is classified as:
1. Traditional Drug Stores:
 These types of drug stores are designed in such a manner
that the entire area of Drug store is exposed to customers.
 It provides opportunity for maximum sales but there are
good chances of theft in such design.
2. Personal Service Drug Stores:
 In this type of design, the whole of the area is not exposed
to the customer but the customer is required to interact
with the drug store personnel at the service counter.
 During the purchasing process the customer demands an
article and the personnel provide the articles.
 This service and design facilitates maximum interaction
between drug store employee and the customers.
 The success of the drug store depends upon the
convenience and friendly service of the personnel at the
service counter.
3. Prescription Oriented Drug Store:
 These types of drug stores provide a comfortable waiting
area where the customers are expected to wait while his
prescription is proceeding.
 In this type of design health related items, drugs and
prescription accessories are displayed in the vicinity while

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orthopedic and surgical appliances are kept in a separate
room.
 Cosmetics and gifts are arranged in a suitable area in the
store.
4. Pharmaceutical Centre:
 These types of centre sell medicines, convenience articles,
orthopedic and surgical appliances.
 The store has sufficient floor space and is properly
decorated.
5. Super Drug store:
 Such types of drug stores have a huge floor area ranging
from 5,000 to 10000 with a square design.
 The customers have access to all-most-all the area in the
drug store and can inspect, handle and select articles
themselves.
 The design is on self service pattern except for the
prescription department where self service is not possible
 IMPORTANCE OF CODING AND STOCKING
A. Importance of coding for drug store:
 Coding is the process of assigning code symbol or a number
to a particular material for easy identification.
 It is important for a drug store because;
1. Coding of various items of materials is essential for good
system of store keeping.

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2. Ambiguity in description is avoided.
3. The length in description is minimized.
4. The codes ensure of item lying in the store.
5. Each stored item is easily identified, particularly, where the
same item is known by more than one name.
B. Importance of stocking for drug store
1) Drugs are stored in alphabetical order.
2) It provides a channel for distribution of drugs.
3) It provides space for storage of drugs or materials and
supplies.
4) Drugs are readily available for administration.
5) Vaccine and antibiotic drugs are stored in refrigerator.
 Types of Pharmacies:
 A pharmacy technician plays a key role in helping people feel
better and stay healthy.
 It’s truly a profession with meaning and value for helping
society.
1) Retail pharmacy
 Pharmacies in retail stores are the most common and
visible places of employment for pharmacy technicians.
 Many grocery stores also have pharmacies nowadays.

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 Working in a retail pharmacy means working a retail
lifestyle, which includes being scheduled to work evenings
and weekends.
 Besides assisting pharmacists in preparing prescriptions,
you can expect to be asked questions about over-the-
counter medications, vitamins and supplements.
 Retail pharmacies are found in every region of the country
and in both big cities and small towns.

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 Retail pharmacy store present in Drugs, OTC (over the
counter), Cosmetics, Nutritional products, Surgical items
and Medical devices.
 Drugs : All medicines for internal or external use of human
beings or animals and used for or in the diagnosis,
treatment, mitigation or prevention of any disease or
discords in human beings or animals including preparations
applied on human body for the purpose of repelling
inspects like mosquitoes.
Many times medicine is found such as….
 Anaesthetics, preoperative medicines & medical gases
 Anticonvulsant / Antiepileptic medicines
 Anti-Infective Medicines
 Antibiotics medicines
 Anti-tuberculosis Medicines
 Antiviral Medicines
 Anti malarial Medicines
 Anti migraine medications
 Cytotoxic & adjuvant medicines
 Hormones and anti hormones
 Anti-Platelet medicines
 Lipid lowering agent
 Antifungal medicines
 Antiulcer medicines
 Medicines used in diarrhea
 Oral hormonal contraceptives
 Medicines used in diabetes
 Diuretics medicines

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OTC DRUG:
 The term of over the counter medicine that can be directly
purchased without medical prescription.
 These are also as know as non-prescription drugs and self
medication.
 Examples include pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol),
and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), cough suppressants like
Dextromethorphan (Robitussin), antihistamines like loratadine
(Claritin24H).
 Ayurvedic medicines(traditional Indian medicines containing
natural/herbal ingredients) are also regulated by the DCA and
DCR. The top OTC brands of ayurvedic medicines in india such
as vick'svaprorub, Amrutanjan Balm, Zandu Balm, Iodex, Moov,
Pain cream, ItchGuard cream.
 Types of OTC medications
a) Analgesics :
 Analgesic drugs that relief pain.
 Example: Paracetamol, ibuprofen.
b) Antibiotics :
 Antibiotics agents that which are obtained microorganisms to
kill other microorganisms.
 Example: penicillin, cephalosporin etc...
c) Anti fungal :
 Anti fungal drugs that used to treat fungal infection
 Example: fluconazole, clotrimazole etc...
d) NSAIDS :

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 NSAIDS drugs are members of a drug class that reduces pain,
decreases fever, prevents blood clot, decreases inflammation.
 Example: aspirin
e) Antiseptics :
 Antiseptics drugs that used to treat or prevent microorganisms.
 Example: Hydrogen peroxide, Dettol
f) Antihistamines :
 Antihistamine drugs that are used for treating allergic reactions
and cold symptoms.
 Example: cetirizine
 Significance
 Comparatively cheaper
 Chemist himself may prescribe OTC medicine
 OTC drugs considered as time saving medication
 Consumers are able to:
Self diagnose
Self treat
Self manage
 Lesser number of side effects compared to prescription
medication
 Benefits of OTC drugs
 OTC medicine are preventing minor symptoms or condition
 Highfever,headache,indigestion,mouthulcer,nausea,cough,cold,
allergicreaction can be treated by OTC medication

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 Decreased frequency of visits to physicians, leading to lower
health care costs
 Improved education of consumers
 Decreased costs of third party players
 This is extremely useful for countries like India where the
doctor to patient ratio is less than other countries
 Increased autonomy of patient
 Side effects
 Dizziness
 Hallucinations
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Slurred speech
 Seizures
 Sleep problem
 Stomach irritation
 Confusion
 COSMETIC: Any article intended to be rubbed, poured,
sprinkled or sprayed on or introduced into or otherwise applied
to, the human body or any part thereof for cleansing,
beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the
appearance, and include any article intended for use as a
component of cosmetic.
List of cosmetic product present in drug store:
I. Tooth care products
II. Shampoo
III. Lipsticks

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IV. Cold creams
V. Vanishing cream
VI. Shaving creams
VII. Face care
VIII. Other new products be included
 Nutritional products
Nutritional products include products, which either supplement the
nutrition or provide part or all of the daily nutritional requirements.
They include intravenous or oral nutrition that can provide all the
nutrition.
Nutritional products also include supplements for example, iron and
other vitamins, minerals and electrolytes.
 Types of Nutritional products
intravenous nutritional products
 iron products
 minerals and electrolytes
 oral nutritional supplements
 vitamin and mineral combinations
 vitamins
 Surgical Products: Surgical Products are material used
for surgical to diagnosis, prevent or for the treatment
of disease or other injury conditions.
 List of surgical products present in drug store:
 Sutures and ligatures
 Adhesive tapes
 Surgical cotton
 Gauze

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 Bandages
 Syringes
 Nebulizers
 Medical & surgical gloves
 Urinary catheter
 Medical devices: A medical device is any device intended
to be used for medical purposes. Medical devices benefit
patients by helping health care providers diagnose and
treat patients and helping patients overcome sickness or
disease, improving their quality of life.
 Types of Diagnostic Medical Devices
1. Stethoscopes:
 Stethoscopes are probably the most recognizable of all
medical diagnostic tools.
 They are used to listen to heart sounds, the lungs, and
even blood flow in the arteries and veins.
 Stethoscopes are also used along with a
sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure.
 Electronic stethoscopes improve sound quality when
listening to the low-pitched heart sounds and the high-
pitched pulmonary sounds. They can be connected to a
computer to record and save the sounds.
 Stethoscopes help diagnose:
Pneumonia
Bronchitis

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Heart palpitations
Heart disease
Arrhythmia
Heart valve issues
2. Pulse Oximeter:
 A pulse oximeter is a small device that painlessly and
quickly measures your oxygen saturation level, or how
much oxygen is in the blood.
 These devices have a probe or sensor that looks like a
plastic bag clip and is placed onto your fingertip, toe, or
earlobe.
 A small screen on the probe displays a percentage, which
estimates how much blood oxygen is in your limbs (arms,
hands, legs, and feet) or other body parts.
 It’s light, small, works with the click of a button, and
has an automatic shutdown. The manufacturer claims
that this pulse oximeter can measure your blood
oxygen saturation level in about 8 seconds.

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 Pulse oximeter help diagnose:
 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
 asthma
 pneumonia
 lung cancer
 anemia
 heart attack or heart failure
 congenital heart defects
3. Steam Inhaler:
 Steam Inhaler is the type of medical device used in
home remedies for treating the cold, sinus infection
and nostril blockage.
 It includes the process of inhaling the water vapor of
hot water. As, the warm and moist air works in
loosening the mucus in the nasal passages, throat and
lungs.
 Even though it won’t cure the infection like cold and flu
completely, it will make the patient feel better while
fighting against the infection.

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 It is effective against sufferings like common cold,
influenza, sinus, bronchitis, respiratory allergies and
chest congestion.
4. Blood Glucose Monitor:
 If you have diabetes at home, then consider
getting a blood glucose monitor.
 This can also be used by prediabetics, as in
people who are on the verge of getting
diabetes.
 It helps track blood sugar levels, helps you
monitor your health status, and make
appropriate diet and lifestyle changes.
 It is recommended that you keep daily track of
your blood sugar levels and tell your doctor
about the same. This will ensure the betterment
of your overall health.

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5. Sphygmomanometers:
 Evidence-based medicine has proven that the
measurement of blood pressure is important in
determining the overall health of a person.
 High blood pressure has been linked to several diseases.
There are a few products that are used to measure blood
pressure.
 Mercury manometers don't require routine calibration and
therefore are used in high-risk scenarios.
 Aneroid sphygmomanometer is easily identified as a
mechanical unit with a dial for the readings, as well as a
bulb and air valve.
 Digital finger blood pressure monitors are the smallest and
most portable. While easy to operate, they are a bit less
accurate.
 Digital sphygmomanometers, like the digital finger blood
pressure monitors, are also electronic. They can be inflated
either manually or automatically.

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 Digital units measure mean arterial pressure, which
basically translates into an average of the systolic and
diastolic pressure.
 The sphygmomanometer can help diagnose:
Diabetes
High or low blood pressure
Artery hardening
Arterial plaque
Hypotension
6. Digital Weight Machine
 A digital weight machine measures your body
weight and helps you choose the right kind of
lifestyle to stay fit and trim.

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 A sudden gain in weight could mean hormonal
imbalances and irregular lipid metabolism.
 A healthy body mass is between 18.5 and
24.9. Also, keep in mind that regular exercise
and a healthy diet can contribute to your overall
health.
7. Thermometer
 Thermometers are used in all areas and levels of care, from
routine physical exams to emergency department triage to
inpatient care.
 There are now electronic thermometers that shorten the
time necessary to measure a patient's temperature.
 The electronic ones can be set for the specific part of the
body being measured, such as the mouth, under the armpit,
rectally, or the ear.

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8. First Aid Kit:
 Every household must have a first aid kit.
 A first aid kit comes in handy when you
encounter a bruise, burn, or wound.
 It is the first line of protection and it is
considered an essential lifesaver during urgent
times.

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2) Hospital pharmacy
 In a hospital setting, you’ll help prepare prescriptions, but
you’ll also handle administrative tasks such as updating
patient records, scheduling appointments and handling
billing statements.
 Hospital pharmacies perform both inpatient and outpatient
services.
 For inpatient services, you’ll work closely with other
medical professionals such as doctors, nurses and
pharmacists to ensure accurate dispensing of medications.
 For outpatient services, you will find yourself advising
patients about their medications. It’s vital that patients
understand when and how often they should take their
medications, as well as dosage levels and instructions about
proper handling.

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3) Mail order pharmacy
An increasing number of patients are choosing to have
prescriptions filled through mail order pharmacies.
When working in this environment, you’ll have little contact
with patients, or people in general.
Your job will mainly consist of preparing prescriptions for
shipment.
When working for a company serving patients through mail
order delivery, you can expect a fairly predictable schedule
with regular shifts.
4) Compounding pharmacy
For some patients, one-size-does-not-fit-all when it comes
to medications. Some people require medications that are
formulated to specific needs.

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Preparing these customized medications is the practice
known as compounding.
As a pharmacy technician, you would assist a pharmacist in
the preparation of these medications.
Compounding could involve changing the strength, altering
the delivery form, adding a flavor or removing an
ingredient—just to name a few possibilities
 PRESCRIPTION
 Definitions of Prescription
An order to take certain medications.
Health-care program implemented by a physician or other
medical practitioner in the form of instructions that govern
the plan of care for an individual patient.
An order for medication, issued by a properly licensed
medical practitioner, dentist or veterinarian.
 ‘RIGHTS’ OF A PRESCRIPTION
• Right patient
• Right drug
• Right dose (strength per unit dose)
• Right dosage schedule, dosing interval, time of day
• Right route of administration
• Right date
• Right number of refills
• Right duration of treatment
• Right to informed consent
• Right to refuse treatment
 The patient's name and address

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• ensures right medication goes to the correct patient;
identification and record-keeping purposes.
 Patient’s weight, age, BSA
• for medications whose dosage involves calculation. • include
both the calculated dose and the dosage formula (eg.: 240 mg
Q8H and 40 mg/kg per day)
• allows other health care professionals to double-check the
prescribed dosage.
• Pharmacists should always recalculate dosage equations
when filling these prescriptions.
 Role of pharmacists in retailing of drugs
The basic duty of a pharmacist is to check prescriptions from
physicians before dispensing the medication to the patients to
ensure that the patients don't receive the
wrong drugs or take an incorrect dose of medicine.
WHAT SHOULD YOU TELL THE PATIENT?
• What the drug is
• It’s purpose
• How it works
• How to take it
• Precautions
• Duration of treatment; risks of discontinuation
• Side-effects

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