This document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and lists its main sources as hospitals, labs, and research centers. It describes the principles of reduce, reuse, and recycle. The purpose is to reduce health risks by decreasing the amount of waste. It also discusses surveying waste levels, segregation, collection, storage, transportation, and various treatment methods like incineration, autoclaving, and microwaving. Key equipment for treatment includes autoclaves, microwaves, and incinerators. Rules for management have been amended over time.

1. Biomedical waste
management
Prepared by :
Apexa Chaudhari
Guided by :
Dr. Yamini D.Shah
Head of the department Pharmaceutices &
Pharmaceutical Technology

2. Biomedical waste management
Biomedical waste means any waste which is generated
during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of
human beings or animals or in research activities or
production or testing of biologicals & including
categories mentioned in biomedical waste
management & handling rules.

3. The main source of the Biomedical waste is hospitals
,labs,Research center etc.
• The basic principle of good biomedical waste management
practice is based on the concept of 3 Rs
“Reduce”. “ Recycle”. “ Reuse”.
Purpose of the biomedical waste management is reduce the
amount of waste, to reduce the risk of dangerous health
diseases.
•

14. Survey of biomedical waste
• It is important component of the waste management
method.
• Differentiate the type of waste quantity is generated.
• Determine the level of generation & Disinfection
within the hospitals.

15. Segregation of the BMW
• It is most crucial step in BMW management.
• Separation of waste reduce the risks.
• Non infectious & infectious waste are separated.
• General waste dry & wet are separated.
• Bins & bags should carry the biohazard symbol.

17. Collection & categorization of BMW
• Proper collection is really important so the infection can
not cause.
• It involved different type of containers.
• Containers should be placed in such a way that 100%
collection is achieved.
• Sharps must always kept in puncture proof container to
avoid injuries &infection.

19. Storage of the BMW
• Once the collection occurs then biomedical waste stored
in proper place.
• Duration of storage should not exceed 8 - 10 hrs in big
hospitals & 24 hrs in nursing home.
• Waste should not store more than 48 hrs in once place.
• Storage area generally located near where the waste is
treated.

20. Storage tank

21. Transportation of BMW
• The containers should be tied before transportation .
• Transportation of the biomedical waste can be done by carts
& containers that are not used for any other functions.
• The trolleys have to be cleaned each day.
• Bio hazardous sign should be dyed.

24. Treatment of BMW
• Incineration
• Autoclaving
• Microwaving
• Chemical Disinfection
• Deep burial
• Land disposal

25. Rules Amended For Waste Management
• Biomedical waste (management & handling )Rules,1998.
• Biomedical waste (management & handling) Rules, 2016.
• Hazardous waste (management & handling) Rules, 1989.
• Hazardous waste management & handling Rules, 2008.
• Municipal solid waste (management & handling) Rules , 2000
• Hazardous waste & other waste (management & handling) Rules ,2016

26. Major difference between biomedical waste
management & handling rules
1998
• Operators duties are not
mention proper.
• Biomedical waste divided in
10 categories.
• No format for annual report.
2016
• Operators duties are listed
properly.
• Biomedical waste divided in
4 categories.
• A format for the annual
report is there with rules.

27. 1998
• No specific storage
facilities are defined.
• Use of sodium hypochlorite
Solution with 1% chlorine.
• No instructions for use of
hg equipment.
2016
• Proper storage facilities are
defined.
• Use of sodium
hypochlorite solution with
10% chlorine.
• Instructions are noted for
use such equipment.

28. 1998
• Rules are applicable but does
not define Specific boundaries.
• Form 1 to 3 are included.
• Residual blood Segregated in
red bag & General waste
segregated in black bag.
2016
• Rules are whether applicable or
not is mention.
• Form 1 to 5 are included.
• Residual blood segregated in
yellow bag & general waste
segregated in green bag.

29. Forms
1998
• Form 1 : Application for
authorization
• Form 2 : Annual report
2016
• Form 1 : Accident
reporting
• Form 2 : Application for
authorization & renewal
• Form 3 : Authorization

30. 1998
• Form 3 : Accident
reporting
2016
• Form 4 : Annual report
• Form 5 : Application for
filling appeal against
order pass by prescribe
authority

31. Schedule
1998
• Schedule 1 : Categories or
type of waste
• Schedule 2 : Type of
container ,color ,treatment
• Schedule 3 : Label for
transportation
2016
• Schedule 1 : color code &
type of waste with
treatment
• Schedule 2 : standard for
treatment & disposal of
biomedical waste.

32. 1998
• Schedule 4 : label for
transportation of BMW.
• Schedule 5 : standard for
treatment & disposal of BMW.
• Schedule 6 : list of authorities
2016
• Schedule 3 : list of
prescribed authorities
duties
• Schedule 4 (A): label for
BMW Schedule 4 (B): label
for transportation of BMW

33. Equipment use for treat biomedical waste
Autoclave
• Autoclave operate on the principle of the
standard pressure cooker.
• The steam use at high temperature,Pressure
generated at high temperature penetrate waste
material & kill all the microorganisms.

34. Biomedical waste management systems incorporate
the autoclave for processing of waste culture, sharps,
bandages & other surgical wastes etc.
When operating a gravity flow autoclave medical waste
shall be subjected to :
1. A temperature of not less than 121°C & pressure of
of about 15 psi for an autoclave residence time of not
less than 60 min.

35. 2. A temperature not less than 135 °C & pressure of about
31 psi for an autoclave residence time of not less than 45
min.
When operating a vaccum autoclave, medical waste shall
be subjected to:
1.A temperature of not less than 121°C & pressure of 15
psi for autoclave residence time of not less than 45 min.

36. 2.A temperature of not less than 135°C & pressure of
31 psi for autoclave residence time of not less than 30
min.

38. Microwave
• In Microwaving process microwave is used.It use to treat
the waste water sluge& as Heat source to treat medical
waste.
• If the waste is dry ,add the water & the wet waste is
introduced in the microwave.Microwave work only when
their is water in waste bcz radiation directly work on
water.With enough power the water is converted in the
steam.

39. The entire process take place in the single vessel.The
bacteriological & Virological test is conducted to
ensure it effective or not.
Treatment of Biomedical waste through the microwave is
less expensive than incineration.
Microwave treatment can also use for the melt syringes.
This processing usually include front end shredding of
the waste to increase the efficacy of Microwave treatment.

41. Incinerators
• In the process of incineration the incinerators are
use.
• Incinerators can be oil fired or electrically powered
or combination.
• In the incinerator high temperature applied. The
heat convert the waste in inert material & gases.

42. Type
1. Rotary kiln incinerator
2. Grate incinerator(grill or four)
3. Liquids, gases & fumes incinerator

43. Rotary kiln incinerator
• Rotary kiln incinerator is manufactured with rotating
combustion chamber that keep waste moving there by
allowing it to vaporize for easy burning.
• Temperature : +/-1200 degree C.
• This type of incinerator use for hazardous ,medical &
chemical waste.

45. Grate incinerator
• The waste is putted by the hopper form the waste
bunker in the incinerator. By the help of shifting &
thumbing the tiles the waste go slowly down & burn.
• The combustion chamber feed with air from waste
bunker.

46. Temperature :+/-950 degree C.Retention time of the
waste in furnace is 45 min.
• After combustion ash,this is +/-10% of original
volume of the waste.
• Flue gases at high temperature when ash cool
sperate it.
• Then the sperate the form metal ash.