Information about Titanium for students.

3. Titanium comes
from the Greek
word “Titans” the
mythological “First
sons of the Earth”

4. Atomic Number 22
Atomic Weight 47.867
Melting Point 1943 K (1670⁰C or
3038⁰F)
Boiling Point 3560 K (3287 ⁰C or 5949
⁰F)

5. Density 4.5 grams per cubic
centimeter
Phase at room Temperature Solid
Element Classification Metal
Period Number Four
Group Number Four
Electron Configuration (Ar) 3d² 4s²

6. Block d
Relative Atomic
Mass
47.867
Key Isotopes ⁴⁸Ti
CAS Number 7440-32-6
Chem Spider ID 22402

7.  Titanium was discovered in 1791 by the
Reverend William Gregor, an English Pastor.
Pure titanium was first produced by Matthew
A. Hunter, an American metallurgist in 1910.
 Titanium is the ninth most abundant element
in the earth’s crust and is primarily found in
the minerals rutile (TiO₂), ilmenite (FeTiO₃)
and sphene (CaTiSiO₅). Titanium makes up
about 0.57% of the earth’s crust.

8.  The first Titanium mineral, a black
sand called menachanite, was
discovered in 1791 in Cornwall by the
Reverend William Gregor. He
analyzed it and deduced it was made
up of the oxides of iron and unknown
metal, and reported it as such to the
Royal Geological Society of
Cornwall.

9.  In 1795, the German scientist Martin
Heinrich Klaproth of Berlin
investigated a red ore known as
Schorl from Hungary. This is a form
of rutile (TiO₂) and Klaproth realized
it was the oxide of a previously
unknown element which he named
Titanium. When he was told of
Gregor’s discovery he investigated
menachanite and confirmed it too
contained titanium.

11.  William Gregor, Vicar of Creed Parish
in Cornwall and amateur geologist,
examines magnetic sand from a local
river. After removing the magnetic
ironoxide and treating the residue
with hydrochloric acid, he is left with
an impure white oxide of a new
element.

12. Martin Heinrich Klaproth, a
chemist working in Germany,
independently isolates a white
oxide from a Hungarian mineral
known as rutile. He gives the
name titanium to the new metal
element.

13. Matthew Hunter, an
American chemist,
isolates the metal
from it’s oxide.

14. Titanium dioxide
becomes available as a
commercial product and
is used as a white
pigment in paints.

15. Wilhelm Justin Kroll, from
Luxembourg, produces
significant quantities of
titanium by combining
titanium tetrachloride with
calcium.

16. Kroll moves to America and
modifies his process to
meet commercial
standards. Today, titanium
is produced by the “Kroll
Process”.

17. The DuPont
Company is the first to
produce titanium
commercially.

18. Russia uses titanium alloys in
military and submarine
applications, while America uses
titanium alloys for engine parts
and fuselage/wing coverings in
high-performance military aircraft.

19. The first hip replacement
operation using titanium alloy
implants. Titanium alloys are
biocompatible, corrosion-
resistant, able to carry
mechanical loads and are
lightweight.

20. First artificial heart
transplant operation.
The metallic parts are
made of titanium.

21. Airbus A380, Capable of
carrying 550 passengers,
weighs in at 280 tonnes-
145 tonnes of this is the
titanium alloy Ti-6AI-4V.

22. Thank you!
Eunilyn B. Barbosa
HUMSS 12-A