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Timmins-Schiffman P2010
- 1. Pacific Oyster PhysiologicalResponse to Disease under Variable Environmental Regimes Emma Timmins-Schiffman, Elene Dorfmeier, Paul McElhany, Shallin Busch, Steven Roberts & Carolyn Friedman University of Washington PCSGA 2010
- 2. Objective How do environmental stressors, such as ocean acidification (OA) and elevated temperature, affect oyster larvae survival and physiology when challenged by disease?
- 3. Experimental Plan How do environmental changes affect the host-pathogen relationship? High OA Temp. Host Pathogen Vibrio photo: Waldor & RayChaudhuri, 2000, Nature
- 4. Outline Ocean acidification Environmental stress and physiology Temperature and the C. gigas-V. tubiashii relationship OA effects on C. gigas Current work: OA & V. tubiashii Hi OA T
- 5. Outline Ocean acidification Environmental stress and physiology Temperature and the C. gigas-V. tubiashii relationship OA effects on C. gigas Current work: OA & V. tubiashii Hi OA T
- 6. Ocean Acidification 1000 ppm Increased CO2 in atmosphere 380 ppm Increased oceanic CO2 = lower oceanic pH
- 7. Environmental Stress Growth Reproduction Normal Environment Immune response General metabolism Environmental Stress Growth Reproduction Immune response General metabolism pH
- 8. Outline Ocean acidification Environmental stress and physiology Temperature and the C. gigas-V. tubiashii relationship OA effects on C. gigas Current work: OA & V. tubiashii Hi OA T
- 9. Temperature & V.tubiashii Two temperatures: 12oC & 25oC V. tubiashii challenge in both temperatures 3 day trial Immune response genes: C-jun kinase NfkB Up-regulate immune defenses: -ROS -inflammatory response
- 10. Temperature & V.tubiashii = 12oC = 25oC * =12oC + Vt * =25oC + Vt 1 2 3
- 11. Temperature & V.tubiashii Assay Development n=4 n=4 n=3 n=4 n=2 n=3 n=2 n=2 12oC 25oC 12oC 25oC 12oC 25oC 12oC 25oC
- 12. Outline Ocean acidification Environmental stress and physiology Temperature and the C. gigas-V. tubiashii relationship OA effects on C. gigas Current work: OA & V. tubiashii Hi OA T
- 13. Effects of OAon Development Strip-spawned and pooled sperm and eggs Fertilized eggs in pCO2-equilibrated water 380 ppm 840 ppm Time to developmental stage at 1 hour (2-cell) 2 hours (>4-cell) 5 hours (hatched) 17 hours 24 hours
- 14. Effects of OAon Development Timeline of C. gigas Larval Development Fertilization 2-cell 0h Developmental Stage 4-cell 1h hatching 2h 5h Time Post-Fertilization veliger 17h 24h
- 15. Effects of OAon Development =380 ppm =840 ppm Proportion Eggs in Cleavage *
- 16. Effects of OAon Development =380 ppm =840 ppm Proportion Larvae Hatched *
- 17. Effects of OAon Development A smaller proportion of larvae in elevated pCO2 develop at the “normal” rate Implications for physiological anomalies and calcification SEM Photo: Carla Stehr
- 18. Effects of OAon Development General stress response genes Cytochrome P450 oxidase (CytP450) Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prx6) Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) 1.0 0.8 Proportion Hatched 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 5 5 17 17 24 24 Time Post Fertilization (Hours)
- 19. Outline Ocean acidification Environmental stress and physiology Temperature and the C. gigas-V. tubiashii relationship OA effects on C. gigas Current work: OA & V. tubiashii Hi OA T
- 20. OA & V.tubiashii Study in progress in collaboration with NWFSC (P. McElhany et al.) Planned 3 weeks: spawning through settlement 4 pCO2 treatments 280, 380, 750, 2000 ppm 24-hour V. tubiashii exposure Data collection: Mortality Physiology (gene expression) Morphology & calcification Genotype-linked survival
- 21. = calcified OA &V. tubiashii = partially calcified Calcification at 48 hours post-fertilization = uncalcified
- 22. Conclusions Ocean acidification has significant effects on C. gigas larval development. OA may inhibit and depress larval response to other environmental stressors, including disease. Elevated temperatures, such as 25oC, have effects on the host-pathogen interaction.
- 23. Acknowledgements Funding: Saltonstall-Kennedy Grant (NOAA), NOAA Aquaculture Program student support University of Washington Moose O’Donnell Sam White Taylor Shellfish Joth Davis Ed Jones Vicki Jones NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center Jason Miller Mike Maher Sarah Norberg