Tis ppt gives u a brief glance on the following topics:
Escape Speed
Earth Satellites
Geostationary And Polar Satellites
Weightlessness
If u want to download the ppt mail me to raviteja711@gmail.com
This unit carry information of Acceleration Due to the Gravity (g), Satellite and Planetary Motion and Gravitational Field, Potential Energy, Kinetic Energy and Total energy of the satellite. in each section, there is an example so as you could be able to manipulate those equations that are associated with this unit. Also, there is problem practice so as to straighten the understanding of this module.
Tis ppt gives u a brief glance on the following topics:
Escape Speed
Earth Satellites
Geostationary And Polar Satellites
Weightlessness
If u want to download the ppt mail me to raviteja711@gmail.com
This unit carry information of Acceleration Due to the Gravity (g), Satellite and Planetary Motion and Gravitational Field, Potential Energy, Kinetic Energy and Total energy of the satellite. in each section, there is an example so as you could be able to manipulate those equations that are associated with this unit. Also, there is problem practice so as to straighten the understanding of this module.
Part 1 of this series of presentations is designed to provide an insight into Tesla's Wheelwork of Nature, and an understanding of how energy can be derived from any point in the Universe.
Digital Library of GLT Saraswati Bal Mandir. Gravitation is a natural phenomenon by which all physical bodies attract each other. It is most commonly experienced as the agent that gives weight to objects with mass and causes them to fall to the ground when dropped.
YeSen PPT2 Compare the Earth's Gravitational Force, the Lunar Gravitational F...Ye Er
YeSen's thoughts about the cause of tides.
PPT2 Compare the Earth's Gravitational Force, the Lunar Gravitational Force and the Solar Gravitational Force
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
YeSen PPT4 Tides Mainly Result from One of the Earth's Movements - Earth Rotating about the Earth–Moon Barycenter
1. Tides
Mainly Result from
One of the Earth's
Movements –
Earth Rotating about the
Earth–Moon Barycenter
PPT 4
From the Article “The
Neglected Earth’s Movement ---
Earth’s “ZiZhuan”, Earth
Rotating About the Earth–Moon
Barycenter”
http://yeer.hubpages.com/hub/T
he-Neglected-Earths-Movement-
Earths-ZiZhuan-Earth-
Rotating-About-the-
EarthMoon-Barycenter
Written (Chinese) by Ye Sen
Translated (English) by Ye Er
1
2. The Main Cause
The main cause of tides is relevant to the Moon,
but not the lunar gravitational force (Please check
PPT 1-3 first), then what is it?
My answer is the neglected movement of the
Earth: Earth rotating about the Earth–Moon
barycenter, a responsive motion to its interaction
with the Moon. I have a name for this movement:
“ZiZhuan” (Simplified Chinese:子转; Pinyin:
ZiZhuan)
2
3. Eccentric Rotation
This Earth’s movement is an eccentric (off
center) rotation.
The Earth’s “ZiZhuan” is not a little eccentric.
The radius of the Earth is 6380 kilometers, the
length of the Earth’s center of mass to the center
of the Earth’s eccentric rotation (the barycenter
of the Earth-Moon system) comes to 4680
kilometers!
3
4. The Characteristics
One of the big characteristics of the eccentric
rotation is its radius varied in length at different
positions which causes different linear speeds at
different positions.
4
5. This drawing is a cross-
section of the Earth (using
the orbit plane of the Earth’s
“ZiZhuan” (“子转”) , the
plane of the Earth rotating
about the Earth–Moon
barycenter). We mark every
30°around the circumference,
and make 12 points from A
to L.
5
6. Let’s compute (using the graphing methods
and functions) each linear speed in each
position. The variation of the linear speeds
turns out to be a sine wave diagram.
6
7. So point D (a point on the Earth facing away
from the Moon) has the maximum linear speed
- 106KM/H; point J (a point on the Earth
facing toward the Moon) has the minimum
linear speed - 16KM/H.
7
8. The maximum minus the minimum is 90KM/H.
This is the difference of the linear speeds on
the surface of the Earth when the Earth rotates
about the Earth–Moon barycenter , this speed
difference will be added to the Earth’s rotation.
8
9. What does this 90KM/H mean?
Let’s compute another number. When the
Earth rotates on its own axis, its speed on the
equator is: (the circumference of the Earth’s
equator divided by 24 (hours))
The linear speed at other latitudes will be
smaller. Take latitude 30°for example, its
linear speed is
9(All numbers here are from reference books, and are used as
approximate numbers.)
10. Let’s compare
Compare the speed difference of the Earth’s
“ZiZhuan” (“子转”) with the speed of Earth’s
rotation: 90km/1670km=1/18.6, approximately
1/18, that is to say, the Earth’s “ZiZhuan” (“子
转”) adding to the Earth’s rotation will affect
about 1/18 of the Earth’s rotational speed
(affect only about 1/16 of the Earth’s rotational
speed at latitude 30°).
10
11. Compare this result with the lunar
gravitational force we computed early, “The
lunar gravitational force on a certain
waterbody on the Earth is only 1/281961 the
Earth’s gravitational force on the same
waterbody.”
Which gives more influence? Aren’t we clear
now?
Let’s compare
11