Thyroid hormones play an important role in pregnancy and fetal development. The study assessed the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in 40 pregnant women in Una District, Himachal Pradesh. Results showed 10% of pregnant women had thyroid dysfunction based on elevated TSH levels. Most pregnant women (over 60%) had normal hemoglobin levels, though some had mild or moderate anemia. The study concludes there is a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy even in rural populations, so universal screening is needed to identify issues and start timely treatment given the impacts on mothers and fetuses.

1. Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction among
Pregnant Women in Una District of Himachal
Pradesh
Submitted to
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra
Department of Microbiology
B.S.A. College, Mathura
Submitted by
HEMENDRA SINGH
Under the guidance of Under the Co-guidance of
Dr. A.K. Bansal Dr. Geetika Gupta
Scientist-E Scientist-C
NJIL & OMD MRHRU, Haroli, Una (H.P.)

2. Secreted by thyroid gland located in the neck
Help the body – to use energy
stay warm
keep the brain, heart, muscles and other organs
working normally
The function of the thyroid gland is to take iodine, found
in many foods, and convert it into thyroid hormones:
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Introduction
Thyroid hormone

3. Thyroid cells are the only cells in the body which can absorb
iodine. These cells combine iodine and the amino
acid tyrosine to make T3 and T4.
Iodine is an essential component of the thyroid hormones.
Every cell in the body depends upon thyroid hormones for
regulation of their metabolism.
Thyroid hormone play a very important role in pregnant
women like:
Control metabolic rate
Protein synthesis

4. T3 T4
Increased Metabolism
Growth and Development
Increased catecholamine effect
Thyroid System

5. • Physical and mental
development
• Low birth weight
• Abnormal fetal
growth
• Premature birth
Fetal
• Early pregnancy
failure
• Preeclampsia
• Placental abruption
Pregnancy
complications
• Central Nervous
System
• Cardiovascular
• Hemopoiesis
Other Effects
Effect of Thyroid Dysfunction

6. •Miscarriages
•Anemia
•Goiter
•Complicating
pregnancy etc.
The Outcomes of Thyroid dysfunction
during pregnancy are very complicated like
• Premature birth
• Low birth weight
• Increased neo-natal
respiratory distress etc.
Fetal complicationsWomen complications

7. To study the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in
pregnant women.
To find out any correlation of thyroid dysfunction
with hemoglobin level and BMI.
Objectives

8. Study Population
Study Design
Sample Size
Health facility cross-sectional study
Pregnant women of Haroli, Una, Himachal Pradesh.
40 pregnant women
(15 samples from 1st trimester, 14 samples from 2nd trimester
and 11 samples from 3rd trimester)
 Conducted by Model Rural Health Research Unit (ICMR) at (Haroli,
Una) District HP, India
Selection of subject
• Health facilities Civil Hospital, Haroli
• Regional Hospital, Una
Methodology

9. Estimation of TSH, T3 and T4 By eCLIA Analyzer
Draw 2-3 ml blood from the patient by the help of sterile
syringe and transfer it into a vacutainer (red cap).
Leave it at room temperature not less than half
and hour
Centrifuge at 3500 rpm for 5 min.

10. Transfer the supernatant (serum) as much as
possible into a tube.
Run the test or keep it in the fridge or freezer
(at 2-8˚C for 5 days and at -20 ˚C for 3
months)

12. Results & Observations
• A total of 40 pregnant women samples included in the study.
Age group No. of
Patients
Percentage
22 - 26 yrs. 16 40%
26- 30 yrs. 19 47.5%
> 31 yrs. 5 12.5%
Total 40 100.0%
Age-wise distribution of pregnant women.

13.  More than 60% pregnant woman show Hemoglobin (Hb) level in normal range .
• For all pregnant women blood samples, hemoglobin (Hb) have been
measured by hematology analyzer.
Hemoglobin levels in the pregnant women. Out of 40 pregnant women taken in the study, 25 women
were having their Hb in normal range, 8 women were mild anemic and 7 women were moderate
anemic.

14. Thyroid function test
TSH estimation by eCLIA. The Graphical presentation of TSH levels in pregnant women samples reveals the
normal range of TSH in 36 pregnant women (value, 0.27 mIU/l to 4.20 mIU/l) and an elevated range (> 4.20
mIU/l) in total 4 pregnant women reflecting thyroid dysfunction in these 4 cases. The highest value of TSH
was observed, 8.24 mIU/l.

16.  Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was found to be 10%
• Analysis of total 40 pregnant women samples from CHC, Haroli
revealed a 10% of prevalence rate of thyroid dysfunction in
pregnant women belong to all three trimesters.
Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction.

17. • This study concludes that there is high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in
pregnancy even in rural population. As maternal thyroid dysfunction has significant
impact on maternal and fetal outcomes, early identification of thyroid dysfunction
and timely initiation of treatment is required. Thus, universal screening of pregnant
women for thyroid disorder should be considered especially in a country like India
where there is a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction.
Conclusion