The document discusses design methodologies presented by various designers including Kenya Hara, Kohei Sugiura, Naoto Fukasawa, and Shigeru Ban. It explores concepts like defamiliarization, designing experiences rather than objects, paying close attention to daily life details, making information vivid rather than cool, and nurturing oneself with information to create new perspectives. Case studies and works mentioned include Toilet Paper by Shigeru Ban, CD players by Naoto Fukasawa, and the 1970 Traveling Time Map by Kohei Sugiura.