Lower Back Pain Relief Exercises e book (Doc H - Paul and Steve )ver 4.0Dominic D. Faraci II.
The document provides a guide to exercises that can help relieve lower back pain. It begins with introductions of the authors and an overview of lower back pain, including causes such as muscle strains, aging, and injuries. Common treatments for back pain are discussed such as medication, massage, chiropractic care, and exercise. The guide then details 9 specific exercises to target the back and core muscles, including planks, pelvic tilts, and stretches. Instructions and safety tips are provided for each exercise.
Body mechanics refers to the efficient and coordinated use of the body to minimize strain and risk of injury. Proper body mechanics involves maintaining good posture and balance, and moving in a coordinated way using large muscle groups. Poor body mechanics can lead to muscle fatigue, joint strain, and back injuries. Nursing interventions for patients with immobility focus on preventing complications like pressure ulcers, bone demineralization, orthostatic hypotension, and respiratory issues through regular repositioning, exercise, and other mobility techniques.
The lumbar spine consists of five lumbar vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs. A disc herniation occurs when the nucleus pulposus of an intervertebral disc bulges out through a tear in the annulus fibrosus. Common causes of lower back pain include muscular problems, herniated discs, degenerative disc disease, and spondylolisthesis. A herniated disc is typically diagnosed through MRI imaging and can be managed initially through rest, physical therapy, and pain medications. Epidural injections or surgery may be required if conservative treatments do not provide relief from nerve compression and pain. Surgical options include discectomy, laminotomy, spinal fusion, and artificial disc replacement.
The document summarizes various aspects of back injuries including skeletal and non-skeletal components of the spine, common causes of back injuries like falls and sports injuries, types of back injuries like strains, sprains and fractures, signs and symptoms, investigations like x-rays and MRIs, and treatments which may involve rest, medications, physical therapy, bracing or surgery depending on the severity and stability of the injury.
The document defines various medical prefixes, suffixes, and anatomical terms. It describes 3 planes of movement from the anatomical position, types of soft tissues including inert and contractile tissues, and common types of soft tissue dysfunction such as strains, sprains, tendonitis. It also covers topics like range of motion testing, SOAP notes, the peripheral nervous system, and phases of injury repair.
The document provides information about spondylosis, a degenerative disorder of the spine. It defines spondylosis as general wear and tear that occurs in the joints and bones of the spine with age. Over 85% of people over age 60 are affected. Spondylosis causes loss of normal spinal shape and function and can affect the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar regions. Non-surgical treatments include soft collars, physiotherapy like heat/cold therapy and electrical stimulation, and medications like acetaminophen and NSAIDs. Surgery is reserved for severe cases not relieved by other treatments.
1. Lumbar spinal fusion surgery involves permanently fusing together two or more vertebrae in the lower back to stop painful motion and decrease back pain from injuries like herniated discs or spondylolisthesis.
2. During the surgery, bone grafts and hardware like screws and rods are used to fuse the vertebrae together and create a solid, stable portion of the spine.
3. Minimally invasive techniques for lumbar fusion use smaller incisions and cause less muscle damage, resulting in less pain, blood loss, and shorter recovery times compared to traditional open fusion surgery.
Lower Back Pain Relief Exercises e book (Doc H - Paul and Steve )ver 4.0Dominic D. Faraci II.
The document provides a guide to exercises that can help relieve lower back pain. It begins with introductions of the authors and an overview of lower back pain, including causes such as muscle strains, aging, and injuries. Common treatments for back pain are discussed such as medication, massage, chiropractic care, and exercise. The guide then details 9 specific exercises to target the back and core muscles, including planks, pelvic tilts, and stretches. Instructions and safety tips are provided for each exercise.
Body mechanics refers to the efficient and coordinated use of the body to minimize strain and risk of injury. Proper body mechanics involves maintaining good posture and balance, and moving in a coordinated way using large muscle groups. Poor body mechanics can lead to muscle fatigue, joint strain, and back injuries. Nursing interventions for patients with immobility focus on preventing complications like pressure ulcers, bone demineralization, orthostatic hypotension, and respiratory issues through regular repositioning, exercise, and other mobility techniques.
The lumbar spine consists of five lumbar vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs. A disc herniation occurs when the nucleus pulposus of an intervertebral disc bulges out through a tear in the annulus fibrosus. Common causes of lower back pain include muscular problems, herniated discs, degenerative disc disease, and spondylolisthesis. A herniated disc is typically diagnosed through MRI imaging and can be managed initially through rest, physical therapy, and pain medications. Epidural injections or surgery may be required if conservative treatments do not provide relief from nerve compression and pain. Surgical options include discectomy, laminotomy, spinal fusion, and artificial disc replacement.
The document summarizes various aspects of back injuries including skeletal and non-skeletal components of the spine, common causes of back injuries like falls and sports injuries, types of back injuries like strains, sprains and fractures, signs and symptoms, investigations like x-rays and MRIs, and treatments which may involve rest, medications, physical therapy, bracing or surgery depending on the severity and stability of the injury.
The document defines various medical prefixes, suffixes, and anatomical terms. It describes 3 planes of movement from the anatomical position, types of soft tissues including inert and contractile tissues, and common types of soft tissue dysfunction such as strains, sprains, tendonitis. It also covers topics like range of motion testing, SOAP notes, the peripheral nervous system, and phases of injury repair.
The document provides information about spondylosis, a degenerative disorder of the spine. It defines spondylosis as general wear and tear that occurs in the joints and bones of the spine with age. Over 85% of people over age 60 are affected. Spondylosis causes loss of normal spinal shape and function and can affect the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar regions. Non-surgical treatments include soft collars, physiotherapy like heat/cold therapy and electrical stimulation, and medications like acetaminophen and NSAIDs. Surgery is reserved for severe cases not relieved by other treatments.
1. Lumbar spinal fusion surgery involves permanently fusing together two or more vertebrae in the lower back to stop painful motion and decrease back pain from injuries like herniated discs or spondylolisthesis.
2. During the surgery, bone grafts and hardware like screws and rods are used to fuse the vertebrae together and create a solid, stable portion of the spine.
3. Minimally invasive techniques for lumbar fusion use smaller incisions and cause less muscle damage, resulting in less pain, blood loss, and shorter recovery times compared to traditional open fusion surgery.
There are several potential causes of lower back pain, including muscle strains or sprains, ligament or disc injuries, joint problems, and underlying medical conditions. Treatment involves a three-phase process focusing initially on reducing pain and inflammation, then restoring function through exercises, and finally maintaining strength through continued exercise and preventative measures. Proper functioning of the sacroiliac joint and surrounding muscles is important for low back health.
Muscles,
Faculty of Medicine,
Alexandria University,
Medical Student: Mohammed Yasir Taha Alkhammas,
Under Supervision: Professor Dr. Nancy Mohamed El Sekily
This document discusses low back pain, including its causes, risk factors, and treatments. It notes that 80% of people will experience low back pain in their lifetime. Common causes include mechanical issues like spinal degeneration or disc herniations that put pressure on nerves. Chiropractic care can help by improving spinal balance and mobility to reduce pain and prevent further issues. Maintaining good posture and exercising are also recommended for prevention and treatment.
A brief introduction to the topic cerebral palsy, prepared by Dr Yash Oza, PG resident in MS Orthopaedics
Etiology, Classification, assessment, diagnosis, treatment
This document discusses periarthritis of the shoulder, also known as frozen shoulder. It begins by defining the condition as an inflammatory disorder of the shoulder joint and surrounding soft tissues. It then describes the three stages of frozen shoulder according to Cyriax: stage 1 involves pain with movement, stage 2 includes increased stiffness, and stage 3 is the recovery stage with gradual return of movement. The document outlines causes such as injury, prolonged immobility, diabetes, and thyroid disorders. Signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and management are explained, including medications, cortisone injections, physical therapy, and possibly surgery if conservative treatment fails.
The document summarizes lumbar herniated discs, including the anatomy and biomechanics of the lumbar spine, causes of herniated discs like prolonged sitting and lifting, symptoms like low back and leg pain, diagnostic tests like MRI, and treatment options like medications, physical therapy, and surgery. Conservative treatments include medications, physical therapy with modalities like traction and exercises, while surgery may be considered for severe or progressive cases. Prevention involves good posture, exercise, weight management, and avoiding heavy lifting.
USMLE MSK L002 Back Ligamnets and muscles of back.pdfAHMED ASHOUR
The anatomy of the back is complex and involves a combination of bones, muscles, nerves, and other structures that provide support, protection, and mobility.
The back is generally divided into several regions, including the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions.
Understanding the anatomy of the back is essential for healthcare professionals, including orthopedic specialists, physical therapists, and chiropractors, as well as for individuals interested in maintaining back health and preventing injuries.
This document discusses cervical spondylosis and its management. It begins with the anatomy of the cervical spine and describes the intervertebral discs and muscles. It then covers the biomechanics, epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, investigations, differential diagnosis, and management including medical, surgical, and physiotherapy approaches. The goals of physiotherapy treatment are to relieve pain, improve neck movement and posture, and decrease reliance on pain medications. Exercises and modalities like heat, cold, traction, and electrical stimulation are used.
This document discusses various injuries to the lower extremity, including the hip, knee, ankle, and foot. It provides details on ligaments of the hip joint, bones that make up the pelvis, muscles involved in plantarflexion and dorsiflexion, and descriptions of joints like the subtalar and tibiotalar joints. The document also lists the muscles responsible for different movements at the knee and describes the plantar fascia and its role.
Periarthritis shoulder, also known as frozen shoulder, is an inflammatory condition of the shoulder joint and surrounding soft tissues that causes pain and loss of movement. It typically progresses through three stages - painful, stiff, and recovery. Risk factors include age over 40, female sex, diabetes, prolonged immobility, and previous shoulder injury. Treatment involves medications, corticosteroid injections, and physical therapy to regain mobility, with surgery as a last resort if conservative treatments fail after several months. Regular exercise is important for prevention.
This document provides an overview of basic human movement patterns and exercise. It begins by describing the purpose and learning outcomes of a PE course on movement enhancement. It then covers topics like the science of human movement, the skeletal and muscular systems, types of muscle fibers and muscle contraction, range of motion, and basic movement patterns. The key information provided includes descriptions of bones and joints, muscle architecture and fiber arrangements, agonists and antagonists, and examples of flexibility exercises and movements for different parts of the body. Overall, the document aims to introduce students to the anatomy and physiology underlying human movement.
Common sports-relatedshoulder injuriesShoulder pain is.docxcargillfilberto
Common sports-related
shoulder injuries
S
houlder pain is commonly treated in general practice; its causes are often
multi-factorial. The focus of this article is on sports-related shoulder injuries
likely to be seen in the community. This article aims to overview the presen-
tation, assessment and management of these conditions in general practice.
The GP curriculum and common sports-related shoulder injuries
Clinical module 3.20: Care of people with musculoskeletal problems lists the learning objectives required
for a GP to manage common sports-related shoulder injuries in the community or refer for specialist management. In
particular, GPs are expected to be able to:
. Communicate health information effectively to promote better outcomes
. Explore the perceptions, ideas or beliefs the patient has about the condition and whether these may be acting as
barriers to recovery
. Use simple techniques and consistent advice to promote activity in the presence of pain and stiffness
. Agree treatment goals and facilitate supported self-management, particularly around pain, function and physical
activity
. Assess the importance and meaning of the following presenting features:
. pain: nature, location, severity, history of trauma
. variation of symptoms over time
. loss of function – weakness, restricted movement, deformity and disability, ability to perform usual work or
occupation
. Understand that reducing pain and disability rather than achieving a complete cure could be the goal of
treatment
. Understand indications and limitations of plain radiography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance scans
. Diagnose common, regional soft-tissue problems that can be managed in primary care
. Understand the challenge that many musculoskeletal conditions might be better and more confidently managed
by other healthcare personnel rather than GPs, because most GPs do not gain the necessary treatment skills
during their training
. Refer those conditions which may benefit from early referral to an orthopaedic surgeon
The four most common categories of shoulder pain
seen in primary care are (Mitchell, Adebajo, Hay, &
Carr, 2005):
. Rotator cuff disorders (85% tendinopathy)
. Glenohumeral disorders
. Acromioclavicular joint disease, and
. Referred neck pain.
There are many different types of sports that can cause
acute or chronic shoulder injuries. In professional English
Rugby Union, for example, the most common match
injury is of the acromioclavicular joint (32% overall) and
the most severe injury requiring the longest time off
(mean of 81 days) is shoulder dislocation (Headey,
Brooks, & Kemp, 2007).
Shoulder injuries can also occur in non-contact sports,
such as golf, tennis, swimming and weightlifting.
Although shoulder injuries may be more common in con-
tact sports, the injury may have a larger impact on the
performance of individuals playing non-contact sports.
For example, golfers require very precise manoeuvres
of their dominant.
Common sports-relatedshoulder injuriesShoulder pain is.docxdrandy1
Common sports-related
shoulder injuries
S
houlder pain is commonly treated in general practice; its causes are often
multi-factorial. The focus of this article is on sports-related shoulder injuries
likely to be seen in the community. This article aims to overview the presen-
tation, assessment and management of these conditions in general practice.
The GP curriculum and common sports-related shoulder injuries
Clinical module 3.20: Care of people with musculoskeletal problems lists the learning objectives required
for a GP to manage common sports-related shoulder injuries in the community or refer for specialist management. In
particular, GPs are expected to be able to:
. Communicate health information effectively to promote better outcomes
. Explore the perceptions, ideas or beliefs the patient has about the condition and whether these may be acting as
barriers to recovery
. Use simple techniques and consistent advice to promote activity in the presence of pain and stiffness
. Agree treatment goals and facilitate supported self-management, particularly around pain, function and physical
activity
. Assess the importance and meaning of the following presenting features:
. pain: nature, location, severity, history of trauma
. variation of symptoms over time
. loss of function – weakness, restricted movement, deformity and disability, ability to perform usual work or
occupation
. Understand that reducing pain and disability rather than achieving a complete cure could be the goal of
treatment
. Understand indications and limitations of plain radiography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance scans
. Diagnose common, regional soft-tissue problems that can be managed in primary care
. Understand the challenge that many musculoskeletal conditions might be better and more confidently managed
by other healthcare personnel rather than GPs, because most GPs do not gain the necessary treatment skills
during their training
. Refer those conditions which may benefit from early referral to an orthopaedic surgeon
The four most common categories of shoulder pain
seen in primary care are (Mitchell, Adebajo, Hay, &
Carr, 2005):
. Rotator cuff disorders (85% tendinopathy)
. Glenohumeral disorders
. Acromioclavicular joint disease, and
. Referred neck pain.
There are many different types of sports that can cause
acute or chronic shoulder injuries. In professional English
Rugby Union, for example, the most common match
injury is of the acromioclavicular joint (32% overall) and
the most severe injury requiring the longest time off
(mean of 81 days) is shoulder dislocation (Headey,
Brooks, & Kemp, 2007).
Shoulder injuries can also occur in non-contact sports,
such as golf, tennis, swimming and weightlifting.
Although shoulder injuries may be more common in con-
tact sports, the injury may have a larger impact on the
performance of individuals playing non-contact sports.
For example, golfers require very precise manoeuvres
of their dominant.
This document discusses various types of posture including active, inactive, and abnormal postures. It describes the postural mechanism which involves reflexes, somatosensory, visual, and vestibular systems working together. Good and poor posture patterns are defined. Principles of re-education include finding the cause and gaining patient cooperation. Techniques include general relaxation, pain treatment, mobility exercises, and strengthening weak muscles. Causes and characteristics of different abnormal postures like forward head, flat back, and scoliosis are provided.
1) Spondylosis is a degenerative disorder that causes general wear and tear in the spine and is common in people over age 60.
2) It can affect the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar regions of the spine and may cause loss of normal spinal shape and function as well as pain.
3) The causes include aging as the discs dehydrate and lose support for the vertebrae, repetitive strain, smoking, genetics, and previous injuries. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation through medications, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery.
The document summarizes a case of a 29-year-old male patient referred to physical therapy with complaints of gradually developed right knee pain, increased stiffness with activity, mild swelling, and occasional popping sound while climbing stairs. The patient is an avid long distance runner covering 10 miles 4 days a week and occasionally does biking. The physical therapist suspects possible right iliotibial band syndrome based on the patient's medical history and symptoms affecting his normal exercise routine.
Conservative Osteopathic Management of Musculo-Skeletal Pain from WhiplashMegan Hughes
Conservative Osteopathic Management of Musculo-Skeletal Pain from Whiplash
The document discusses how a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) treats whiplash injuries using manual therapy techniques. It describes whiplash as an injury to the neck caused by sudden head movement that can damage ligaments, tendons, muscles and discs in the neck. A D.O. uses specific manual techniques to correct somatic dysfunctions in the neck caused by whiplash and reduce pain and restricted motion. Manual therapy helps relax muscles, improve alignment and blood flow to aid healing. However, some whiplash injuries may cause permanent damage and require ongoing maintenance treatment.
A hip pointer is a bruise on the pelvis caused by a direct blow to the iliac crest. It usually occurs in contact sports or from a fall onto the hip. Symptoms include severe pain in the upper outer hip, tenderness, swelling, bruising, and decreased range of motion. Treatment involves rest, ice, anti-inflammatory drugs, and sometimes corticosteroid injections. Physical therapy may be needed to regain mobility and strength through exercises like stretching, strengthening the core and hip muscles, and improving range of motion. Full recovery usually takes 1 to 3 weeks but can take longer if a fracture is involved.
A hip pointer is a bruise on the pelvis caused by a direct blow to the iliac crest. It usually occurs in contact sports or from a fall onto the hip. Symptoms include severe pain in the upper outer hip, tenderness, swelling, bruising, and decreased range of motion. Treatment involves rest, ice, anti-inflammatory drugs, and sometimes corticosteroid injections. Physical therapy may be needed to regain mobility and strength through exercises like stretching, strengthening the core and hip muscles, and improving range of motion. Full recovery usually takes 1-3 weeks but can take longer if a fracture is involved.
A hip pointer is a bruise on the pelvis caused by a direct blow to the iliac crest. It usually occurs in contact sports or from a fall onto the hip. Symptoms include severe pain in the upper outer hip, tenderness, swelling, bruising, and decreased range of motion. Treatment involves rest, ice, anti-inflammatory drugs, and sometimes steroid injections. Physical therapy may be needed to regain mobility and strength through exercises like stretching, strengthening the core and hip muscles, and improving range of motion. Full recovery usually takes 1-3 weeks but can take longer if a fracture is involved.
What is a Moral Alignment Test? The Ultimate Guide | The Lifesciences MagazineThe Lifesciences Magazine
A Moral Alignment Test is a tool designed to assess an individual's ethical perspectives and behavioral tendencies. It draws inspiration from various philosophical and psychological theories.
Dependent Personality Disorder: Meaning, Symptoms, and Treatment | The Lifesc...The Lifesciences Magazine
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There are several potential causes of lower back pain, including muscle strains or sprains, ligament or disc injuries, joint problems, and underlying medical conditions. Treatment involves a three-phase process focusing initially on reducing pain and inflammation, then restoring function through exercises, and finally maintaining strength through continued exercise and preventative measures. Proper functioning of the sacroiliac joint and surrounding muscles is important for low back health.
Muscles,
Faculty of Medicine,
Alexandria University,
Medical Student: Mohammed Yasir Taha Alkhammas,
Under Supervision: Professor Dr. Nancy Mohamed El Sekily
This document discusses low back pain, including its causes, risk factors, and treatments. It notes that 80% of people will experience low back pain in their lifetime. Common causes include mechanical issues like spinal degeneration or disc herniations that put pressure on nerves. Chiropractic care can help by improving spinal balance and mobility to reduce pain and prevent further issues. Maintaining good posture and exercising are also recommended for prevention and treatment.
A brief introduction to the topic cerebral palsy, prepared by Dr Yash Oza, PG resident in MS Orthopaedics
Etiology, Classification, assessment, diagnosis, treatment
This document discusses periarthritis of the shoulder, also known as frozen shoulder. It begins by defining the condition as an inflammatory disorder of the shoulder joint and surrounding soft tissues. It then describes the three stages of frozen shoulder according to Cyriax: stage 1 involves pain with movement, stage 2 includes increased stiffness, and stage 3 is the recovery stage with gradual return of movement. The document outlines causes such as injury, prolonged immobility, diabetes, and thyroid disorders. Signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and management are explained, including medications, cortisone injections, physical therapy, and possibly surgery if conservative treatment fails.
The document summarizes lumbar herniated discs, including the anatomy and biomechanics of the lumbar spine, causes of herniated discs like prolonged sitting and lifting, symptoms like low back and leg pain, diagnostic tests like MRI, and treatment options like medications, physical therapy, and surgery. Conservative treatments include medications, physical therapy with modalities like traction and exercises, while surgery may be considered for severe or progressive cases. Prevention involves good posture, exercise, weight management, and avoiding heavy lifting.
USMLE MSK L002 Back Ligamnets and muscles of back.pdfAHMED ASHOUR
The anatomy of the back is complex and involves a combination of bones, muscles, nerves, and other structures that provide support, protection, and mobility.
The back is generally divided into several regions, including the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions.
Understanding the anatomy of the back is essential for healthcare professionals, including orthopedic specialists, physical therapists, and chiropractors, as well as for individuals interested in maintaining back health and preventing injuries.
This document discusses cervical spondylosis and its management. It begins with the anatomy of the cervical spine and describes the intervertebral discs and muscles. It then covers the biomechanics, epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, investigations, differential diagnosis, and management including medical, surgical, and physiotherapy approaches. The goals of physiotherapy treatment are to relieve pain, improve neck movement and posture, and decrease reliance on pain medications. Exercises and modalities like heat, cold, traction, and electrical stimulation are used.
This document discusses various injuries to the lower extremity, including the hip, knee, ankle, and foot. It provides details on ligaments of the hip joint, bones that make up the pelvis, muscles involved in plantarflexion and dorsiflexion, and descriptions of joints like the subtalar and tibiotalar joints. The document also lists the muscles responsible for different movements at the knee and describes the plantar fascia and its role.
Periarthritis shoulder, also known as frozen shoulder, is an inflammatory condition of the shoulder joint and surrounding soft tissues that causes pain and loss of movement. It typically progresses through three stages - painful, stiff, and recovery. Risk factors include age over 40, female sex, diabetes, prolonged immobility, and previous shoulder injury. Treatment involves medications, corticosteroid injections, and physical therapy to regain mobility, with surgery as a last resort if conservative treatments fail after several months. Regular exercise is important for prevention.
This document provides an overview of basic human movement patterns and exercise. It begins by describing the purpose and learning outcomes of a PE course on movement enhancement. It then covers topics like the science of human movement, the skeletal and muscular systems, types of muscle fibers and muscle contraction, range of motion, and basic movement patterns. The key information provided includes descriptions of bones and joints, muscle architecture and fiber arrangements, agonists and antagonists, and examples of flexibility exercises and movements for different parts of the body. Overall, the document aims to introduce students to the anatomy and physiology underlying human movement.
Common sports-relatedshoulder injuriesShoulder pain is.docxcargillfilberto
Common sports-related
shoulder injuries
S
houlder pain is commonly treated in general practice; its causes are often
multi-factorial. The focus of this article is on sports-related shoulder injuries
likely to be seen in the community. This article aims to overview the presen-
tation, assessment and management of these conditions in general practice.
The GP curriculum and common sports-related shoulder injuries
Clinical module 3.20: Care of people with musculoskeletal problems lists the learning objectives required
for a GP to manage common sports-related shoulder injuries in the community or refer for specialist management. In
particular, GPs are expected to be able to:
. Communicate health information effectively to promote better outcomes
. Explore the perceptions, ideas or beliefs the patient has about the condition and whether these may be acting as
barriers to recovery
. Use simple techniques and consistent advice to promote activity in the presence of pain and stiffness
. Agree treatment goals and facilitate supported self-management, particularly around pain, function and physical
activity
. Assess the importance and meaning of the following presenting features:
. pain: nature, location, severity, history of trauma
. variation of symptoms over time
. loss of function – weakness, restricted movement, deformity and disability, ability to perform usual work or
occupation
. Understand that reducing pain and disability rather than achieving a complete cure could be the goal of
treatment
. Understand indications and limitations of plain radiography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance scans
. Diagnose common, regional soft-tissue problems that can be managed in primary care
. Understand the challenge that many musculoskeletal conditions might be better and more confidently managed
by other healthcare personnel rather than GPs, because most GPs do not gain the necessary treatment skills
during their training
. Refer those conditions which may benefit from early referral to an orthopaedic surgeon
The four most common categories of shoulder pain
seen in primary care are (Mitchell, Adebajo, Hay, &
Carr, 2005):
. Rotator cuff disorders (85% tendinopathy)
. Glenohumeral disorders
. Acromioclavicular joint disease, and
. Referred neck pain.
There are many different types of sports that can cause
acute or chronic shoulder injuries. In professional English
Rugby Union, for example, the most common match
injury is of the acromioclavicular joint (32% overall) and
the most severe injury requiring the longest time off
(mean of 81 days) is shoulder dislocation (Headey,
Brooks, & Kemp, 2007).
Shoulder injuries can also occur in non-contact sports,
such as golf, tennis, swimming and weightlifting.
Although shoulder injuries may be more common in con-
tact sports, the injury may have a larger impact on the
performance of individuals playing non-contact sports.
For example, golfers require very precise manoeuvres
of their dominant.
Common sports-relatedshoulder injuriesShoulder pain is.docxdrandy1
Common sports-related
shoulder injuries
S
houlder pain is commonly treated in general practice; its causes are often
multi-factorial. The focus of this article is on sports-related shoulder injuries
likely to be seen in the community. This article aims to overview the presen-
tation, assessment and management of these conditions in general practice.
The GP curriculum and common sports-related shoulder injuries
Clinical module 3.20: Care of people with musculoskeletal problems lists the learning objectives required
for a GP to manage common sports-related shoulder injuries in the community or refer for specialist management. In
particular, GPs are expected to be able to:
. Communicate health information effectively to promote better outcomes
. Explore the perceptions, ideas or beliefs the patient has about the condition and whether these may be acting as
barriers to recovery
. Use simple techniques and consistent advice to promote activity in the presence of pain and stiffness
. Agree treatment goals and facilitate supported self-management, particularly around pain, function and physical
activity
. Assess the importance and meaning of the following presenting features:
. pain: nature, location, severity, history of trauma
. variation of symptoms over time
. loss of function – weakness, restricted movement, deformity and disability, ability to perform usual work or
occupation
. Understand that reducing pain and disability rather than achieving a complete cure could be the goal of
treatment
. Understand indications and limitations of plain radiography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance scans
. Diagnose common, regional soft-tissue problems that can be managed in primary care
. Understand the challenge that many musculoskeletal conditions might be better and more confidently managed
by other healthcare personnel rather than GPs, because most GPs do not gain the necessary treatment skills
during their training
. Refer those conditions which may benefit from early referral to an orthopaedic surgeon
The four most common categories of shoulder pain
seen in primary care are (Mitchell, Adebajo, Hay, &
Carr, 2005):
. Rotator cuff disorders (85% tendinopathy)
. Glenohumeral disorders
. Acromioclavicular joint disease, and
. Referred neck pain.
There are many different types of sports that can cause
acute or chronic shoulder injuries. In professional English
Rugby Union, for example, the most common match
injury is of the acromioclavicular joint (32% overall) and
the most severe injury requiring the longest time off
(mean of 81 days) is shoulder dislocation (Headey,
Brooks, & Kemp, 2007).
Shoulder injuries can also occur in non-contact sports,
such as golf, tennis, swimming and weightlifting.
Although shoulder injuries may be more common in con-
tact sports, the injury may have a larger impact on the
performance of individuals playing non-contact sports.
For example, golfers require very precise manoeuvres
of their dominant.
This document discusses various types of posture including active, inactive, and abnormal postures. It describes the postural mechanism which involves reflexes, somatosensory, visual, and vestibular systems working together. Good and poor posture patterns are defined. Principles of re-education include finding the cause and gaining patient cooperation. Techniques include general relaxation, pain treatment, mobility exercises, and strengthening weak muscles. Causes and characteristics of different abnormal postures like forward head, flat back, and scoliosis are provided.
1) Spondylosis is a degenerative disorder that causes general wear and tear in the spine and is common in people over age 60.
2) It can affect the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar regions of the spine and may cause loss of normal spinal shape and function as well as pain.
3) The causes include aging as the discs dehydrate and lose support for the vertebrae, repetitive strain, smoking, genetics, and previous injuries. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation through medications, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery.
The document summarizes a case of a 29-year-old male patient referred to physical therapy with complaints of gradually developed right knee pain, increased stiffness with activity, mild swelling, and occasional popping sound while climbing stairs. The patient is an avid long distance runner covering 10 miles 4 days a week and occasionally does biking. The physical therapist suspects possible right iliotibial band syndrome based on the patient's medical history and symptoms affecting his normal exercise routine.
Conservative Osteopathic Management of Musculo-Skeletal Pain from WhiplashMegan Hughes
Conservative Osteopathic Management of Musculo-Skeletal Pain from Whiplash
The document discusses how a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) treats whiplash injuries using manual therapy techniques. It describes whiplash as an injury to the neck caused by sudden head movement that can damage ligaments, tendons, muscles and discs in the neck. A D.O. uses specific manual techniques to correct somatic dysfunctions in the neck caused by whiplash and reduce pain and restricted motion. Manual therapy helps relax muscles, improve alignment and blood flow to aid healing. However, some whiplash injuries may cause permanent damage and require ongoing maintenance treatment.
A hip pointer is a bruise on the pelvis caused by a direct blow to the iliac crest. It usually occurs in contact sports or from a fall onto the hip. Symptoms include severe pain in the upper outer hip, tenderness, swelling, bruising, and decreased range of motion. Treatment involves rest, ice, anti-inflammatory drugs, and sometimes corticosteroid injections. Physical therapy may be needed to regain mobility and strength through exercises like stretching, strengthening the core and hip muscles, and improving range of motion. Full recovery usually takes 1 to 3 weeks but can take longer if a fracture is involved.
A hip pointer is a bruise on the pelvis caused by a direct blow to the iliac crest. It usually occurs in contact sports or from a fall onto the hip. Symptoms include severe pain in the upper outer hip, tenderness, swelling, bruising, and decreased range of motion. Treatment involves rest, ice, anti-inflammatory drugs, and sometimes corticosteroid injections. Physical therapy may be needed to regain mobility and strength through exercises like stretching, strengthening the core and hip muscles, and improving range of motion. Full recovery usually takes 1-3 weeks but can take longer if a fracture is involved.
A hip pointer is a bruise on the pelvis caused by a direct blow to the iliac crest. It usually occurs in contact sports or from a fall onto the hip. Symptoms include severe pain in the upper outer hip, tenderness, swelling, bruising, and decreased range of motion. Treatment involves rest, ice, anti-inflammatory drugs, and sometimes steroid injections. Physical therapy may be needed to regain mobility and strength through exercises like stretching, strengthening the core and hip muscles, and improving range of motion. Full recovery usually takes 1-3 weeks but can take longer if a fracture is involved.
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Thoracic Vertebrae: Anatomy, Function, and Common Disorders | The Lifesciences Magazine
1. Understanding Thoracic Vertebrae:
Anatomy, Function, and Common
Disorders
The thoracic vertebrae are a crucial part of the vertebral column, providing structural support and
protecting vital organs. These twelve vertebrae, located in the middle segment of the spine, play a
significant role in our overall spinal health. This article delves into the anatomy, function, and
common disorders associated with the thoracic vertebrae, offering a comprehensive guide to
understanding this vital component of the human body.
Anatomy of Thoracic Vertebrae
1. General Structure
The thoracic vertebrae are twelve in number, labeled T1 through T12. Each thoracic vertebra has
several components:
Vertebral Body: The thick, disc-shaped anterior portion that bears weight.
Vertebral Arch: Formed by the pedicles and laminae, it encloses the vertebral foramen.
Spinous Process: A bony projection off the posterior of the vertebral arch, palpable through
the skin.
Transverse Processes: Extend laterally from the vertebral arch and serve as attachment points
for muscles and ligaments.
Articular Facets: Superior and inferior facets that connect adjacent vertebrae and allow for
controlled movement.
2. 2. Unique Features
Thoracic vertebrae have unique features that differentiate them from cervical and lumbar
vertebrae:
Rib Articulations: Each thoracic vertebra has facets on the sides of the vertebral bodies and
transverse processes for rib attachment.
Heart-Shaped Bodies: The vertebral bodies of thoracic vertebrae are roughly heart-shaped.
Long Spinous Processes: These processes point downward, overlapping the vertebra below,
which limits the range of motion.
Function of Thoracic Vertebrae
Source – Spine-health
1. Support and Stability
The primary function of the thoracic vertebrae is to provide support and stability to the upper
body. They form the central part of the spine, bearing the weight of the head, neck, and upper
limbs.
2. Protection of Vital Organs
The thoracic vertebrae, in conjunction with the ribs and sternum, create the rib cage. This bony
structure protects vital organs such as the heart and lungs from external trauma.
3. Facilitation of Movement
3. Though the range of motion in the thoracic spine is more restricted compared to the cervical and
lumbar regions, it still allows for essential movements such as rotation and bending. The rib
attachments also aid in respiratory movements, facilitating breathing.
Common Disorders of Thoracic Vertebrae
1. Thoracic Kyphosis
Thoracic kyphosis is an exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic spine, leading to a
hunched back appearance. It can be caused by:
Postural Kyphosis: Due to poor posture, common in adolescents.
Scheuermann’s Disease: A growth disorder resulting in wedge-shaped vertebrae.
Osteoporosis: Weakened bones can lead to vertebral compression fractures, causing kyphosis.
2. Thoracic Herniated Disc
A thoracic herniated disc occurs when the intervertebral disc between two thoracic vertebrae
protrudes or ruptures, compressing spinal nerves. Symptoms include:
Pain: Localized or radiating pain, often exacerbated by movement.
Numbness and Weakness: In the torso or legs, depending on the affected nerve.
3. Thoracic Spondylosis
Thoracic spondylosis refers to the degenerative changes in the thoracic spine due to aging. These
changes can lead to:
Bone Spurs: Bony growths that can compress nerves and cause pain.
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: This leads to loss of disc height and flexibility.
4. Compression Fractures
Compression fractures occur when a vertebra collapses due to trauma or osteoporosis. These
fractures can cause:
Severe Back Pain: Especially upon movement or pressure.
Height Loss: Due to the collapsing of vertebral bodies.
Kyphosis: Worsening the curvature of the spine.
Diagnosis of Thoracic Vertebrae Disorders
4. Source – Hiranandani Hospital
1. Physical Examination
A thorough physical examination is the first step in diagnosing thoracic vertebrae disorders. This
includes:
Inspection: Observing posture and spinal alignment.
Palpation: Feeling for tenderness, deformities, or muscle spasms.
Range of Motion Tests: Assessing the flexibility and movement of the thoracic spine.
2. Imaging Studies
Imaging studies provide detailed views of the thoracic vertebrae and help in identifying structural
abnormalities.
X-Rays: Useful for detecting fractures, alignment issues, and degenerative changes.
MRI: Provides detailed images of soft tissues, including intervertebral discs and spinal cord.
CT Scans: Offer cross-sectional images that help in assessing bone structures and any
potential lesions.
3. Neurological Tests
Neurological tests evaluate nerve function and help in identifying any nerve compression caused
by thoracic vertebrae disorders.
Reflex Tests: Checking for abnormal reflexes indicating nerve damage.
Sensory Tests: Assessing sensitivity to touch, pain, and temperature.
Motor Tests: Evaluating muscle strength and function.
Treatment of Thoracic Vertebrae Disorders
5. 1. Conservative Treatments
For many thoracic vertebrae disorders, conservative treatments are effective in managing
symptoms and promoting recovery.
Physical Therapy: Strengthening and stretching exercises to improve posture, flexibility, and
muscle support.
Medications: Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and muscle relaxants to manage pain
and inflammation.
Bracing: Using a back brace to provide support and prevent further deformity in cases of
kyphosis or compression fractures.
2. Interventional Treatments
When conservative treatments are insufficient, interventional procedures may be necessary.
Epidural Steroid Injections: Reducing inflammation and pain by delivering steroids directly
into the epidural space.
Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty: Minimally invasive procedures to stabilize compression
fractures and restore vertebral height.
3. Surgical Treatments
Source – Spinal News International
In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required to correct structural abnormalities and
relieve nerve compression.
Discectomy: Removing a herniated disc that is compressing spinal nerves.
Spinal Fusion: Fusing two or more vertebrae together to provide stability and correct
deformities.
6. Decompression Surgery: Removing bone spurs or other structures compressing the spinal
cord or nerves.
Preventing Thoracic Vertebrae Disorders
1. Good Posture
Maintaining good posture is essential for preventing thoracic vertebrae disorders. Proper
ergonomics while sitting, standing, and lifting can reduce the risk of developing issues.
2. Regular Exercise
Engaging in regular exercise, including strength training, flexibility exercises, and aerobic
activities, helps maintain spinal health and prevents degenerative changes.
3. Bone Health
Maintaining strong bones through adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, along with regular
weight-bearing exercises, can prevent osteoporosis-related fractures.
4. Avoiding Trauma
Taking precautions to avoid traumatic injuries, such as wearing seat belts, using proper lifting
techniques, and ensuring a safe home environment, can prevent fractures and other injuries to the
thoracic vertebrae.
Conclusion
The thoracic vertebrae are a vital component of the spinal column, providing support, stability,
and protection to the upper body and vital organs. Understanding the anatomy, function, and
common disorders of the thoracic vertebrae is essential for maintaining spinal health and
addressing any issues that arise. Through proper diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures,
individuals can manage thoracic vertebrae disorders effectively and maintain a healthy, active
lifestyle. As our understanding of spinal health continues to evolve, ongoing research and
advancements in medical treatments promise improved outcomes for those affected by thoracic
vertebrae conditions.
7. 3 Ways to Keep Your Back Healthy and Steer Clear of the Spine
Surgeon
Back pain is a common problem that affects millions of people, with surgery being a last resort
for chronic or severe cases. In this article, we will explore three effective ways to keep your back
healthy and avoid the need for spine surgery.
Read More