This is the list that the student responded to Select 1 of the following topics and write a thoughtful discussion of the topic. Remember to support your comments with relevant information from course resources or other academic resources. Properly cite all information borrowed from other sources in the body of posts and list the sources citations at the end of the post. 1. In chapter 17, the authors mentioned Grand Theories and gave examples of these theories (e.g., Psychodynamic, Cognitive-Behavioral). Select one of these theories and provide an overview of the propositions made by the theory. Does this theory seem applicable to multicultural counseling? Why or why not? Is this theory consistent with the teachings of the Bible? 2. In chapter 18, the authors question the cultural validity of diagnosing multicultural clients. What do the authors conclude about the issue? Do you agree with the authors? Why or why not? 3. In chapter 19, the authors discuss the future of multicultural counseling theory and practice. What do they conclude? Do you agree or disagree? Why or why not? You will look at the post of JACQUELINE, WHO ANSWER # 2 QUESTION, and Heather “post Question 3 see how they respond and you are to respond to each student post. ( YOU ARE ACTUAL SPEAKING TO THE STUDENTS ABOUT WHAT THEY WROTE, your replies should also have a reference) Do you understand? A reply to Jacqueline’s Post with a least 200 words or more Question 2 Top of Form The American Psychiatric Association published the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as a guide line to assist counselors in the diagnosis of mentally ill clients.  Individuals have challenged the use of the DSM in diagnosing individuals that differ from the dominant culture (Hays and Erford, 2014, p. 500).  Individuals that oppose diagnosing individuals that differ from the dominant culture, question whether proper diagnosis can occur from a system that was developed and based upon European American individuals (Hays and Erford, 2014, p. 500).  Without proper educational training concerning Culture within counseling sessions, it is easy to discriminate intentional or unintentional against clients. According to Hays and Erford (2014), discrimination should not be a factor in counseling sessions and counselors have the responsibility to commit themselves to gaining knowledge, personal awareness, sensitivity, and skills pertinent to working with diverse client populations (p. 499).  If the proper cultural assessment is not acquired and counselors ignore the importance of cultural differences, it can lead to unfair and unethical testing practices and diagnoses (Hays and Erford, 2014, p. 501).  Proper assessment is a prominent factor to cultural assessment—what may be normal to one culture may not be normal to another culture. Normal versus abnormal are also major factors when assessing multicultural clients.  Governmental laws have been changed many times which in return gener ...

1. This is the list that the student responded to
Select 1 of the following topics and write a thoughtful
discussion of the topic. Remember to support your comments
with relevant information from course resources or other
academic resources. Properly cite all information borrowed
from other sources in the body of posts and list the sources
citations at the end of the post.
1. In chapter 17, the authors mentioned Grand Theories and
gave examples of these theories (e.g., Psychodynamic,
Cognitive-Behavioral). Select one of these theories and provide
an overview of the propositions made by the theory. Does this
theory seem applicable to multicultural counseling? Why or why
not? Is this theory consistent with the teachings of the Bible?
2. In chapter 18, the authors question the cultural validity of
diagnosing multicultural clients. What do the authors conclude
about the issue? Do you agree with the authors? Why or why
not?
3. In chapter 19, the authors discuss the future of multicultural
counseling theory and practice. What do they conclude? Do you
agree or disagree? Why or why not?
You will look at the post of JACQUELINE, WHO ANSWER # 2
QUESTION,
and Heather “post Question 3 see how they respond and you are
to respond to each student post.
( YOU ARE ACTUAL SPEAKING TO THE STUDENTS
ABOUT WHAT THEY WROTE, your replies should also have a
reference) Do you understand?
A reply to Jacqueline’s Post with a least 200 words or more
Question 2
Top of Form
The American Psychiatric Association published the Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as a guide

2. line to assist counselors in the diagnosis of mentally ill clients.
Individuals have challenged the use of the DSM in diagnosing
individuals that differ from the dominant culture (Hays and
Erford, 2014, p. 500). Individuals that oppose diagnosing
individuals that differ from the dominant culture, question
whether proper diagnosis can occur from a system that was
developed and based upon European American individuals
(Hays and Erford, 2014, p. 500). Without proper educational
training concerning Culture within counseling sessions, it is
easy to discriminate intentional or unintentional against clients.
According to Hays and Erford (2014), discrimination should not
be a factor in counseling sessions and counselors have the
responsibility to commit themselves to gaining knowledge,
personal awareness, sensitivity, and skills pertinent to working
with diverse client populations (p. 499). If the proper cultural
assessment is not acquired and counselors ignore the importance
of cultural differences, it can lead to unfair and unethical
testing practices and diagnoses (Hays and Erford, 2014, p.
501). Proper assessment is a prominent factor to cultural
assessment—what may be normal to one culture may not be
normal to another culture.
Normal versus abnormal are also major factors when assessing
multicultural clients. Governmental laws have been changed
many times which in return generates new norms. For example,
homosexuality was previously diagnosed as mental illness—in
contemporary society it is now viewed as normal (Hays and
Erford, 2014, p. 503). Norms and abnormalities can result in
overdiagnosis, underdiagnosis, misdiagnosis, and sampling
bias—norms within each culture determines how individuals
that are associated with the individual respond to distress or
problematic behaviors, particularly when deciding the intensity
or severity of the problem before intervention is perceived as
necessary (Hays and Erford, 2014, p. 505).

3. As a result of the various concepts implemented by DSM,
counselors should be aware that DSM is only one piece of
comprehensive assessments, which assists counselors with their
work with the client (Hays and Erford, 2014, p. 521).
Counselors perhaps should consider DSM as a first step to help
a client while comprehending that DSM’s limited scope and
allow other options outside of DSM diagnosis (Hays and Erford,
2014, p. 521). I agree with the decision concerning
comprehensive assessment. It is imperative that multicultural
counseling and assessment consist of no discriminating factors
that lead to wrong diagnoses.
References
Hays, D. G., Erford, B. T. (2014). Developing multicultural
counseling competence: A systems approach2nd ed. Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Please reply to Heather “post with at least 200 words or more
Question 3-week
Top of Form
This writer read chapter nineteen in the textbook to see where
the future of multicultural counseling is heading. The ressults
are that there are more than one direction that multicultural
counseling is heading in. One direction: "is to make sure
counselors are educated in multicultural counseling" (Hays &
Erford, 2014, p. 538). "Multicultural counseling practice also
involves integrating several roles: working with individuals,
families, and groups in traditional clinical settings and
educational environments; empowering clients; linking social
and community services; providing guidance and support across
the life span; and consulting and collaberating with other health
professionals as well as social and community members" (Hays
& Erford, 2014, p. 538).
This writer agrees with the findings of the future of
multicultural counseling that the authors suggest. This writer

4. thinks that it is very important for the counselors to be
competent in multicultural counseling, because the counselors
are seen as experts in their fields. In other words, the
counselors are looked up to, and better know what they are
talking about. If counselors did not know what they were
talking about, and they were seen as experts, they would lose
trust. Not only that, but they would lose their client base. In
addition to all that loss, they would have no right to practice
counseling on people.
This writer does not want to be a counselor. This writer wants
to be a life coach. As a life coach, this writer would guide the
client to their goals wih the client doing all the work. In
counseling, the counselor does all the work, and the client just
follows. This writer has a problem with authority, and as a
result, does not like to tell people what to do. This writer thinks
that half the people do not listen anyway, and the other half not
only listen but follows through just to spite the counselor. Put
another way, a life coach is like a lit lighhouse on the rocks
warning ships about the rocks, and counseling is like a rowboat
where the counseling does all the rowing. I would rather be the
lighthouse, than the rowboat.
In conclusion, I agree with the authors about the future of
multicultural counseling because it just makes sense. Then, I
got a little off topic. I went into the difference between
counselors and life coaches and then tried to explain why I did
not want to be a counselor using analogies.
References
Hays, D.G., & Erford, B.T. (2014). Developing multicultural
counseling competence: A systematic approach. Upper Saddle
River, New Jersey: Pearson Education,
Incorporated.
Bottom of Form
Bottom of Form

5. This is the list that the student responded to
Select 1 of the following topics and write a thoughtful
discussion of the topic. Remember to
support your comments with relevant information from course
resources or other academic
resources. Properly cite
all information borrowed from other sources in the body of
posts and list
the sources citations at the end of the post.
1.
In chapter 17, the authors mentioned Grand Theories and gave
examples of these theories
(e.g., Psychodynamic, Cognitive
-
Behavioral). Sel
ect one of these theories and provide an
overview of the propositions made by the theory. Does this
theory seem applicable to
multicultural counseling? Why or why not? Is this theory
consistent with the teachings of
the Bible?
2.
In chapter 18, the authors qu
estion the cultural validity of diagnosing multicultural
clients. What do the authors conclude about the issue? Do you
agree with the authors?
Why or why not?

6. 3.
In chapter 19, the authors discuss the future of multicultural
counseling theory and
practice. Wh
at do they conclude? Do you agree or disagree? Why or why
not?
You will look at the post of JACQUELINE, WHO ANSWER # 2
QUESTION,
and Heather “post
Question 3
see how they respond and you are to respond to each student
post.
( YOU ARE ACTUAL SPEAKING TO
THE STUDENTS ABOUT WHAT THEY WROTE, your replies
should also
have a reference) Do you understand?
A reply to Jacqueline
’s
Post with a least
200
words or more
Question 2
The American Psychiatric Association published the

7. Diagnostic and Stati
stical Manual
of Mental Disorders
(DSM) as a guide line to assist counselors in the diagnosis of
mentally ill
clients.
Individuals have challenged the use of the DSM in diagnosing
individuals that differ
from the dominant culture (Hays and Erford, 2014, p
. 500).
Individuals that oppose diagnosing
individuals that differ from the dominant culture, question
whether proper diagnosis can occur
from a system that was developed and based upon European
American individuals (Hays and
Erford, 2014, p. 500).
Witho
ut proper educational training concerning Culture within
counseling
sessions, it is easy to discriminate intentional or unintentional
against clients.
HSCO 509
Discussion Board Grading Rubric
Student:
Criteria
Points Possible

8. Points
Earned
Instructor’s Comments
Thread: Major points are supported by the following:
1. Lecture material or Scripture;
2. Pertinent, conceptual, or personal examples; and
3. Thoughtful analysis (considering assumptions, analyzing
implications, comparing/contrasting concepts).
Clarity is brought to issues being discussed, relating issues to
Scripture/biblical principles and experience
The thread interacts with a minimum of 1 academic resource
Required word count (400 words) is met.
45
Replies: The student made a minimum of 2 reply posts to the
threads of other classmates.
The replies must:
1. Be substantive,
2. Bring clarity to issues being discussed by relating issues to
Scripture/biblical principles and experience,
3. Interact with a minimum of 1 academic resource in each reply
post,
4. Meet the required word count (200 words each) for 2 replies.
45
Format, spelling, and grammar are correct.
10
Total
100

9. 2
Topic: After reading Jacobs et al., think of a group you may
lead and then think of 3 dyad situations that would be helpful.
Be sure to discuss how each of the 3 chosen uses of dyads
would be valuable to your group. Make sure to properly cite
your sources and reference your citations at the end.
Their answer is to the above post; and you are to answer their
post at least 150 words or more
CLASS HSCO 511 Replies to:
Kristan Hart
My observation of Alcoholics Anonymous was insightful and if
I had the opportunity to use the effectiveness of dyads when
leading a group, I would like to apply those techniques to this
group. The group is facilitated and driven by the members,
therefore there is not as much structure as there would be in a
more structured or professional lead meeting. The purpose of
implementing dyads would not be to overhaul the AA process,
but to allow a different perspective and level of engagement
amongst the members and facilitator. Being a trained
professional, I would use the opportunity to implement a
counseling aspect to the environment of sharing. Based on
member comments during observation, the role of the sponsor is
to provide personal, one on one accountability and support, but
the ability to understand themselves and others is a critical area
that is absent from the process. Members mentioned being
advised to seek counseling, but the use of dyads may add this
element on a consistent basis. Comfort is something that is
apparently present amongst the group I observed, however using
a dyad to finish or transition to another topic would be

10. beneficial to highlight what has been covered through member
comments, and takeaways from those comments (Jacobs,
Masson, Harvill, & Schimmel, 2016). Each person can interpret
another member’s comments based on their perception or
experience, but by using a dyad to finish a topic, common
interpretations amongst the group can be discussed to give
different perspectives for each member to consider. Next, I
would use the dyad to get certain members together. Although
the bylaws of AA discourage fraternization, there is a need to
establish an understanding of healthy conflict resolution. Using
this dyad will help the members understand how to verbalize
their frustration versus numbing it by using alcohol or other
substances. Lastly, I would use the changing the format dyad to
allow for some professional, leader given input. Within a group
there are common dilemmas and issues that each of the members
are confronted with through ought their lives. This part of the
AA transformation would be to give professional feedback and
understand commonalities and struggles that many people
encounter and measures to navigate through those instances
with professional input. Proverbs 4:7 New Living Translation,
“The beginning of wisdom is this: Get wisdom. Though it cost
all you have, get understanding”. The comfort offered as each
person shares their victories and struggles in these settings is
beneficial, but what will prove to extend the benefits of this
group, I believe is understanding the behaviors that continue to
perpetuate their addiction.
Jacobs, E. E., Masson, R. L., Harvill, R. L., & Schimmel, C. J.
(2016). Group counseling: Strategies and skills (8th Ed.).
Boston, MA: Cengage Learning
Reply 150 words or more
Sharquita Dudley
Dyads in Counseling and Therapy Groups
Top of Form
As a future LCSW I may lead Counseling and Therapy Groups.

11. Dyads will be useful in these groups by the following;
Developing Comfort, Processing Information and group
exercises and Providing Leader/ Member interaction.
Counseling and Therapy Groups are for persons who have more
severe problems that I deem difficult. “In the first or second
session of a group, members are uncomfortable at the prospect
of talking in front of other people” (Jacob et al 2012, p.211).
The use of Dyads will assist in developing comfort for group
members. This also will allow the group members to identify
personal issues while building safety for the group. In addition
using dyads in Counseling and Therapy Groups will give room
for members to process information and group exercises. With
this type of group I would be responsible to help the clients
work on their issues. With use of different exercises bringing up
different emotions, questions, and further self- actualization the
group needs a chance to be able to process this information.
Jacob et al describes this use of Dyads as “providing each
member with the opportunity to give reactions, share ideas, or
raise questions” (Jacob et al 2012, p. 212). This allows
everyone to share as well. Especially if it is a big group and
limited time. Lastly, in In Counseling and Therapy Groups
Dyads will assist in providing Leader/ Member Interaction. Due
to the variety and severity of the client’s disorders in
Counseling and Therapy Groups the leader may need to spend
one on one time with individual members. Creating Dyads at
this time would be helpful for the leader while creating an
opportunity for members to bond.
References
Jacobs, Ed. Masson, Bob. Harvill, Riley. Schimmel, Christine.
(2012). Group counseling strategies and skills. Belmont
California: Brooks/Cole.
Bottom of Form

12. Topic
: After reading Jacobs et al., think of a group you may lead
and then think of 3 dyad
situations that would be helpful. Be sure to discuss how each of
the 3 chosen uses of dyads
would be valuable to your group. Make sure to properly cite
your sources and reference your
citations at the end.
Their
answer is to the above post
; and you are to answer their post
at least 150 words or more
CLASS HSCO 511 Replies to:
Kristan Hart
My observation of Alcoholics Anonymous wa
s insightful and if I had the opportunity to use the
effectiveness of dyads when leading a group, I would like to
apply those techniques to this
group. The group is facilitated and driven by the members,
therefore there is not as much

13. structure as there wo
uld be in a more structured or professional lead meeting. The
purpose of
implementing dyads would not be to overhaul the AA process,
but to allow a different
perspective and level of engagement amongst the members and
facilitator. Being a trained
professio
nal, I would use the opportunity to implement a counseling
aspect to the environment of
sharing. Based on member comments during observation, the
role of the sponsor is to provide
personal, one on one accountability and support, but the ability
to understa
nd themselves and
others is a critical area that is absent from the process. Members
mentioned being advised to seek
counseling, but the use of dyads may add this element on a
consistent basis. Comfort is
something that is apparently present amongst the gr
oup I observed, however using a dyad to
finish or transition to another topic would be beneficial to
highlight what has been covered
through member comments, and takeaways from those
comments (Jacobs, Masson, Harvill, &
Schimmel, 2016). Each person can int
erpret another member’s comments based on their
perception or experience, but by using a dyad to finish a topic,
common interpretations amongst
the group can be discussed to give different perspectives for
each member to consider. Next, I
would use the dya
d to get certain members together. Although the bylaws of AA
discourage
fraternization, there is a need to establish an understanding of
healthy conflict resolution. Using

14. this dyad will help the members understand how to verbalize
their frustration versus
numbing it
by using alcohol or other substances. Lastly, I would use the
changing the format dyad to allow
for some professional, leader given input. Within a group there
are common dilemmas and issues
that each of the members are confronted with through
ought their lives. This part of the AA
transformation would be to give professional feedback and
understand commonalities and
struggles that many people encounter and measures to navigate
through those instances with
professional input. Proverbs 4:7 New Li
ving Translation, “The beginning of wisdom is this: Get
wisdom. Though it cost all you have, get understanding”. The
comfort offered as each person
shares their victories and struggles in these settings is
beneficial, but what will prove to extend