Thinkers
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The document summarizes the ideas of several thinkers from the 18th and 19th centuries and how they relate to classical liberalism. Hobbes believed humans are selfish and would give up rights to a ruler for protection, with the ability to overthrow if unprotected. Locke focused on natural rights like life, liberty, and property. Montesquieu advocated for separation of government powers. Smith believed free markets and limited government would benefit society through self-interest. Mill emphasized individual rights and freedoms limited to preventing harm. Ricardo said wages should be set by supply and demand. Dickens wanted to expose poor working conditions. The document analyzes how each thinker contributed ideas around individual rights, limited government, and economic freedom
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![[object Object],The “thinker” from the 18th and 19th century that best reflects my personal view points is Mill. He focuses his thinking on individual rights and freedoms, but is limited to whether or not it harms others. This is important when referring to classical liberalisms transition to contemporary liberalism, and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. If we did not have limitations of these freedoms, the countries and society would no longer be civil.<br />](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/thinkers-100614140437-phpapp02/85/Thinkers-1-320.jpg)
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The document summarizes the ideas of several 18th and 19th century thinkers and how their ideas related to classical liberalism. Hobbes believed humans are selfish and would give up rights to a ruler for protection, with the ability to overthrow a ruler not providing protection. Locke focused on natural rights like life, liberty, and property, and government accountability. Montesquieu advocated for separation of government powers and rule of law. Smith believed free markets and limited government allowing self-interest would benefit society. Mill and Dickens emphasized individual rights and freedoms, with Dickens also noting environmental and child labor issues limiting freedom. Their ideas commonly centered around individual rights, limited government, rule of law, and economic freedom.
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The document summarizes the radical ideas of several thinkers and how they relate to classical liberalism. It discusses Hobbes' belief in a social contract giving power to a leader for protection, Locke's view of natural rights to life, liberty, property, and consent of the governed. It also outlines Montesquieu's separation of government powers, Smith's invisible hand of the free market, Mill's emphasis on individual rights and liberties, and Ricardo's view that wages be set by supply and demand. The document concludes by stating Locke and Mill best align with the author's view of individual rights, freedoms, and limited government.
Thinkers
The document discusses the ideas of several classical liberal thinkers and how they relate to individual rights and limited government. It analyzes the viewpoints of Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Smith, Mill, and Ricardo. Overall, the key ideas discussed include natural individual rights like life, liberty, property; limited government and separation of powers; economic freedom and free markets; and freedom of speech. While agreeing with many of these principles, the document expresses that some government role is still needed in certain areas like economic regulation and national leadership.
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The document discusses connections between liberalism and two important declarations - the Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Both declarations support key tenets of classical liberalism like rule of law, economic freedom, private property rights, and individual rights and freedoms. The Declaration of Independence also asserts that the British Crown failed to uphold these liberal principles. Influential liberal thinkers like Hobbes, Smith, and Locke helped shape the declarations through their philosophies emphasizing individual rights, limited government, and free market economics.
Liberalism - consent and constitutionalism
The document discusses key concepts of liberalism such as constitutionalism, consent, and limited government. It defines important terms like separation of powers, representative democracy, and checks and balances. Examples are given of how liberal principles are reflected in the constitutions of countries like the US and UK. The document concludes by mentioning influential thinkers like Montesquieu and Lord Acton who helped develop ideas around limiting state power.
Introduction to Liberalism
Liberals view freedom as an individual right that entails responsibility to not harm others or limit their freedom. They support the state and laws to enforce this responsibility. Liberals also view the state as needing popular consent and accountability to ensure it does not curtail freedom without justification, while being limited in scope to advance freedom and opportunity. Additionally, liberals support equal rights, tolerance, diversity, equality of opportunity, and social justice to ensure equality.
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Individualism developed after the Medieval period and Renaissance as people resisted hierarchies and focused on human potential. The Protestant Reformation also challenged authority and promoted individualistic ideals. Key principles of classical liberalism and individualism include the rule of law with equal treatment under clear rules, individual rights and freedoms like religion and voting, and private property rights over land and possessions. Economic freedom allows free markets with limited government intervention, and competition is seen as beneficial with individuals acting in self-interest inadvertently helping society through the "invisible hand" of supply and demand.
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The document summarizes the ideas of several 18th and 19th century thinkers and how their ideas related to classical liberalism. Hobbes believed humans are selfish and would give up rights to a ruler for protection, with the ability to overthrow a ruler not providing protection. Locke focused on natural rights like life, liberty, and property, and government accountability. Montesquieu advocated for separation of government powers and rule of law. Smith believed free markets and limited government allowing self-interest would benefit society. Mill and Dickens emphasized individual rights and freedoms, with Dickens also noting environmental and child labor issues limiting freedom. Their ideas commonly centered around individual rights, limited government, rule of law, and economic freedom.
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The document summarizes the radical ideas of several thinkers and how they relate to classical liberalism. It discusses Hobbes' belief in a social contract giving power to a leader for protection, Locke's view of natural rights to life, liberty, property, and consent of the governed. It also outlines Montesquieu's separation of government powers, Smith's invisible hand of the free market, Mill's emphasis on individual rights and liberties, and Ricardo's view that wages be set by supply and demand. The document concludes by stating Locke and Mill best align with the author's view of individual rights, freedoms, and limited government.
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The document discusses the ideas of several classical liberal thinkers and how they relate to individual rights and limited government. It analyzes the viewpoints of Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Smith, Mill, and Ricardo. Overall, the key ideas discussed include natural individual rights like life, liberty, property; limited government and separation of powers; economic freedom and free markets; and freedom of speech. While agreeing with many of these principles, the document expresses that some government role is still needed in certain areas like economic regulation and national leadership.
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The document discusses connections between liberalism and two important declarations - the Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Both declarations support key tenets of classical liberalism like rule of law, economic freedom, private property rights, and individual rights and freedoms. The Declaration of Independence also asserts that the British Crown failed to uphold these liberal principles. Influential liberal thinkers like Hobbes, Smith, and Locke helped shape the declarations through their philosophies emphasizing individual rights, limited government, and free market economics.
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The document discusses key concepts of liberalism such as constitutionalism, consent, and limited government. It defines important terms like separation of powers, representative democracy, and checks and balances. Examples are given of how liberal principles are reflected in the constitutions of countries like the US and UK. The document concludes by mentioning influential thinkers like Montesquieu and Lord Acton who helped develop ideas around limiting state power.
Introduction to Liberalism
Liberals view freedom as an individual right that entails responsibility to not harm others or limit their freedom. They support the state and laws to enforce this responsibility. Liberals also view the state as needing popular consent and accountability to ensure it does not curtail freedom without justification, while being limited in scope to advance freedom and opportunity. Additionally, liberals support equal rights, tolerance, diversity, equality of opportunity, and social justice to ensure equality.
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Individualism developed after the Medieval period and Renaissance as people resisted hierarchies and focused on human potential. The Protestant Reformation also challenged authority and promoted individualistic ideals. Key principles of classical liberalism and individualism include the rule of law with equal treatment under clear rules, individual rights and freedoms like religion and voting, and private property rights over land and possessions. Economic freedom allows free markets with limited government intervention, and competition is seen as beneficial with individuals acting in self-interest inadvertently helping society through the "invisible hand" of supply and demand.
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Thomas Hobbes believed that human nature is characterized by fear, violence, and self-interest. He believed that without a strong authority like a monarch, society would descend into chaos and people would be in constant danger. Hobbes advocated for an authoritarian government where individuals give up their freedom and sovereignty in exchange for security.
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Early liberals viewed freedom as political freedom and individual liberty. They believed individuals should be free from restrictions unless they harm others. Classical liberals saw freedom as negative freedom from government intervention. Modern liberals view freedom as positive freedom, where the state creates conditions for individuals to fulfill their potential and pursue self-development. Overall, liberals emphasize both individual rights and freedoms as well as an enabling role for the state in providing social and economic conditions for positive freedom.
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Modern liberals have justified liberal democracy on the grounds of consent, as democracy seeks to ensure that government rests on the consent of the people. Additionally, democracy promotes individual interests by allowing citizens to protect themselves from government overreach through voting. Participation in democracy is also seen as educational for citizens and a way to advance personal development and civil liberties. A pluralist view is that democracy maintains political stability by giving competing groups a voice and binding them to the political system.
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The document discusses the Historical Theory of Rights. According to this theory, rights are products of historical evolution rather than being created by the state. Over long periods of time, human societies evolved customs and traditions for the common good, which eventually became the basis for written laws and the recognition of individual rights. While the theory correctly notes that some rights arose from history, its defects are that not all rights stem from history and some are created by state laws, which can override historical practices like aspects of the Indian caste system.
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Human rights are basic liberties and institutions that belong to all people regardless of factors like status or ethnicity in order to guarantee human dignity. While human rights have historically been violated, organizations like the United Nations and Amnesty International work to establish international agreements protecting human rights and seek justice for rights violations. Amnesty International specifically opposes retaliation or torture against aggressors.
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Human rights are rights and freedoms that all humans are entitled to by virtue of being human. While there is no consensus on the precise definition, human rights are generally conceived as universal and egalitarian. Ancient Greece developed early concepts of democracy, rights, freedom, and the rule of law. In the Middle Ages, conflicts led to a concentration of power in kings and courts. The Magna Carta established new guarantees of privileges and required the king to not levy taxes without consent. Key characteristics of human rights are that they are inherent, universal, absolute, inalienable, indivisible, and progressive. While many countries recognize human rights, some like Cuba, Venezuela, Iran and China are seen as not respecting human
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The document discusses several attempts by Western nations to impose principles of modern liberalism such as human rights, labor standards, unions, and welfare states on non-liberal societies with mixed results. It provides Vietnam in the 1950s-70s as an example where the United States unsuccessfully tried to implement principles like rule of law, private property rights, welfare programs, and democratic elections. The imposition of these principles failed to take hold in Vietnam's political and economic systems due to factors like corruption and an unreceptive population, and the war resulted in millions of deaths across Indochina and thousands of American soldiers.
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Thomas Hobbes believed that human nature is characterized by fear, violence, and self-interest. He believed that without a strong authority like a monarch, society would descend into chaos and people would be in constant danger. Hobbes advocated for an authoritarian government where individuals give up their freedom and sovereignty in exchange for security.
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This document contrasts capitalism and egoism with collectivism and altruism. Capitalism and egoism are based on individual rights and private property, with individuals living for their own sake. Collectivism and altruism assert that individuals should live for others and that the state controls the economy and individual lives. Under capitalism, the government protects individual rights and has limited functions, while under collectivism the government has unchecked power over citizens and the economy.
Liberalism and freedom
Early liberals viewed freedom as political freedom and individual liberty. They believed individuals should be free from restrictions unless they harm others. Classical liberals saw freedom as negative freedom from government intervention. Modern liberals view freedom as positive freedom, where the state creates conditions for individuals to fulfill their potential and pursue self-development. Overall, liberals emphasize both individual rights and freedoms as well as an enabling role for the state in providing social and economic conditions for positive freedom.
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This document discusses the tension between classical and modern liberalism regarding the suspension of rights and freedoms during times of crisis. It argues that while temporary suspension may be necessary to maintain democracy, governments must not abuse this power by rejecting rights and freedoms permanently or allowing individuals too much authority over citizens. The document examines examples like the FLQ Crisis in Canada and Hitler's rise in Germany to show how crises can be manipulated to reject liberal principles and consolidate authoritarian power. Ultimately, it concludes that rights must be suspended narrowly and democratically to resolve emergencies, not undermine the system permanently or transfer control to any single person.Rights Theory
This document provides an overview of rights theory, beginning with a brief history of important documents that established rights such as the Magna Carta, Declaration of Independence, and Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It discusses the concepts of natural law, natural rights, and human rights, and that human rights belong to all humans by virtue of their humanity. The document also outlines different types of rights like absolute, limited, and qualified rights, as well as negative and positive rights. It considers rights in relation to property, women, work, animals, and law.
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Liberalism and democracy
Modern liberals have justified liberal democracy on the grounds of consent, as democracy seeks to ensure that government rests on the consent of the people. Additionally, democracy promotes individual interests by allowing citizens to protect themselves from government overreach through voting. Participation in democracy is also seen as educational for citizens and a way to advance personal development and civil liberties. A pluralist view is that democracy maintains political stability by giving competing groups a voice and binding them to the political system.
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The document discusses different types of rights theory, including natural law, natural rights, and human rights. It notes that Cyrus the Great freed slaves in Babylon in 539 BC, establishing racial equality and freedom of religion. The document defines rights as entitlements to perform certain actions or be in certain states. It explains that human rights belong to all humans by virtue of their humanity, and are universal, inalienable, and indivisible. The document outlines different types of human rights and concepts of rights, including negative rights to noninterference and positive rights to well-being.
Growth of A Democratic Culture
The document discusses the evolution of civil, political, economic, and social rights from the 18th century revolutions through modern times. It began with the rights to participate in government through voting, freedom of speech and assembly in the American and French Revolutions. Later revolutions expanded rights to include economic rights and social responsibility as well as self-determination. An authentic democratic culture requires respect for individuals, recognition of human dignity, and concern for the public good through open communication.
Human rights
This document discusses human rights and provides a brief history and overview. It defines human rights as moral principles that describe standards of human behavior that are legally protected. It notes that human rights are understood as fundamental rights inherent to all people regardless of attributes. The belief in universal human rights is a relatively new development that arose from earlier cultural traditions addressing duties, rights, and responsibilities. The document outlines several theories of human rights, including natural rights theories based on moral order, social contract theories involving agreements to form governing institutions, and reciprocity theories centered on treating others as you wish to be treated.
The Historical Theory of Rights
The document discusses the Historical Theory of Rights. According to this theory, rights are products of historical evolution rather than being created by the state. Over long periods of time, human societies evolved customs and traditions for the common good, which eventually became the basis for written laws and the recognition of individual rights. While the theory correctly notes that some rights arose from history, its defects are that not all rights stem from history and some are created by state laws, which can override historical practices like aspects of the Indian caste system.
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Human rights are basic liberties and institutions that belong to all people regardless of factors like status or ethnicity in order to guarantee human dignity. While human rights have historically been violated, organizations like the United Nations and Amnesty International work to establish international agreements protecting human rights and seek justice for rights violations. Amnesty International specifically opposes retaliation or torture against aggressors.
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This document discusses the relationship between human rights and the theory of liberalism. It provides a liberal critique of how modern human rights have derived from earlier liberal views on individual dignity and freedom. The document argues that while human rights aim to protect individuals, modern approaches view rights holders as needing protection rather than as autonomous individuals seeking their own freedoms. It also discusses how nationalism has affected liberal ideas of human rights. In conclusion, the document states that while the goal of human rights is just, the modern ideology and justification of rights is problematic and fails to adequately explain why well-intentioned people should respect human rights.
Derechos humanos
Human rights are rights and freedoms that all humans are entitled to by virtue of being human. While there is no consensus on the precise definition, human rights are generally conceived as universal and egalitarian. Ancient Greece developed early concepts of democracy, rights, freedom, and the rule of law. In the Middle Ages, conflicts led to a concentration of power in kings and courts. The Magna Carta established new guarantees of privileges and required the king to not levy taxes without consent. Key characteristics of human rights are that they are inherent, universal, absolute, inalienable, indivisible, and progressive. While many countries recognize human rights, some like Cuba, Venezuela, Iran and China are seen as not respecting human
Enlightenment and Democratic Ideas
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Philosophy of Human Rights
Some thinkers deny that human rights exist because the concept of rights is merely an abstraction that is not applicable in the real world of human affairs. They argue that documents declaring human rights, like the Declaration of the Rights of Man, are harmful and bad politics because rights were invented by metaphysicians based on an imagined "abstract man" rather than real humans. However, others maintain that while rights are abstract and imperceptible, they are nonetheless real and form the basis of democratic constitutions and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Classical liberalism power point
Classical liberalism emerged in the 19th century promoting individual freedom and laissez-faire economics with little government involvement. It allowed a free market system and the division of social classes. Utopian socialism developed in response, proposing that collective ownership could eliminate poverty and unemployment by having people work for the common good rather than personal gain. Robert Owen established a utopian community called New Harmony to test these ideas in the early 1800s.
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John Stuart Mill believed in individual rights and freedoms, including freedom of speech, with the only limitation being actions that could harm others. He lived in an era where these ideas were considered radical. Pierre Elliot Trudeau also supported individual rights and freedoms, including for Aboriginal peoples and in terms of privacy in people's personal lives. John Locke believed that power comes from within individuals rather than from God, and that government should protect life, liberty and property to optimize human flourishing. John Maynard Keynes developed the idea that government should spend more during economic booms and less during recessions to lessen the economic impact.
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The document discusses several attempts by Western nations to impose principles of modern liberalism such as human rights, labor standards, unions, and welfare states on non-liberal societies with mixed results. It provides Vietnam in the 1950s-70s as an example where the United States unsuccessfully tried to implement principles like rule of law, private property rights, welfare programs, and democratic elections. The imposition of these principles failed to take hold in Vietnam's political and economic systems due to factors like corruption and an unreceptive population, and the war resulted in millions of deaths across Indochina and thousands of American soldiers.
Bibliography
This document contains a bibliography with 15 sources cited in APA format, including books, websites, news sites, educational resources, and government/international organization sites. The sources are listed alphabetically and include pertinent publication information such as author, title, publisher, date, and URL for websites. The bibliography provides references for research on humanities, history, literature, grammar, and global topics.
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Source analysis
The document discusses three different sources that analyze perspectives on government involvement in the economy.
Source 1 supports modern liberalism and Keynesian economics, arguing that government must fund social programs and intervene occasionally in markets to prevent poverty and ensure individuals can pursue happiness.
Source 2 criticizes socialism, arguing that hierarchical systems and human labor are necessary for production, supporting minimal government involvement.
Source 3 depicts wealthy capitalists questioning an economic boom's importance if everyone benefits, including the poor, implying support for classical liberalism and capitalism based on competition and individualism.
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Adam Smith was a Scottish economist born in 1723. He is known as the father of modern economics and capitalism. After being educated at Oxford and Glasgow universities, Smith worked as a professor of logic and moral philosophy. His major works included The Theory of Moral Sentiments in 1759 and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations in 1776, which argued that free markets and division of labor were more effective than regulations. Smith believed that when each person pursued their own self-interest, it benefited society through an "invisible hand." His ideas influenced economic policies and theories of capitalism.
To what extent should we embrace modern liberalism
This document discusses Modern Liberalism and Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal policies during the Great Depression. It analyzes Roosevelt's understanding of Modern Liberalism, which promoted the welfare state with government organizations to improve citizens' living conditions, as well as welfare capitalism with employer-provided social benefits. Additionally, Modern Liberalism expanded human rights protections to apply to all people regardless of social class.
Source analysis
The document discusses three different sources that analyze economic ideologies:
1. Source 1 supports modern liberalism and Keynesian economics, arguing that government must provide social programs to prevent poverty and intervene occasionally in markets.
2. Source 2 criticizes socialism, arguing that hierarchical systems and human labor are necessary for production and rejects government involvement in markets.
3. Source 3 portrays wealthy capitalists questioning an economic boom's benefits, relating to classical liberal values of competition and individualism in markets.
The sources address whether government should intervene in economies - Source 1 supports intervention while Sources 2 and 3 support minimal intervention and capitalism. All three relate to concepts of self-interest.
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The document summarizes key aspects of liberalism and rejections of liberalism through history. It discusses the philosophies of classical liberal thinkers like John Locke, John Stuart Mill, and Karl Marx. It then analyzes circumstances in Germany and Russia that made communism and fascism appealing rejections of liberalism, including economic turmoil after WWI in Germany and oppression under the Tsar in Russia. The document considers elements of these rejections that could still be considered liberal and debates how justified the rejections were given the circumstances. It concludes by comparing the past rejections to the contemporary rejection of liberalism by the Taliban in Afghanistan.
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The document discusses the development of individual freedoms and democracy in Western society from several philosophical perspectives. It traces ideas from Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and others that emphasized individual autonomy, rights, and consent of the governed. While these ideas led to more liberal democracies, the document notes some modern challenges around an overemphasis on individualism at the expense of community and moral responsibility.
overview of liberalism part 1 08
Liberalism focuses on individual freedom and limiting the power of the state. Classical liberalism believed in negative freedom and laissez-faire economics, with the state playing a minimal role. Modern liberalism shifted to positive freedom, seeing a role for the state in providing services to empower individuals and ensure equal opportunity. It supported a mixed market economy and welfare state to help people achieve their potential. Overall, liberalism has evolved from focusing on non-interference by the state to allowing some intervention to promote individual fulfillment.
overview of liberalism 2009
Classical liberalism focused on negative freedom and minimal government intervention, believing individuals should be free from interference. It viewed people as rational and self-interested, and advocated for laissez-faire economics and free markets. Modern liberalism shifted to positive freedom, seeing a role for government in providing services to help people achieve their potential and overcome barriers to opportunity. It supported a mixed economy and state intervention to guarantee certain freedoms and promote equality. Both aimed to maximize individual liberty but differed on the state's role in helping or limiting individuals.
9 chapter 5 political_philosophy
This document outlines the aims and key concepts of political philosophy. It discusses why philosophy is relevant to politics, describing how political strategies must be justified. It then examines descriptive and normative approaches, different ideologies like liberalism and socialism, and concepts like freedom, rights, law, punishment, and the role of the state. The document provides definitions and examples to explain these complex topics in political philosophy.
Gender and Human Right
What Are Human Rights?
Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination.
International Human Rights Law
International human rights law lays down the obligations of Governments to act in certain ways or to refrain from certain acts, in order to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups.
One of the great achievements of the United Nations is the creation of a comprehensive body of human rights law—a universal and internationally protected code to which all nations can subscribe and all people aspire. The United Nations has defined a broad range of internationally accepted rights, including civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. It has also established mechanisms to promote and protect these rights and to assist states in carrying out their responsibilities.
The foundations of this body of law are the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the General Assembly in 1945 and 1948, respectively. Since then, the United Nations has gradually expanded human rights law to encompass specific standards for women, children, persons with disabilities, minorities and other vulnerable groups, who now possess rights that protect them from discrimination that had long been common in many societies.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Positive and negative right
This document discusses positive and negative rights, as well as concepts like liberalism, conservatism, capitalism, communism, and Marxism. It defines positive rights as requiring action from others, like providing healthcare or education, while negative rights require inaction, like freedom from violence or restrictions on speech. Conservatives generally prefer traditions while liberals are more open to change. Both capitalism and communism have benefits and criticisms discussed in the document.
Neccessities of Modern Liberalism
This document discusses the tension between classical and modern liberalism regarding the suspension of rights and freedoms during times of crisis. It argues that while temporary suspension may be necessary to maintain democracy, governments must not abuse this power by rejecting rights and freedoms permanently or allowing individuals too much authority over citizens. The document examines examples like the FLQ Crisis in Canada and Hitler's rise in Germany to show how crises can be manipulated to reject liberal principles and consolidate authoritarian power. Ultimately, it concludes that rights must be suspended narrowly and democratically to resolve emergencies, not undermine the system permanently or transfer control to any single person.
L3 political ideologies
This document provides an overview of different political ideologies including liberalism, conservatism, socialism, anarchism, and communism. It discusses the key thinkers and concepts associated with each ideology such as John Locke's social contract theory, Edmund Burke's traditionalist conservatism, Karl Marx's scientific socialism, and William Godwin's stateless society envisioned by anarchism. The characteristics, types, and elements of each ideology are outlined concisely.
Citizenship Rights And Responsibilities
The document provides an overview of citizenship rights and responsibilities in a 10th grade social studies class. It discusses how rights are shaped by groups like political parties and interest groups, and how civil disobedience differs from other forms of protest. It also explains that rights have limits, providing examples where people's rights have been restricted throughout history for compelling government interests like national security or public safety.
LIBERTY.pptx
liberty is the important concept in Political Science. Political philosophers have developed various dimensions of liberty.
Moderate political ideologies
This document provides an overview of moderate political ideologies, specifically liberalism and conservatism. It discusses the key principles and historical development of each ideology. Liberalism emphasizes individual rights, limited government power balanced with social obligations, and using government to empower citizens and address social issues. Conservatism is a reactionary ideology that is more skeptical of rapid social change and respects authority, tradition, and the existing social order. Both ideologies seek a balanced approach between individual freedom and state power.
Option B Obedience to Authority Cause and Effect. First, read St.docx
Option B: Obedience to Authority: Cause and Effect. First, read Stanley Milgram’s classic article on his infamous ‘shock’ experiments in the 1960’s. Follow this up by watching Obeying or Resisting Authority: A Psychological Retrospective, available via the Films on Demand section of the Ashford University Library. Read Chapter 7: Power and Politics. Then, address each of the following questions.
· What specific factors would cause people to continue to shock other people, past the perceived thresholds of extreme pain, unconsciousness, or even death?
· Provide three different explanations for this behavior, utilizing the three perspectives we have learned so far: the anthropological, political, and sociological perspectives.
· In other words, to what specific causal factor would an anthropologist attribute this behavior? What about a political scientist? A sociologist?
Be sure to provide concrete examples from the text and from your own research. In crafting your response, you must make reference to at least two sources beyond the textbook or the assigned documentary
Below are links that will help compete assignment along with chapter 7
http://www.apa.org/research/action/order.aspx
https://simplypsychology.org/milgram.html
https://youtu.be/fxiWkTCjMmY
CHAPTER 7: Power and Politics
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, students will be able to:
Describe the discipline of political science and explain what it is concerned with.
Define democracy.
Describe the kind of democracy that exists in the United States.
List the branches of the U.S. government.
Explain the source of each branch’s power and how that power is exercised.
Politics, Political Science, and Government Power
A distinguished American political scientist, Harold Lasswell, defined politics as “who gets what, when, and how.” “The study of politics,” he said, “is the study of influence and the influential. The influential are those who get the most of what there is to get. . . . Those who get the most are the elite; the rest are mass.”1 He went on to define political science as the study of “the shaping and sharing of power.” Admittedly, Lasswell’s definition of political science is very broad. Indeed, if we accept Lasswell’s definition of political science as the study of power, then political science includes cultural, economic, social, and personal power relationships—topics that we have already discussed in chapters on anthropology, economics, sociology, and psychology.
politics
the study of power
Although some political scientists have accepted Lasswell’s challenge to study power in all its forms in society, most limit the definition of political science to the study of government and how individuals influence government action. This chapter focuses primarily on the study of government and how individuals influence government action in the United States.
political science
the study of government and how individuals influence government action
What distinguis.
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Chapter 11 Freedom in a Political and Cultural Context
Chapter 11 Freedom in a Political and Cultural Context
Option B Obedience to Authority Cause and Effect. First, read St.docx
Option B Obedience to Authority Cause and Effect. First, read St.docx
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Postions paper hannah moulds
The document discusses when it may be justified for a liberal democracy to temporarily suspend citizens' rights and freedoms. It argues that rights can be suspended during times of crisis when it is necessary to protect democratic principles and society, as long as it is only for a limited time, benefits all citizens, and the government makes responsible decisions. It provides the examples of Canada implementing the War Measures Act during World Wars and a separatist crisis as times when rights were justifiably suspended, while Nazi Germany's suspension of rights led to a loss of democracy.
Position paper
The document discusses how countries have responded to economic crises throughout history, using examples from the Great Depression, World War 1 Germany, and Canada. It argues that embracing modern liberalism through policies like the New Deal is typically most effective for recovery, while temporarily rejecting some liberal principles may be necessary in extreme circumstances to protect the nation, but risks catastrophic outcomes if rights are not later restored.
Source analysis
The document discusses three different sources that analyze economic ideologies:
1. Source 1 supports modern liberalism and Keynesian economics, arguing that government must provide social programs to prevent poverty and intervene occasionally in markets.
2. Source 2 criticizes socialism, arguing that hierarchical systems and human labor are necessary for production and rejects government involvement in markets.
3. Source 3 portrays wealthy capitalists questioning an economic boom's benefits, relating to classical liberal values of competition and individualism in markets.
The sources address whether government should intervene in economies - Source 1 supports intervention while Sources 2 and 3 support less intervention and allowing private markets to function.
Source analysis
The document discusses three different sources that analyze perspectives on government involvement in the economy and capitalism.
Source 1 supports modern liberalism and Keynesian economics, arguing that government must provide social programs to prevent poverty and intervene occasionally in markets. Source 2 criticizes socialism and argues that hierarchical systems and human labor are necessary for production. Source 3 questions whether economic booms truly benefit everyone if no individual succeeds.
The sources have differing views on whether classical liberalism allowing no government involvement or modern liberalism permitting some intervention is better aligned with principles of capitalism and individual pursuit of self-interest.
Southeast asia updated
The document provides information about several Southeast Asian countries including their geography, demographics, economies, and political leadership. It compares statistics like GDP per capita, population size, life expectancy, and exports/imports of countries like Indonesia, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Malaysia. It also summarizes two news articles about recent earthquakes in Indonesia and historical tensions between Indonesia and Malaysia.
3 ideologies
Classical liberalism promotes individual rights and limited government. Over time, opposing ideologies developed that disagreed with classical liberalism's emphasis on individualism and laissez-faire economics. These new ideologies believed the government should play a more active role in reducing inequality and promoting the collective good of society.
Source analysis
The document discusses three sources that present different views on the role of government in the economy. Source 1 supports Keynesian economics and modern liberalism, arguing that government should fund social programs to prevent poverty. Source 2 criticizes socialism and argues that hierarchical systems and private industry, not government intervention, are what produce goods. Source 3 mocks the idea that all benefit from economic booms, aligning with laissez-faire capitalism and individualism over government involvement or helping the poor. The sources debate whether complete capitalism or some government intervention best allows for individual pursuit of self-interest and economic stability.
Position paper
The document discusses how countries have responded to economic crises throughout history. It provides examples of both embracing modern liberalism as well as temporarily rejecting some liberal principles. The Great Depression is used as an example of how Franklin D. Roosevelt successfully fought the crisis by implementing New Deal programs and Keynesian economic policies, embracing modern liberalism. In contrast, Germany after WWI desperately rejected liberalism under Hitler, which ultimately failed and led to catastrophe. The document argues that rejecting liberalism can work temporarily in a crisis but should not become permanent, and modern liberalism is generally the best approach for long-term stability and growth.
Perspectives on ideology
Source One represents a collectivist ideology through the Inuit people sharing their food equally despite having varying amounts. This prioritizes community well-being over individual goals. Source Two depicts an individualist perspective through a man focusing on his self-interest in telling a begging bear it should work instead of ask for help, reflecting classical liberalism. Both sources relate to liberalism principles, with Source One blending collectivism and welfare capitalism and Source Two exemplifying individualism and self-interest. They demonstrate different ideological approaches and how societies transition between them.
Social terminology
The document provides definitions and explanations of over 100 social, political, and economic terms related to issues in liberalism and resistance to liberalism. It covers terminology around identity, individualism, ideology, economics, government philosophies, and movements throughout history such as progressivism, conservatism, socialism, feminism, and more.
Hamlet Speech Lacey Hannah
A teacher and secretary discuss a student who flooded the bathroom floor at school. The teacher argues that if the flooding was unintentional, the student should not be punished severely. However, the secretary implies the student received only a suspension rather than expulsion because her parents are wealthy. They agree it is unfair that rich students face less consequences for rule-breaking.
Hamlet Speech Lacey Hannah
A teacher and secretary discuss a student who flooded the bathroom floor at school. The teacher argues that if the flooding was unintentional, the student should not be punished severely. However, the secretary implies the student received only a suspension rather than expulsion because her parents are wealthy. They agree it is unfair that rich students face less consequences for rule breaking.
Hamlet Speech Lacey Hannah
A teacher and secretary discuss a student who flooded the bathroom floor at school. The teacher argues that if the flooding was unintentional, the student should not be punished severely. However, the secretary implies the student received only a suspension rather than expulsion because her parents are wealthy. They agree it is unfair that rich students face less consequences for rule breaking.
Personal Response 2009
The document describes the author's experience with competitive running from 2004 to 2009. It details how she developed a reputation as a strong runner who often won races. However, over time the pressure to live up to expectations took away her enjoyment of running. In her final race, she struggled and was helped by another runner who wasn't focused on placement. This made her realize she cared too much about her reputation and not enough about helping others. She decided to quit competitive running and instead pursue sports she found fun without pressure.
Personal Response 2
The document discusses how people deal with tragedy and find meaning through various outlets. It analyzes the poem "Setting up the Drums" which depicts using tragic circumstances to fuel one's passions. It also summarizes the excerpt "Redemption" where the character Jack finds redemption through his passion for music after a tragic accident. The document argues that when faced with tragedy, people must find alternative means like music to regain meaning and honor, and should view their failures as assets rather than flaws to overcome obstacles.
Citizenship
The document discusses a school play involving citizenship and the Big Bad Wolf. It mentions Terrace Ridge School and describes cleaning up after the play and applying makeup to the actors.
Personal Response
The document discusses how people deal with tragedy and find meaning through various outlets. It analyzes the poem "Setting up the Drums" which depicts using tragic circumstances to fuel one's passions. It also summarizes the excerpt "Redemption" where the character Jack finds redemption through his passion for music after a tragic accident. The document argues that when faced with tragedy, people must find alternative means like music to regain meaning and honor, and should view their failures as assets rather than flaws to overcome obstacles.
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