Think Grain Think Feed August issue

Volume 2 | Issue 10
August-2016
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Need for EffectiveNeed for Effective
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Need for Effective
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to Unlock Livestock Potentialto Unlock Livestock Potentialto Unlock Livestock Potential
Asia Subcontinent shows increasingAsia Subcontinent shows increasingAsia Subcontinent shows increasing
preference for U.S Soypreference for U.S Soypreference for U.S Soy
Problems Encountered duringProblems Encountered duringProblems Encountered during
Feed Milling in TropicsFeed Milling in TropicsFeed Milling in Tropics

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EDITORIAL
In view of the water table going deeper
by each passing year, especially in
northern states of India, where, paddy
is followed by wheat under two-crop
system, crop diversification is gaining lot of momentum. It has
been suggested that part of cropped area devoted to rice
cultivation, which has a very high water consumption, need to
be replaced by maize cultivation. There is one more valid
justification for this kind of crop diversification, from the animal
production point of view, which has been often overlooked. In
recent times the demand for foods of animal origin is
increasing due to urbanization, higher incomes and higher
purchasing power in India and the developing world. Obviously,
this demand can be fulfilled only by enhancing the availability
of our feed resources for livestock, poultry and fish production.
India has been facing a severe shortage of feed resources since
long. Crop diversification in favour producing more of soybean
and maize crops could ease out the situation with regard to
feed resource availability, especially in poultry and fish sector.
Under the crop diversification programme, the State
Departments of Agriculture are supposed to provide critical
inputs (hybrid seed, medicine and fertilizer) to attract the
farmers. So, if paddy has to be replaced by maize, we have to
be sure that the farmers get more money and higher
production than the competitive crop. But generally it happens
that farmers are asked to do the sowing, and then only the
subsidy is given to them. The subsidy does not attract farmers
until they get good quality seed at their doorsteps and assured
minimum support price for their produce. Farmers have a well
developed market for paddy, but don't have such well
developed market for maize. So, the state governments and
the central government need to take cognizance of this lacuna
and create attractive conditions for the farmers so that they
divert part of their cropped area for the cultivation of maize
and soybean crop, using good quality seeds which can boost
up the crop production and ultimately lead to higher animal
production.
T.K. Walli
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 10 | August 2016
Why Crop Diversification
needs to be given a priority?

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INDUSTRY EVENTS
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
INDUSTRY THOUGHTS
05
INTERVIEW
ARTICLE
Microalgae to replace
fish oil for sustainable fish diets
08
12
Need for Effective Feed Premix
Formulations to Unlock Livestock Potential
PELLETING TIPS
14 Problems Encountered during
Feed Milling in Tropics
Emerging Commercial
Poultry Sector in Bangladesh
Asia Subcontinent shows increasingAsia Subcontinent shows increasing
preference for U.S Soypreference for U.S Soy
Asia Subcontinent shows increasing
preference for U.S Soy
MORINGA: Indian perspective of an
alternative source for fodder
20
16
Tour of NIR analysis in Feed Industry24
Poultry Federation Moves Hyderabad
to commemorate its 28th AGM
28
UPCOMING EVENTS
2-3 September
2016
26-28 August
2016

R&D
05
US researchers found that replacing fish
oil with Schizochytrium in Tilapia feed
actually improved the feed for the fish
and also increased certain healthy
compounds in the fish.
Between 1980 and 2010, aquaculture
contribution to global fishery output
for human consumption rose from nine
percent to 47 percent and its use of
artificial feeds rose from 50 to 66
percent of production. Responsible
expansion of aquafeeds, inter alia,
requires finding sustainable alternatives
to fishmeal and fish oil ingredients, of
which aquaculture is the largest user.
Aquaculture feeds currently use over
80% of the world's fishmeal and fish oil,
which are extracted from small ocean-
caught fish.
To find suitable alternative to fish oil, a
84-day nutritional feeding experiment
with dried whole cells of DHA-rich
marine microalgaSchizochytrium sp.
(Sc) was carried out to determine the
optimum level of fish-oil substitution
(partial or complete) for maximum growth of Nile
tilapia. When fish oil was fully replaced with
Schizochytrium (Sc100 diet), the researchers noticed
significantly higher weight gain and protein efficiency
ratio (PER), and lower (improved) feed conversion ratio
(FCR) and feed intake compared to a control diet
containing fish oil (Sc0); and no significant change in
SGR and survival rate among all diets. The Sc100 diet
had the highest contents of 22:6n3 DHA, led to the
highest DHA content in fillets, and consequently led to
the highest DHA:EPA ratios in tilapia fillets.
It was therefore concluded that Schizochytrium sp. is a
high quality candidate for complete substitution of fish
oil in juvenile Nile tilapia feeds, providing an innovative
means to formulate and optimise the composition of
tilapia juvenile feed while simultaneously raising feed
efficiency of tilapia aquaculture and to further develop
environmentally and socially sustainable aquafeeds.
Results show that replacing fish oil with DHA-rich
marine Sc improves the deposition of n3 LC PUFA levels
in tilapia fillet. These results support further studies to
lowerSchizochytrium production costs and to combine
different marine microalgae to replace fish oil and
fishmeal into aquafeeds.
Source: PLOS ONE
Microalgae to replace
fish oil for sustainable fish diets
ImageSource:systemsbiology

INDUSTRY NEWS
06
New animal-feed centers in Rajahmundry
The district administration of
Rajahmundry has proposed 23 different
works as part of various activities to be
taken up, towards the State achieving
double-digit growth rate in the current
financial year.
The district administration is laying
special emphasis on primary sectors
like agriculture, horticulture, fisheries,
dairy and rural development to achieve
the targets set by the State
government. According to district
Collector H Arun Kumar, Rs 10 crore has
been sanctioned by the State
government for implementing these
projects.
“The district administration would set up
42 animal-feed centers with an
Technologies demandTechnologies demand
for food wastefor food waste
conversion to animal feedconversion to animal feed
Technologies demand
for food waste
conversion to animal feed
Key emerging opportunities will be in
the conversion of food waste to
products such as plastics, fruit juices,
food ingredients, and liquid fuels, finds
Frost & Sullivan
The concept of food waste
management (FMW) has gained
traction with the declaration of food
waste reduction as a target in the UN
Sustainable Development Goals in
2015. Countries across the globe are
showing greater interest in reducing as
well as managing food wastage. The
present gap between the amount of
food waste generated globally and the
number of storage and recycling
facilities in operation translates to
significant opportunities for the
development of effective FWM
technologies.
New analysis from Frost & Sullivan,
Emerging Trends and Opportunities in
Food Waste Management finds that
policies favouring food waste reduction
in Europe and North America and the
setting of global targets greatly aid the
development of FWM technologies. The
most popular methods for FWM at
present are composting and anaerobic
digestion. However, they do not help
salvage unspoilt food from the food
waste. These processes can also be
energy intensive, substantially reducing
the overall environmental benefits of
FWM. “Currently, there is a demand for
technologies that can convert food
unfit for human consumption to animal
feed," said TechVision Research Analyst
Lekshmy Ravi. "Technology developers
are simultaneously working on
repackaging or repurposing food waste
to food for human consumption using
less energy-intensive solutions and
employing novel management models."
There are considerable research and
industry initiatives for the conversion of
food waste to products such as plastics,
fruit juices and food ingredients.
Additionally, innovative FWM
companies are trying to convert food
waste to valuable products such as
liquid fuels.
While technology developers are
looking to eliminate inefficiencies in
FWM, it is also necessary to form
strategic partnerships along the various
links of the food supply chain. These
synergies can help improve the
efficiency of FWM and facilitate the
exchange of technologies and
techniques.
"Eventually, companies are likely to
adopt models that enable the efficient
and cost-effective extraction of valuable
products from food waste," noted Ravi.
"Overall, key emerging opportunities
are expected to be in the extraction of
edible ingredients from food waste,
conversion of misshapen fruits to
saleable products, and conversion of
byproducts from food production.”
Source: AllAfrica
estimated cost of Rs 1.05 crore. DWCRA
women groups would be involved in the
preparation of integrated animal feed as
suggested by the animal husbandry
department," said the Collector. He said
one centre has been established at
Peddapuram mandal and the remaining
41centres would set up soon.
Source: thehansindia
ImageSource:reuters

08
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 10 | August 2016INDUSTRY THOUGHTS
Feed premixes – En route to attain
global acceptance
Feed premixes are added as
supplements with the concentrate feed
to provide a wholesome nutritional diet
for animals. The feed premix market is
driven by global factors such as
increased demand in compound feed
consumption. The strict and transparent
regulatory policies on livestock and
livestock related products have resulted
in market getting more organized and
structured. The companies with the
required quality monitoring and
compliance infra-structure have been
able to promote the growth in this
segment by creating awareness and
ensuring the supply of quality premix
formulations.The market for feed premix
wasestimated as USD 8.84 billion in
2015, and is projected to reach USD
10.27 billion by 2020, growing at a CAGR
of 3% during the forecast period.
Owing to recent disease outbreaks, the
ingredients used in feed premixes have
come under the lens with efforts going
towards strengthening the immunity of
livestock. With advancements in
technology and increasing awareness among dairy
farmers, emerging markets are now obtaining more
localized premix products and services. Furthermore, the
feed premix market is also expected to gain effective
support by the gradual shift from unorganized to
organized livestock farming in the developing regions of
Asia-Pacific and Latin America.
Developed nations such as the U.S., Canada, and Western
European countries (France, U.K., Spain, Italy, Germany,
and the Netherlands) had captured only one-third of the
global feed premix market in 2014.
Emerging markets – Suitable avenues desired for
future investments
The demand from emerging markets such as Asia-Pacific
and Latin America accounted for a combined global share
of ~47% in 2014. According to the Food and Agricultural
Organization (FAO) report on “World Agriculture: Towards
2015/2030”, the population of developing countries in the
Asia Pacific region is expected to see an annual growth
rate of 2.4% till 2030 in meat consumption. This has
stimulated the growth of commercial livestock farming
activities and has also increased the demand for high-
quality feed concentrates and premixes to enhance meat
weight and quality of the animals. Key players in the
premix market have sensed this opportunity and started
premix production plants in these regions. For instance in
Vietnam, 34 compound feed and premix manufacturing
plants have been established by the global players over
Need for Effective
Feed Premix Formulations to
Unlock Livestock Potential
B.Narendran, Markets & Markets
ImageSource:precision-analysis

09
the past decade.
A large portion of the feed premix
market in the Asia-Pacific region is
dominated by China. The growing
consciousness about farm maintenance
and nutrient quality in order to increase
livestock productive efficiency has
shifted the demand toward high-quality
feed premixes in these regions.
Efficient formulation methods and
technology would play an effective
role in market dominance
Although the regional network to reach
customers such as compound feed
mixers and integrators are established
through distributors, the feed premix
market has been shifting towards a
service-based requirement. Companies
such as Koninklijke DSM N.V. (The
Netherlands), Cargill, Inc. (U.S.), Nutreco
N.V. (The Netherlands), and Archer
Daniels Midland Company (U.S.) are
some of the players that have also been
developing customized offerings to suit
the demands of livestock of different -
types, breed, sex, and growth and
breeding phase.These solutions would
be an important factor not only to
uncover the full potential of animal
productivity but also improve the
company's brand portfolio. Novel
concepts are also being developed by
these companies such as introducing
organic chelate minerals with vitamins to
reduce the latter's deterioration as well
as limit environmental effects due to non-bioavailability of
inorganic minerals.The demand for feed premixes in the
poultry segment is projected to grow at the fastest rate as
compared to ruminants, goat, and swine.
Premix ingredients with strong market opportunities
After livestock-specific assessments, the inclusion of both
nutritive and non-nutritive ingredients in feed premixes is
considered important to gain effective results. Nutritive
ingredients such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, gut
health promoters (yeast products and probiotics), and
organic acids are provided in specific formulations to
complement the livestock feed whereas non-nutritive
ingredients such as enzymes, flavors, antibiotics, binders,
antioxidants, feed attractants, and colorants are required
in minute quantities but effectively supports in
maintaining product shelf-life/feed uptake.
The vitamins segment accounted for the largest market
share in 2014 followed by the minerals segment in the
feed premix market. Vitamins are considered as important
nutrient supplements for the growth of farm animals.
Regulatory concerns over unscrupulous usage of
certain ingredients
Antibiotics have been a serious concern in the global
regulatory environment on feed and meat products due
to the excessive usage of these additives. Many
developing countriesincluding Brazil and China, which
export meat products to Europe and the U.S.do not have
such strict regulations against the usage of antibiotics in
feed premixes. The EU regulatory framework has been
stringent on meat imports, andin 2006,they ensured the
region compulsorily ban the use of antibiotics as growth
promoters in animals. In the U.S., the Food and Drug
Administration devised methods to slowly phase out the
unsupervised use of drugs as a feed additive, so that it is
used only for therapeutic purpose. However, its
application has been prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region.
Such disparities in regulations have adverse effects on the
global meat trade, especially between developed and
developing economies in the form of standard issues such
as meat quality, animal welfare, and environment
protection. Producers of feed premixes are required to
follow strict regulations related to regional and national
health and safety for product approvals in developed
nations; which ultimately affects the cost of the final
product.
Among the developing countries, Brazil and China have
recognized the need to control additional premix
ingredients such as antibiotics, which has paved way for
setting up their own regulatory framework for feed
premixes. Though the implementation of regulations has
been slower, the quality of premix ingredients throughout
the supply chain would gain importance in the
forthcoming years in order to satisfy all stakeholders from
regulators to clients in these markets.

INDUSTRY NEWS Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 10 | August 2016
10
Corn falls to
near two-year
low as
USDA reports
U.S. corn fell to a near two-year low in
first week of August, slipping for a
second session after the U.S.
Department of Agriculture pegged the
condition of the crop at above market
expectations. Soybeans fell more than
0.5 percent to hit a three-and-a-half
month low, while wheat was little
changed.
Analysts said corn was coming under
pressure as any lingering weather
related supply concerns ease. "The
proportion of U.S corn rated in good to
excellent condition added to the
bearish tone," said Tobin Gorey, director
of agricultural strategy, Commonwealth
Bank of Australia, adding that updated
weather models are also favourable.
"While corn is not yet totally in the clear,
the window for significant weather
related losses is quickly closing."
The USDA rated 76 percent of the corn
crop as good to excellent, unchanged
from the week before and ahead of
analyst forecasts. The outlook is
increasing market confidence of bumper
U.S. corn production.
Commodity brokerage INTL FCStone
projected U.S. 2016 corn production at
15.146 billion bushels, a record high if
realized, with an average yield of 175.0
bushels per acre.
The U.S. weather outlook also
continues to pressure soybeans,
analysts said. The USDA rated 72
percent of the U.S. soybean crop as
good to excellent and above market
expectations.
Source: agweek
Sustainable specialty feed ingredient
for Aquaculture industry
TerraVia and Bunge Ltd. announced
about the launch of native, whole-algae
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a
sustainable specialty feed ingredient,
prioritizing the aquaculture market,
which currently uses approximately $3
billion in omega-3 ingredients.
DHA, a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid, is
a critical element for humans, animals
and fish to promote healthy growth and
development.
TerraVia and Bunge also announced that
a definitive commercial supply
agreement is finalized with one of the
world's largest aquaculture feed
suppliers and DHA is slated to begin
incorporation into fish feed for
salmonids in the July to August 2016
time frame.
“We're excited to build on our
experience in the food and feed
ingredients industries to bring a new
sustainable and value-added source of
DHA to the market at the quality, cost
and scale the global aquaculture
industry needs,” Bunge chief executive
officer Soren Schroder said.
“The new product can be a real game
changer in keeping our oceans healthy
by offering a non-marine based,
sustainable source of omega-3s to help
address the growing 'fish in/fish out'
problem today," TerraVia CEO Jonathan
Wolfson added. "It provides a far more
sustainable, non-fish-based source of
DHA to help maintain healthy oceans
while improving the nutritional value of
seafood for our families.”
Long-chain omega-3s such as DHA and
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) are critical
inputs used extensively in aquaculture
feed, with fish oil and fish meal being the
main sources. The demand for omega-3s
is growing, but the availability of omega-
3s from wild-caught ocean fish is limited
in nature.
Aquaculture is one of the fastest-
growing food production systems in the
world, and the market is estimated to
reach $200 billion annually by 2020. This
growth is helping drive increasing
demand for long-chain omega-3s,
particularly as global supplies of the
traditional sources are under serious and
increasing pressure from overfishing,
quotas and rising demand for human
and animal nutrition.
“Aquaculture is becoming an
increasingly important contributor to the
global food system. To meet the
continuing growth in demand for fish oil
and fish meal, sustainable alternatives
are needed,” said Piers Hart, aquaculture
policy officer at World Wildlife Fund in
the U.K. “We are eager to see sustainable
sources of omega-3-rich oils come to
market at scale and reduce pressure on
scarce marine resources. The high yield
and potentially reduced environmental
footprint of algae products produced at
SB Renewable Oils in Brazil could make
this a more sustainable source of fish
feed ingredients.”
The SB Renewable Oils facility adheres to
the principles of sustainable production
to produce algae-based products with
low carbon, water and land use impacts.
This is enabled partly by the use of
Bonsucro-certified sugarcane as the
feedstock.
Source: Businesswire
ImageSource:thedollarbusiness
ImageSource:intrafish

Ankaj Sharma, Creative Agri Solutions
12
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 10 | August 2016ARTICLE
Commercial poultry sector in Bangladesh
started in 1995 and is a relatively new
and emerging sector in the country. The
annual average growth rate of poultry
industry over past two decades has been
more than 20 percent in volume terms,
which shows huge scope in poultry
industry. Currently there are about
100,000 small and large poultry farms in
Bangladesh.
The growth and development of the
sector is critical from the protein demand
and supply situation in Bangladesh. The
meat consumption including Poultry and
Ruminant is about 4 kg per capita and
fish consumption is more than 15kg per
capita. There is a large demand and
supply gap of protein in Bangladesh .
The country suffers from an acute
shortage of livestock products like milk,
meat and eggs. The shortage accounts
for 85.9%, 88.1% and 70.7% for milk,
meat and eggs, respectively. Table 1
shows the demand supply mismatch for
meat and eggs very clearly.
With the increase in the price of beef,
chicken is the only affordable meat
available to the people. Current per
capita egg consumption is about 35-38
eggs per annum.
The major players in the poultry industry are largely
conglomerates, who are leading business players in the
country. Global leaders in the poultry and Feed industry
have also entered the Bangladesh poultry sector. These
include CP Foods from Thailand and New Hope from
China. To capitalize on economies of scale, most
commercial poultry players have vertically integrated
operations. All players are involved in hatchery
operations, broiler and layer production, poultry
processing and supply of feed and other inputs. Some
players have also forward linked to retailing of processed
meat items through supermarkets or setting up their own
chains like the Kazi Kitchen Farms.
Apart from private sector players social enterprises like
BRAC are also involved in poultry sector. Brief description
of key players in poultry industry in Bangladesh:
The challenges posed to the poultry industry are:
 High fluctuation in poultry feed prices in country.
 High fluctuations in the price of DOC which ranged
from 25-85 taka/doc
 Threat of epidemics like avian influenza which leads
to huge economic losses to poultry farms.
 Lack of infrastructure for storage of feed ingredients
and in terms of roads electricity etc.,
 Prevalence of wet markets like in the case of India
which constrain the growth of the processed meat
segment.
 Highly concentrated industry in hands of few
conglomerates only.
Emerging Commercial
Poultry Sector in
Bangladesh
Imagesource:ibratasbd
ImageSource:fiabbd

13
 Unplanned growth of poultry farms
around cities and no biosecurity
guidelines is leading to various
environmental hazards.
The policy framework for poultry
development should have following
points for developing poultry sector
in Bangladesh:
 Promotion of young entrepreneurs
in poultry sector by providing
support in terms of some subsidy.
 Focus towards price stabilization of
various inputs mainly poultry feed
(Maize).
 Introduce some legal measures for
the quality control/ quality checks
of feed and poultry products.
 Development of environment
friendly commercial farms.
 Major focus should be on preventive
health measures (vaccination)
against major diseses. Availability of
vaccines in country should not be a
constraint. Infact, the country
should be well prepared to face any
challenge of avian flue.
 Supporting the poultry industry by favourable
policies like tax holidays to new players, reduced
import duties on import of equipment and inputs,
infrastructure support like electricity and roads.
 Organized meat market, including the processing
facilities need to be promoted in country.
Major poultry players in Bangladesh
National conglomerates: Kazi Farm Group, Paragon
group, Aftab Hatcheries Ltd., Quality Feed Ltd. These
all groups are very large group and invest their own
capital.
International conglomerates: CP Foods (Thai
group) and New Hope Group (Chinese group). These
are international conglomerates and started
operations in Bangladesh by investing their own
resources.
Social Enterprises: BRAC Social Enterprise. The
enterprise is working with objective of eradication
poverty by poultry intervention.
Products Production
(Million m ton)
Need per capita Demand
(Million m ton)
Deficit (Million
m ton)
Meat 4.52 120 g/ day 6.73 2.21
Eggs 10168 104/year 15974 5806.4
Table 1: Demand and Supply status of Meat and Eggs in Bangladesh

PELLETING TIPS Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 10 | August 2016
14
Problems Encountered
during Feed Milling in Tropics
Dr Naveen Kumar, Delst Asia
eed processing is becoming a
Fmore challenging task than ever
with coming newer raw materials
and technologies, and growing
advance research to control increasing
feed cost. Ignorance about the feed
processing in tropics is making these
challenges more intense. There is a
need of deep knowledge about the
three aspects of feed milling including
feed chemistry, feed engineering, and
nutrition.
Feed mills are facing various issues,
some of these are listed below:
 Poor production efficiency i.e.
increased cost per MT pellet
 Poor moistening of meal in the
conditioner
 Wrong selection of conditioners
(mostly short time conditioners)
 Poor steam management – poor
maintenance of broiler, steam
pipeline, PRV, steam inlets position
and design
 Excessively dried ingredients,
forming dry and hard pellets which
results in reduced feed intake
 Poor digestibility of feed and wet
litter problem
 Moisture loss after pelleting
process causes 1-3% of moisture
shrink. (0.5% moisture shrink is
worth USD 9 at today's feed cost )
 Reduce die life adding
replacement cost
 Poor pellet quality which affects
growth performance
 Problem of “fines”, the analysis
shows that most of the fat,
minerals like Ca and P, and micro minerals like Zn
are present in these fines
 Lack of proper training to mill operators
In this sub-continent nutrient loss during feed
processing is another silent issue, as the miller first
wants to address various physical issues of pelleting.
Some of issues include:
 Damage and wastage of nutrients like vitamins,
amino acids & enzymes .
 Poor feeding value due to improper cooking of
starch which affects digestibility and available
energy value
 Over compensation of nutrient and energy in the
feed formulation
 Poor feed processing which affects immunity and
growth performance of poultry
 Increased medication cost at farm level
Loss of nutrient value in processed feed
Poor steam conditioning end up in a badly hydrolyzed
mash resulting in difficulties at the press. Pushing poor
hydrolysed and conditioned mash through the die is
like “roasting” the meal, which result in maillard
reaction (amino acid reacting with reducing sugar from
the friction heat) and dextrinization (burnt to a certain
extent via thick die passage). These problems are more
noticeable with the use of thicker die (for a high die
compression rate). During the passage of poor
hydrolyzed meal through the die, temperature inside
the die holes reach around 160° Celsius which degrades
(or destroys) many enzymes and vital nutrients in
fraction of seconds. This has a detrimental impact on
livestock immune, health, and productivity.
Now, the major concern is increasing trend of
producing broilers without using AGPs (antibiotic
growth promoters), where Europe is leading the way.
The continent is encouraging supplements which are
comparatively expensive, new generation alternative
feed additives like secondary plant compound
products, probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, and
enzymes (claiming its wide use in Europe), as a
replacements to AGPs, but are they being processed
correctly?
ImageSource:feedandgrain

15
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 10 | August 2016Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 10 | August 2016
Feed processing in right manner
Poor mash hydrolyzation in the
conditioner, poor steam management,
and insufficient conditioning time
greatly affect starch cooking. While
amylase enzyme can digest gelatinized
starch much better in the gut, and
hence enhancing the energy value. But
nutritionist can also lower energy value
in feed formulation, if they understand
how to cook raw starch effectively.
The main objective of feed pelleting is
well cooked raw starch (especially the
amylose fraction which provides the
gelling effect), to achieve high degree
of starch gelatinisation resulting in
good intra-particles bonding and
excellent feeding value. However, due
to the lack of understanding about raw
starch cooking in a dry medium, the
industry is not able to manage well
cooking of raw starch which finally
affects feed production efficiency as
well as quality of produced feed.
To address this issue, a methodological
approach is developed to manage
various parameters in tropical feed
pelleting process, which contributes to
the effective mash hydration. For
effective raw starch cooking these
parameters need to be addressed:
 Compounded mash temperature in tropics ranges
from 38°C to 44°C. It causes a setback in
steam/mash interaction and moisture transfer from
steam
 Managing mash moisture before and after steam
conditioning
 Steam management
 Steam temperature and steam volume deployed in
the conditioner
 Sufficient conditioning residence time
Water added in the mixer and water from the
condensing steam in the conditioner must be effectively
hydrolyzed (infused) in the mash.
Conclusions
Feed industry is losing lot of money without even
realizing about the wastage of nutrient value of a well
formulated feed due to poor feed processing and
inefficient cooked starch. Adding more cost to mask the
problems is not the right answer to face future
challenges of feed processing.
It is high time to understand the importance of feed
processing in producing quality pellet with all nutrients
intact and hence better livestock performance. A large
feed mill (especially those integrated with livestock
operation) can save back multi-million using these facts.
For more information please contact Dr. Naveen at
drnaveen@delstasia.com

16
INTERVIEW Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 10 | August 2016
he QSSB mission to the Asia Subcontinent (ASC)
Tfrom July 29 to August 6, included formal
interactions with industry leaders from Sri Lanka,
Bangladesh and India, and field activities for a greater
understanding about the differences and similarities
among the markets in these three countries.
Opportunities & Potential in Sri Lanka Market
In its first activity in Sri Lanka, the QSSB team met Sri
Lankan industry players and also visited a feed mill,
layer farms, broiler farms, and chicken outlets. The team
inspected stocks of U.S soy meal at the feed mill and
discussed how trade and tech aspects could be better
addressed in future. About 55 participants attended
“Lanka – U.S. Soy Alliance,” a trade networking meeting
where two leading industry members discussed the Sri
Lankan industry's progress and growth.
USSEC CEO Jim Sutter emphasized and assured USSEC's
and the U.S. Soy industry's support to the Sri Lankan
industry. He compared Sri Lanka's market to India's and
said that Iowa is 2.2 times the size of Sri Lanka. He said
that the U.S. currently has a significant market share in
Sri Lanka which is expected to grow.
Industry representatives shared that per capita
consumption of chicken in Sri Lanka touched close to 10
kg. By contrasting many small “mom and pop” grocery
stores, the delegation had the opportunity to compare
modern retailing and customer preferences to various
food and grocery products. 95 percent of the country's
poultry industry relies on processed, chilled and/or
frozen chicken.
Bangladesh: Price is still a concern
Next, USSEC's QSSB mission landed in Kolkata to meet
who's who of Bangladesh industry, including Moshiur
USSEC (U.S Soybean Export
Council) is well known for driving
significant industry changes
across the world by working
collaboratively with customers in
the soy value chain. It recently
hosted the Qualified State
Soybean Board (QSSBs) Mission
to the Asia Subcontinent (ASC).
QSSB is a volunteer farmer-
leaders group responsible for
marketing, research and
commercialization programs in
present and prospective markets
for soybean consumption in
various industries. Think Grain
Think Feed got an opportunity
to interact with the delegation to
know about their learning,
experiences in the ASC region
including the perspectives of this
market, and to know further
viewpoint of experts from Asian
Region. The main objective of
this mission was to understand
market behavior in Asian
Subcontinent, rather its
constraints and opportunities.
At the Gold Coin feed mill, Colombo, Sri LankaAt the Gold Coin feed mill, Colombo, Sri LankaAt the Gold Coin feed mill, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Asia SubcontinentAsia Subcontinent
shows increasing preferenceshows increasing preference
for U.S Soyfor U.S Soy
Asia Subcontinent
shows increasing preference
for U.S Soy

17
Rehman, the managing director of the
Paragon Group. Five Indian crushers /
soy traders also met the QSSB team
and learned about developments
taking place in Bangladesh.
Interestingly Dr. Vijay Anand (Deputy
Regional Director of USSEC for the ASC
region) noted that Bangladesh
accounted for 95% share for the U.S of
the total soybean imported into the
country in 2015.
The mission visited Hi-Tech feed mill
and learned about poultry growth and
consumer demand in East India, also
noted that there is plenty of room for
growth as the per capita consumption
of chicken in India is still very low.
About 33 participants attended the
“Bangla-U.S Soy Alliance” in Kolkata,
which was an exclusive interactive
session with the Bangladesh feed
industry. There will soon be four crush
plants and several full fat soybean meal
(FFSBM) production units, which will
add to more of the U.S whole bean
consumption in Bangladesh.
Mr. Rehman stressed that it was more
important to conduct in-country
activities to demonstrate technologies
to the Bangladeshi people in order to
reach technologies and knowledge to
their country people.
Kazi Hassan, a key industry leader
managing the Kazi group, gave his
positive impressions on U.S. Soy and
mentioned that his group would need
some assistance on how to improve
their port' infrastructure to handle bulk
as well as containerized shipments.
Delhi: Interaction with food & feed
industry
The QSSB team attended a reception
hosted by Scott Sindelar, Minister
Counselor of Agricultural Affairs,
Foreign Agriculture Services (FAS)/U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA),
Embassy of the United States, New
Delhi at his residence. About 65
participants attended the event,
including ADM, Cargill, Poultry
Federation of India, U.S. Grains Council
(USGC), and U.S food grade soybean
importers.
In Delhi, the team was taken to McDonalds for lunch,
which provided them an insight on changing food
preferences of customers, trends with the young
population in India, and price comparisons.
On the last day of the mission, Mr. Sindelar and his team
welcomed the group to the embassy, and presented
USDA's perspectives on the Indian market. He stressed
that it pays to be patient to be able to derive benefits
from the Indian market.
USSEC made two presentations to the QSSB group, one
of the presentations focused on the market assessment
recently put together for the ASC region. The second
presentation centered on ASC's program management,
mission and goals; return on investment (ROI) for
dollars invested, and how the funds are distributed
against projects/activities among other topics.
The Iowa soybean group was especially glad to note
that initiatives were taken to send an Indian government
delegation to the Farm Progress Show in Boone, Iowa
on August 31 and September 1. Drew Klein, Regional
Representative – ASC will accompany the team once
they reach the U.S.
Matthew J Stutzman examining a pile of U.S soy meal at the Gold Coin Feed MillMatthew J Stutzman examining a pile of U.S soy meal at the Gold Coin Feed MillMatthew J Stutzman examining a pile of U.S soy meal at the Gold Coin Feed Mill

18
INTERVIEW
Asian Experts' Perspective on Asian
Subcontinent market
Dr. P.E Vijay Anand, USSEC said that
there is much international focus onto
ASC region especially due to its emerging
status as a favorable, developing
destination for various commodities and
products. He provided following market
update/assessment which was based on
the USDA data as of February 2016 and
U.S soy import figures were updated into
ASC as of June 2016.
World's soy meal dependence increased
by 24.63 million tons between 2011/12
and 2014/15 and the corresponding
increment for the Asia Subcontinent (ASC)
is 2.60 million tons. The change
percentage for the former is 13.84 % while
for the later it is 57.01% indicating that the
change is very rapid in the ASC region.
The change that is about 4.0 times higher is indicative of
increasing demand and rapidly developing industries that
need more soy meal as a consistent protein source in the
ASC. The forecast for soy meal utilization in the ASC is 8.69
MMT by 2015/16 as per USDA. To produce this meal about
10.66 MMT of soybeans are required.
The consumption front in the region has been driving a
significant demand for soy meal in between 2010 and 2015.
India's neighboring countries (Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri
Lanka and Nepal) show the highest change in their meal
consumption pattern during the same corresponding
period with a + 101.18 %. India's internal consumption also
shows a positive change of +39.69%. These two positive
changes put ASC on a consumption spot light and thus are
attracting attention from other countries.
Since the past five years, there has been a steady growth of
U.S soy imports into Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and more
recently (from 2015) into Pakistan and Nepal. A total of
394,000 MT of U.S soy meal valued at $ 213 million has
been imported in the last three years. On the same lines
PERSPECTIVE OF SOME MEMBERS OF QSSB ON ASIAN SUBCONTINENT MARKET
“With each of these trade visits, I am amazed at the breadth and depth of the technical services.
They are building relationships by helping people with their businesses, not just moving
soybeans. Helping companies build loyalty for U.S. soybeans.”
Kathy Maurer, Financial and International Marketing Director, Michigan Soybean
Promotion Committee
“I'm very excited to see that the marketing efforts that USSEC initiated long ago is working
exactly how it was planned. It's not possible to really have an idea of what is going on in India
without seeing it firsthand.”
Park Wells, Executive Director, Tennessee Soybean Promotion Council
“The [Indian] government could really affect change for its people if they would remove barriers
such inadequate roads and if they would take advantage of farming technologies that are
available.”
Ken Moore, Grower, Tennessee
“Sri Lanka presents such immediate potential. They want their farmers to be progressive and
they want to import U.S. Soy. They have a much more sophisticated marketing and processing
system than India does. In Bangladesh, based on the comments that we heard, they recognize
the quality of U.S. Soy but still make purchasing decisions wholly on price.”
Tony Stafford, Director of Business Development and New Markets, Missouri Soybean
Merchandising Council
“The meetings at the U.S. Embassy really gave me a great understanding of all of the forces that
work together to move my soy. When Jonn (Slette), the senior attaché, emphasized the value of
our visits to the market, it really drove home how important these interpersonal relationships
are.”
Mike Bellar, Grower, Kansas
“Feeding the world is so far from just how we can increase yield. There are so many market
access issues that need to be addressed in order to get our commodity to the people that need
protein.”
Matt Stutzman, ASA Director and Grower, Michigan
Dr. P.E Vijay Anand

19
1.13 million tons of U.S soybeans have been imported into
India's neighboring countries in the past three years.
Import trends for U.S soy continue into Bangladesh,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Nepal even in the current oil year
(October 2015-September 2016). With three more months
to go, the ASC region has already imported 799,268 MT of
U.S soybeans and 253,247 MT of U.S soy meal into the
region.
Interestingly Bangladesh, Pakistan and Nepal which were
initially meal markets have now turned into soybean
markets while Sri Lanka is a steady meal market. Countries
that are rapidly taking to soybean crushing perhaps realize
that demand for protein and energy (oil) is the need of
the hour to support nutritional security for their
population. For the first time, India also imported corn
and soy meal in 2015/16 as Indian meal was out priced as
compared to international prices. Indian demand for soy
meal is bound to grow as the poultry, aquaculture and
human consumption sectors grow.
Mr. Shabbir Ahmad Khan, another
expert from Indian Poultry
industry shared about historical
relations between Indian industry
and US Agriculture industry
which started way back in 1967,
when two grandparent stocks
were imported from US and
Canada.
In 1980's USSEC started to
conduct various seminars to
teach the industry about the
usage of soy meal in poultry feed which started at 10%
inclusion and soon reached 25-35%.
Since starting its office in 1996, USSEC invested lots of
funds to educate the industry about the usage and
benefits of SBM in Poultry, dairy, fish and food sector. As
they believe that Indian industry is a mighty one and will
surely recognize the benefits.
Looking at the present scenario of industry, GOI may
consider to import SBM to address raw
material security, sustained supply and
price corrections and thus saving the
livestock industry of the country.
A huge credit of the success story of
Indian Poultry sector goes to these
international experts who invested their
time and money. I really hope that both
the countries will mutually benefit from
each other in near future.
Shabbir Ahmad Khan
Pawan Kumar giving an industry overview and broiler feed milling processesPawan Kumar giving an industry overview and broiler feed milling processesPawan Kumar giving an industry overview and broiler feed milling processes

ARTICLE Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 10 | August 2016
20
MORINGA: Indian
perspective of an
alternative source for fodder
Subrahmanya D.J., Malu Ram Yadav, Dr. Rakesh Kumar
& Dr. Hardev Ram, NDRI, Karnal
Introduction
India possesses the highest livestock
population in the world, which is
growing at the rate of 4.8% per year.
Accordingly, the country's feed
requirement to feed such a large
livestock population is also increasing.
Regular supply of adequate and
nutritious feed and fodder is essential
for the development of livestock sector.
Fodder crops are the main and
cheapest source of roughage feed for
livestock. However, shortage of quality
fodder, particularly during lean periods
is major factor contributing to lower
livestock productivity. Currently, the
country faces a net deficit of 35.6%
green fodder, 10.95% dry fodder and
44% concentrate feed ingredients. The
demand for green and dry fodder will
reach to 1012 and 631 million tonnes
by 2050. Therefore, to meet out this
deficit, fodder supply has to grow at
1.69% annually to sustain livestock
husbandry. Since last two decades,
static area under cultivated fodder is
only 8.4 m ha (less than 5%). Forage
have an important role to play in
ruminant nutrition in providing energy, protein and
minerals and fiber for chewing. Tree fodders could be a
good option to meet the fodder demand of livestock in
areas having a perennial shortage of green fodder.
Research efforts have confirmed the potentiality of
browsing plants to provide alternate source of nutrition
for ruminants in tropics. There is a huge list of such
browse trees and shrubs with potential use as fodder,
which may go even up to more than 300 species.
One such tree which gives fodder for ruminants is
Moringa, popularly known as “drumstick tree” for its
pods that are used by drummers, and also known as
“horseradish tree” for the flavor of its roots. Drumstick
scientifically called as Moringa oleifera and is called
Saijan in Hindi. This fast-growing tree is grown
throughout the tropics for multi-purpose use viz.
human food, livestock forage, medicine values, dye,
water purification, and for its wide adaptability and
ease of establishment. Moringa leaves contain a good
amount of beta-carotene, protein, vitamin C, calcium,
magnesium and iron. Since Moringa leaves are rich in
protein, so can be used as a supplemental fodder for
milch animals. Rather, its leaves contain much higher
protein than conventional protein supplements like
coconut meal, cotton seed cake, ground nut cake,
sesame cake, sunflower cake etc. Besides these, the
leaves posses antioxidant and antimicrobial properties
against several fungal species such as E. Coli, S. Arous,
ImageSource:moringafarms

21
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 10 | August 2016Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 10 | August 2016
P. Aeruginosa, and B. Cereus. Moringa
can be grown as hedge, fence, and
multi-cut forage, etc.
Nutritional Profile
Macronutrients like P, K, Ca, and Mg
play key roles in balancing the
physiological, metabolic, and
biochemical processes of livestock.
Cattle suffer from low blood Mg during
lactation, which causes low milk yield
due to deficiency of mg. Moringa
leaves contain high amount of
macronutrients Mg and K, and can be
effectively used to fulfill the dietary and
nutritional requirements of livestock
animals by mixing of moringa leaves
with other fodders or grasses.
Fodder Production Potential
The biomass production of moringa is
affected by climatic condition, spacing,
cutting height, planting pattern,
geometry and cutting frequencies.
Highest Crop growth rate (CGR) was in
narrow spacing. Highest fodder yields
of moringa from plants is obtained
when spaced at 30 x 40 cm. In the rainy
season, harvesting the crop at an
interval of 4 to 6 weeks at a height of
150 cm gives the highest yields. In the
dry season 12 week harvest interval
gives highest biomass yields with a
cutting height of 100cm. On an average
4.2 to 8.3 t ha-1 dry matter yield can be
obtained.
Effect of Moringa Fodder on Growth &
Milk Yield
Moringa fresh foliage can be included into the dietary
roughage component for ruminants. It has shown
positive effects on feeding behavior of goat, increased
growth rate in sheep and increased milk yield in dual
Table: Nutritional quality of M. oleifera
Particulars Content
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg DM) 9.30
Organic matter digestibility (%) 72.0
Ash (%) 13.2
Crude fiber (%) 10.0
Crude protein (%) 28.9
Fat (%) 6.73
Nitrogen free extracts (NFE) (%) 45
Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (%) 16.7
Non fiber carbohydrate (NFC) (%) 38.4
Acid detergent lignin (%) 6.49
Cellulose (%) 5.59
Hemicelluloses (%) 4.66
Calcium (%) 2.62
Phosphorous (%) 0.43
Magnesium (%) 0.56
potassium (%) 2.0
Sodium(%) 0.03
Adapted from: Gebregiorgis et al.,2012

22
purpose cows. MLM (moringa leaf
meal) can be included into the diet of
fish, laying hens and cross-bred dairy
cows. Moringa supplementation
resulted in a highest average weight
gain of 20.83 g/animal/day in goats
feed and protein was efficiently
utilized by animals when moringa
leaves was used as a fodder
supplement. Moringa contains 0.20
g P and Na /100 g DM, which is
higher than diet requirements of
goats viz. (0.07 g/100 g DM).
Moringa diet had the highest
efficiency of protein utilization,
nutrient digestibility, nitrogen
utilization. It improves the milk yield
of ruminants as it has a good rumen
bypass protein characteristics. In fact,
MLM can be used as a substitute for
other oil cakes.
Potential Areas
Dry lands offer a good scope for
development of agro forestry, social
forestry, horti-silvi-pasture and other
similar systems which will not only
supply food, fuel to the village
people and fodder to the cattle also
a suitable vegetative cover for
ecological maintenance. These fodder
trees are gaining more attention due
to low maintenance and less input
requirements and their capability to
provide good quality forage during
the periods of food scarcity. Moringa
is one of the best nutritious trees
which can provide sufficient fodder
for livestock during dry season. Once
their roots have developed and
established it is even resistant to
frequent cuttings in drought
situations.
It is a fast growing tree with efficient
capability of re-growth after pruning
and capacity to produce good quality
higher leaf biomass per unit area and
can tolerate long dry spells up to 6
months during dry season and grow
well with annual rainfall between
250‒1500 mm per year and
temperature ranging from 19 to 28
ºC. It is best suitable for agro forestry
system such as Home garden and
multi-storied cropping system with
plantation crops in dry land farming
areas of southern India.
In Degraded & Desertified Lands
Land degradation and desertification are complex
phenomena caused by both natural and
anthropogenic factors. Silvipastoral system is the
most prominent agro forestry system suitable for
these degraded and desertified areas. The system is
characterized by integrating trees with forage and
livestock production. Moringa is the best protein rich
multipurpose tree can be planted on these areas for
cut and carry fodder production to meet the fodder
requirements of livestock during the fodder deficit
periods.
Salt Affected Soils
In arid and semi arid regions annual rainfall is not
sufficient to leach down salt to the deeper layers of
soil. Moringa is a drought tolerant plant that can be
grown in diverse soils, except those that are
waterlogged. Slightly alkaline clay and sandy loam
soils are considered the best media for this species
due to their good drainage. Moringa can be
introduced as a fodder crop in these salt affected
areas.
Low Fertility Soils
The major limiting factor of fodder production in the
tropics is the deficiency of soil nutrients which
affects the growth, nutrient content, and uptake of
the plant, Due to low levels of nitrogen, phosphorus,
and organic carbon. Fodder production in these
areas mainly dependent on application of high
amount NPK based fertilizers. Moringa can be grown
as a fodder crop on marginal lands with high
temperatures and low water availability. It requires
fertilizer application only during initial stages of
growth. Moringa can be grown in versatile
conditions including hot, humid, dry tropical and
subtropical regions, except waterlogged soils. It can
perform better under marginal conditions with
ample nutritional quality.
Conclusions
Moringa being rich source of nutrients and
metabolizable energy can be considered as
alternative fodder for livestock. It can be grown in
most of the tropical climatic zones and have low
demand of soil nutrients and water. In dairy farming
system it can sustain green fodder availability round
the year without extra efforts. Its versatile nature
makes it fit in various cropping systems, because it
can be grown as crop or tree fences in alley cropping
systems, in agroforestry systems, and even on
marginal lands with high temperatures and low water
availabilities where it is difficult to cultivate other
agricultural crops.

23
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 10 | August 2016 INDUSTRY NEWS
Damaged wheat crop use as animal feed
From the heart of the U.S. big farm belt
to Colombia, Vietnam and Indonesia,
livestock producers are snapping up
wheat damaged by bad weather or low
in protein, providing pigs and poultry
with grain more often milled for
making bread.
The increased global purchases of
cheap, poor quality wheat for animal
feed come as a combination of bumper
crops and low prices increase its appeal
compared to alternatives like corn.
"There's a massive amount of wheat out
there that didn't make the grade," said
one U.S. grain merchandiser. "The next
best option is to either carry it or find
another mouth for it as feed."
Farms in the United States, the Black
Sea region, Europe and Australia have
had bumper harvests, which are likely
to push global wheat stocks to record
levels for the third consecutive year in
2016/17, according to the USDA. But
quality problems have weighed on
prices. Now wheat is eating into
demand for corn - also a staple animal
feed and already under pressure from
its own ample global supplies.
The USDA recently hiked its estimate
for global wheat consumption in the
coming year by 13.3 million tonnes to
the highest ever, "primarily on
increased feed use" which the agency
estimated at 144.42 million tonnes. The
USDA cut its forecast for global
consumption of coarse grains, including
corn, by 3.3 million tonnes.
"Wheat's a great substitute for corn,
there's plenty of it, and it's at $7 or $8 a
tonne discount (to corn)," said a U.S.
grain export trader. "I've had some
Colombians take it, and I'd love to sell
them more."
Colombia's neighbor, Brazil, is an
exception. It had its own feed wheat
frenzy earlier this year when hog and
poultry producers used wheat for the
first time in a decade as corn prices
soared following a severe drought.
Now, with a huge corn harvest rolling
in, Brazil no longer needs to use feed
wheat. “You cannot substitute corn 100
percent, but I think the animal feed
manufacturers and importers will take
wheat content to the limit," said a
German trader.
Another German trader, said demand
for feed wheat has risen sharply from
some of the big Asian importers, such
as South Korea and Indonesia. The
latter has already slapped controls on
imports in a bid to encourage feed
mills to use domestic corn.
"Korean importers have told me that, in
the present price constellation, they will
switch to more feed wheat tenders
from corn in coming weeks," this
German trader said. "In South Korea
alone, this could result in about 150,000
tonnes a month of corn imports being
switched to feed wheat."
Source: Reuters
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Supported by* :
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All India Rice
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Spice Board
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Roller Flour
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Federation
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24
Introduction
Over the years food and feed
production has changed significantly.
The pursuit of a sustainable
agriculture and to make food
available to ever increasing world
population is a huge challenge. This
leads to increase in the feed cost and
variations in the feed raw material
availability for global feed industry.
The feed represents up to 80% of the
total cost of animal production,
therefore feed formulation is one of
the most important areas to focus. A
deficiency and an excess of nutrients
as a result of lower performance
and/or higher costs, lead to economic
losses. The nutritionists are more
conscious about the necessity of
better quality control practices. It is
important to know both the
nutritional composition and the cost
of each raw material, as well to make
least cost formulation using routine
analysis of finished feeds
Historically, proximate analysis has
been used for the estimation of the
nutritional content of feedstuffs and
complete feeds. Wet chemistry or
routine analytical methods usually
involve many steps, which have errors
in them, that limits the precision of
the method being used resulting in
less accuracy. Hence, NIR Spectroscopy, an alternative
and robust analytical tool, is adopted in modern and
automated feed milling industry. NIR technology has
improved significantly for last 50 years; the
development in computing is the main reason for its
acceptance and expansion within the global feed
sector. Big databases and complex mathematical
algorithms have allowed extracting much more
comprehensive information from the NIR spectrum.
It cannot be forgotten that NIR is a secondary
method of analysis, relying on the mathematical
association between wet chemistry (primary method)
analysis and a spectrum. With complex and highly
variable natural products from all around the world,
the ability to collect a representative set of samples to
replicate the characteristic variability within the
overall population (harvest year, varieties, geography,
etc.) is highly necessary.
Advantages of Using NIR
1. Capable of providing accurate rapid analysis of
samples
2. Non-destructive analysis, after analysis samples
could still be used for other purposes
3. No need of toxic/corrosive and expensive
chemicals and their disposal
4. Easy to analyze large numbers and
heterogeneous samples
5. Multiple components of each sample can be
determined from a single measurement of the
sample's spectrum, which reduces analytical cost
per sample
It is beneficial when used wisely but also has some
ARTICLE
Tour of NIR analysis
in Feed Industry
Mr. Alejandro Criado, AB Vista
ImageSource:beyondtheelevator

26
limitations like cost of
instrumentation, its calibration (need
to calibrate the instrument for each
component and each type of
ingredient), need to have fairly
complex training and calibration
procedures. Nonetheless success of
NIR is dependent on instrument
specification, modelling tools and the
accuracy and variability of the
laboratory analysis being studied.
NIR applications in the feed
industry
Feed quality is very important and has
a critical role on performance. Quality
includes nutritional contents and
hygiene parameters. Nutritional value
is maintained by analyzing ingredients
with conventional instruments which
may have some fluctuations and result
in nutrients variation in feed and
performance is compromised. To
reduce the chances of fluctuation in
nutrient contents in finished feed, NIR
is being used.
In the feed industry, NIR spectrometry
can be used for a significant amount
of different applications, from
proximate to high quality analysis as
amino acids or Non Starch
Polysacchrides (NSPs). NIR is the best
tool to predict animal performance
and many calibrations for in vivo
digestibility. NIR technology will help
for economic feed formulation to
reduce cost based on balanced
nutrients especially energy (ME),
protein (Amino Acid), minerals
(Calcium & Phosphorus) which are the
real drivers of feed formulation.
NIR can also measure a wide range of
physical characteristics which make it
a comprehensive tool for quality
assessment. Some of these physical
properties analysis are particle size,
hardness and starch damage amongst
others. NIR can be used to confirm the
maturity stage of feedstuffs and its suitability for use
in feed.
Mixer efficiency assessment is another area of
application of NIR. A number of samples can be taken
at the discharge point of a mixer machine for analysis
of CV (Coefficient of variance). By calculating CV of
the absorbance for each wavelength, the optimal
mixing time for a finished feed can be calculated.
NIR can also be used to analyse some of the feed anti-
nutrients like phytate. Phosphorus is the third most
expensive feed raw material after energy and protein.
Feed manufacturers are increasingly replacing added
inorganic phosphates with phytases due to the high
price of phosphate, environmental issues and the
availability of more efficient enzyme products. As
phytate found within raw materials can vary, it is
complicated to estimate the total phytate content of a
finished feed from published values. Many laboratory
methods exist for phytate determination which are
expensive and time- consuming, hence NIR can be an
alternate real-time phytate analysis method.
Future of NIR
The manufacture of smaller, more robust, portable,
low-priced equipment has been possible thanks to the
latest developments in engineering. That allows a big
advantages against laboratory-based systems as the
analysis can be perform at the most convenient
location, for example at the grain silo or feed mill
intake.
Widely used in many other applications, these truly
portable instruments are lightweight yet of extremely
robust construction which can be found in multiple
locations in a feed mill including raw material
reception and product dispatch; which will allow
accepting or rejecting products based on the NIR
result. This would save unnecessary transportation of
below specification material, and increase time
efficiency. NlR could bridge the gap between
advanced nutritional scientific knowledge generated
and application to practical feed formulation and
rationing. NlR technology is a reality which sufficiently
proved its value as a powerful tool for multiple
product constituent quality controls in different points
at the feed industry and as an essential support for
providing an integral advisory service to farmers.
For further information, please contact cparihar@abvista.com
FeedTechExpo 2017Animal Feed Technology
Mark your Dates for
India’s Only Exhibition for
Feed IndustryFeed Industry
23-24-25
www.feedtechexpo.com
23-24-25 February
Venue: New Grain Market, Karnal, India

Poultry Federation Moves Hyderabad
to commemorate its 28th AGM
Poultry Federation of India (PFI)
celebrated its 28th Annual meeting at
Hyderabad which was a 2 day event,
AGM on July 15, next day followed by
National Seminar. Both the AGM and
seminar was attended by high
spirited gathering.
The Chief Guest for the event was
Honorable Minister of Agriculture Sh.
Radha Mohan Singh, Government of
India who was accompanied by
special dignitaries like Dr. Lakhsman,
BJP President and MLA, Mr. Dharma
Rao, Vice President(State) BJP, ex-
MLA Warangaland Poultry farmer, Sh.
Mahipal Dhanda, MLA, Panipat
Gramin and Poultry Farmer.
Mr. Ramesh Chander Khatri, President
of PFI, highlighted the significance
and stake of poultry industry in the
country's economy. By presenting the
statistics, he represented the
importance of Poultry among its
allied industries like equipment,
pharmaceuticals, feed milling etc. To
make the Indian Poultry competitive
globally, he appealed to Honorable
Minister to support the industry and
further share the role of egg and
other poultry products in Food
Security, being cheap and affordable
protein sources which cannot be
adulterated.
According to Vijay Sardana, Advisor,
PFI, Poultry is an ATM machine for
farmers. Out of 365 days, it gives
income for 300 days. This is the
fastest crop, a farmer can sell 30 days
onwards after placement. Poultry can
be an economic source for BPL
families. Rural families can start
business with less than Rs. 1000.
These farmers also support rural
economy, as almost 60% of total
maize produced and 80% soya DOC
is consumed by poultry sector. It
should be an integral part of midday
meal programs.
Poultry sector & its economic
significance
 Supports Food Security and
Nutrition for 125 crore people
 Rural and Urban Employment –
about 10 crore people
 Rural and urban Income – about
INR 100,000 crores
Import Policy
For end users of Poultry ingredients
which are imported to India, there
should be concessional duty as it is
used to improve efficiency and
reduce cost of production
No domestic industry will suffer
because no one is making these
products in India
Tax loss will be a fraction of the total
additional value created by poultry
sector
GST and its implication
Poultry should be at par with other
agriculture sectors like corn and
soybean
Further on Mr. Mahipal Dhanda who
is a sitting MLA and a poultry farmer
highlighted actual problems faced by
a farmer such as pollution to harass
farmer and asked the honorable
cabinet minister to support the
industry.
The first session concluded with Chief
Guest's address in which he promised
support to the industry and
expressed his gratitude as it was the
first time that a cabinet minister has
attended the AGM. He asked PFI to
meet him with a delegation to
discuss issues related to
transportation and pollution in
details.
In the 2nd session, the President, PFI
shared about the activities of PFI with
its members like the Protein
Awareness Campaign-an effort to
increase the consumption of poultry
products. It will not only open more
markets but will also help the country
to deplete the magnitude of
malnutrition in India. The World Egg
Day celebrations were also discussed.
Mr. Ranpal Dhanda expressed his
sincere gratitude for making the AGM
such a grand success. He also
thanked the sponsoring companies
for supporting PFI.
The following day was dedicated to
technical know-how, practical
sessions, e-marketing sessions which
was well attended by industry
audience. This seminar session was
followed by Panel Discussion as on
how to go about the challenges and
issues of the industry.
The 2-day event concluded with
felicitations of all the sponsors,
special invitees, guests and
dignitaries.
Sh. Radha Mohan Singh, Minister of Agriculture with
PFI Office Bearers lightening the lamp in 28th AGM of PFI
EVENT COVERAGE
28

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 10 | August 2016CALENDAR OF EVENTS
30
2016-17
To list any industry event related to Grain & Feed industry please write us at
editor@benisonmedia.com
AGRENA 2016
Date: 6-8 October 2016
Venue: Cairo International Conference Center, Egypt
Email: info@agrena.net
Web: www.agrena.net
Layer Feed Quality Conference
Venue: Jakarta, Indonesia
Email: events@asian-agribiz.com
Web: www.asian-agribiz.com
Vietstock
Venue: Saigon Exhibition & Convention Center (SECC,
HCMC, Vietnam
Email: vietstock@ubm.com
Web: www.vietstock.org
OCTOBER
Oilseed and Grain Trade Summit
Date: 14-16 November 2016
Venue: Hyatt Regency, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Email: ogts-info@highquestgroup.com
Web: www.oilseedandgrain.com
EuroTier
Venue: Hanover, Germany
Email: expo@dlg.org
Web: www.eurotier.com
Poultry India
Venue: HITEX, Exhibition Centre, Hyderabad, India
Email: info@poultryindia.co.in
Web: www.poultryindia.co.in
NOVEMBER
CLFMA Symposium
Date: 2-3 September 2016
Venue: Kolkata, India
Email: clfmaindia@gmail.com
Web: www.clfmaofindia.org
VIV China
Venue: Shunyi District Beijing, China
Email: wang.yunyun@vip.163.com
Web: www.vivchina.nl
SPACE
Venue: Rennes Exhibition Centre, France
Email: am.quemener@space.fr, info@space.fr
SEPTEMBER
GrainTech India
Date: 26-28 August 2016
Venue: Bangalore International Exhibition Centre
(BIEC), Bangalore, India
Email: graintechindia@gmail.com
Web: www.graintechindia.com
AUGUST
International Feed Expo
Date: 31 Jan - 2 Feb 2017
Venue: Georgia World Congress Center, 285 Andrew
Young International Blvd NW, Atlanta, Georgia USA
Email: info@ippexpo.org
Web: www.ippexpo.com
JANUARY
Feed Tech Expo
Date: 23-25 February 2017
Venue: New Grain Market, Karnal, India
Email: feedtechexpo@gmail.com
Web: www.feedtechexpo.com
FEBRUARY

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