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Things to know
- 1. Things to KnowIndustrial Revolution & the Civil War
- 2. Edwin Drake 1858Drilled 69½ feet First to drill for oil in the US Titusville, PA PA led the world in oil production until 1901’s oil boom in Texas
- 3. John Roebling Inventorof wire rope for canal Designed suspension bridges (Brooklyn Bridge) Enables bridges to span much farther
- 4. Andrew Carnegie “rags to riches” Carnegie Steel Largest industry in the world Sold company for $225,639,000 Philanthropist
- 5. Milton Hershey Createdon formula for milk chocolate World’s largest chocolate manufacturing plant (1905) Philanthropist
- 6. Conestoga Wagon Developedby Germans in Lancaster (1749) could hold up to 12,000 pounds
- 7. Horseshoe Curve Madepossible railroad transportation through the Appalachian Mountains Completed 1854
- 8. National Road nation'sfirst federally funded highway (route 40) Includes Braddock’s Road
- 9. Allegheny Portage RailroadFrom Hollidaysburg to Johnstown System of inclined planes to connect canals Made obsolete by the Horseshoe Curve
- 10. Ida Tarbell “muckraker” or investigative journalist Wrote “Standard Oil Company”—criticized oil industry Top 5 most important book of the 20 th century
- 11. Rachel Carson SilentSpring spurred a reversal in national pesticide policy—ban on DDT and other pesticides Began the environmental movement Resulted in the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency.
- 12. Molly McGuires Irishorganization of miners Murdered managers and mine superintendents Twenty molly McgGuires were sentenced to death for the killings.
- 13. Homestead Steel StrikeCarnegie steel factory Reduced the workers’ wages & hired replacement workers Battle ensued, with some agents and steelworkers being killed
- 14. Henry Heinz Openeda factory in Pittsburgh One of the top-selling brands in the country.
Editor's Notes
- #3 The significant step that Drake took was to drive a thirty two foot iron pipe through the ground into the bedrock below. This allowed Drake to drill inside the pipe, without the hole collapsing from the water seepage. The principle behind this idea is still employed today by many companies drilling for hydrocarbons. Within a day of Drake's striking oil, Drake’s methods were being imitated by others along Oil Creek and in the immediate area. This culminated with the establishment of several oil boom towns along the creek. Drake's well produced 25 barrels (4.0 m 3 ) of oil a day. By 1871, the entire area was producing 5.8 million barrels (920,000 m 3 ) a year. He failed to patent his drilling invention. Then he lost all of his savings in oil speculation in 1863. He was to end up as an impoverished old man. In 1872, Pennsylvania voted an annuity of $1500 to the "crazy man" whose determination founded the oil industry.
- #4 His grandson, Washington A. Roebling, II, died on the RMS Titanic
- #5 His first job at age 13 in 1848 was as a bobbin boy , changing spools of thread in a cotton mill twelve hours a day, six days a week. His wages were $1.25 per week, plus another 80 cents for firing the furnace
- #8 It was such an important location that it was guarded by Union soldiers during the American Civil War and a number of additional conflicts. During the first half of the 1900s, the Horseshoe Curve was considered, along with the Panama Canal, the Empire State Building, and the Bay Bridge at San Francisco, one of the engineering "Wonders of the World."