The document discusses the relationship between elementary schools and "digital natives" or today's digitally connected children. It notes that French schools have been in a long-term crisis as reforms have failed to modernize the system. Additionally, there is a disconnect between schools and digital native students who have been born connected. The document proposes that schools must adapt to anticipate future social needs and changes in order to remain relevant and effective for students. It suggests exploring new teaching methods, uses of technology, and school architectural designs that could enable students to express themselves and learn in a more creative environment.

1. ELEMENTARY SCHOOL FACING
the Digital NativesMarine Belluet - Spatial and innivation designer
Graduation Thesis, 2013
École de design Nantes Atlantique

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Elementary school facing the digital natives Elementary school facing the digital natives
0/20 1 ABSTRACT
2 Préambule
3 Introduction
4 Thesis
questionning
In what ways school
and digital natives
are at the heart of the
social concerns?
5 Three Gears
5.1 - The republic’s school a long lasting crisis
5.1.1 - A glorious story
5.1.2 - From french elitism to equality
5.1.3 - Reforms to reforms
5.2 - Connection failure
5.2.1 - Child from 6 to 11
5.2.2 - Digital natives, born connected
5.3 - For tomorrow
5.3.1 - Mutations
5.3.2 - Personnal and creativ development
6 « Refounding school »
6.1 - Pedagogy a question of good transmission
6.1.1 - Student, teacher and pedagogy
6.1.2 - Denied opportunities
6.2 - The arrival of the NICT
6.2.1 - New technology at school
6.2.2 - Knowledges or skills
6.3 - School the space of the possible
6.3.1 - A slow evolution of the architecture
6.3.2 - The space, a relevant opportunity
7 Oppening
7.1 - Outside the school, are the tips
7.1.1 - School from abroad
7.1.2 - Playgrounds and offices an inspiration
7.1.3 - From shapes and colours
summary
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8 CONCLUSION
Enable children to express
themselves and blossom
into a flowering space.
9 Appendix
10 Bibliography
11 Webography
12 Credits
13 Thanks
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Elementary school facing the digital natives Elementary school facing the digital natives
This project starts with convictions,
first the conviction that the anthropologist aspect and humility of
design will have a strong role to play in the future, then that design
will participate on making the world moving to a better one that
is why after my interior design study I choose to specialized in
responsible innovation. This project then came from a dream, a
dream in which a better world will allow everyone to do his best. But
as big as our world is this move cannot become a reality if we do not
make a meticulous work. Adding those convictions to my worries
about ecological, social and consumption behavior this project
research leads me through food self-sufficiency to behavior learning
and then to the problems of learning environments. The talk of Felix
Finkbeiner to the United-Nation was a turning point on this process.
Amazed by the power and simplicity of his idea I wonder why adults
do not pay more attention to children idea and truth.
I then came to wonder about education. Questioning
elementaryschoolonitssystemitisexploringfieldsuchaseducational
policy or educational sciences. But above that theoretical field there
is the reality, the reality of children, teachers, parents, school, society
and cities. What are their bounds? How each of those realities are
working? What are the breaks that lead 64% of the population to
think that French school isn’t efficient anymore? Is that a sign of
change?
KEY WORDS
elementary school
digital natives
educational policy
educational issues
learning process
child creativity
child flourishing
future mutation
social needs
teaching methods
knowledge
skills
educational architecture
school history
ABSTRACT
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Elementary school facing the digital natives Elementary school facing the digital natives
Using the process of social design is using it to serve society; in that
case it is also to serve the young generation. When talking about
generation we cannot avoid talking of their ineluctable change and
their unpredictable behavior. Anticipate the issues, and trends they
will have to face and the future context will help us to anticipate.
Does anticipate the social need is a role that suits the school? But if
school does not get adapted to its society how could it be efficient?
As the Digital Generation is announced to be the one of the changes,
it may change a lot of institution organization. As a designer we
have to explore the subject with a “design for all” concerns without
forgetting to be adaptive to each site, because the success of
education changes lie in its faculty to be adapted to any needs both
from the users and the existing environment.
What can we do? Why we should do it? What already exists?
This thesis is studying the current school system issues thought
diverse fields such as sociology, history, educational sciences,
psychology and architecture. Always looking for the anthropologist
and innovation this research work is raising questions that all came
from my thesis question that is: In what ways school and the digital
natives are at the heart of the social concerns? The development of
this research leads me to conclude this thesis by opening a project
that gathered questioning, analyze and opportunity into an interior
design project focus on the idea to enable children to express
themselves and blossom into a flowering space.
Albertini Pierre, L’école en France du XIXe siècle à nos jours, de la maternelle
à l’université, Hachette supérieur, 3eme édition, 2006.
The evolution of the educational system in France from the XIX century to today’s
day.
CERI sous la direction de l’OCDE, Repenser l’enseignement, des scénarios pour
agir, Edition OCDE, 2006.
Internatinnal scenarii for tomorrow’s school.
Germanos Dimitri, Le réaménagement éducatif de l’espace scolaire, moyen
de transition de la classe traditionnelle vers une classe coopérative et
multiculturelle Synergies Sud-Est européen N°2, 2009
The Built environement in educational field and it’s relation to psychology,
pedagogy and social stakes.
Hassenforder Jean et Ruth Kohn, « environnement et pédagogie », Éducation
et développement N°73, Décembre 1971.
The links between school environement and pedagogy.
Houssaye Jean (Sous la direction de), Quinze pédagogues, leurs influences
aujourd’hui, Bordas pédagogie, 2000.
15 pedagogies explained in details and their impact on todays pedagogy and way
to approach the changes in French school.
Illeris Knud, How we learn, Learning and non-learning in school and
Bibliography
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Elementary school facing the digital natives Elementary school facing the digital natives
beyond,Routledge, 2007.
Writting by proffessor Knud Illeris responsile of the learning laboratory at The
Danish University of éducation. Give scientific point of view on learning process.
L’école en Crise? Cahier Français N°368, 2012, La documentation Française
Assessment on french school difficulties and future stakes.
Landry Marie-Claire, La créativité des enfants, Malgré ou grâce à l’éducation
?, De Boeck Université, les éditions logiques, Pratiques pédagogiques, 1997.
Origins of creativ process and way to keep it growing to help children and adults
development.
Yves Legay, Une approche historique de la construction scolaire en France
depuis le 19ème siècle, intervention au CDDP (centre départementale de la
documentation pédagogique), mai 2006.
Historical approach of school architecture in France and Europe.
«Refondons l’école de la république» Le rapport de la concertation, 2012
Reform project of french educational system.
Mazalto Maurice, Architecture scolaire et réussite éducative, Paris, édition
Fabert, 2008
Explained the need of a studied architecture for schools.
Philippe Meirieu, Repenser l’architecture scolaire… pour que l’École puisse
faire face aux défis de la modernité « Pour un collège du troisième millénaire
», 2006. En ligne sur www.meirieu.com
OCDE (2011), Regard sur l’éducation 2011, les indicateurs de l’OCDE, Editions
OCDE.
Comparison’s indicators of education in the countru of the OECD.
OCDE (2010), Comment apprend-on ? : La recherche au service de la pratique,
Editions OCDE.
Questionning about the essence of learning and it’s natural motivation. This
publication also present the lastest work on the pedagological field and school
environment to propose multiple way of innovation.
Perrenoud Philippe, Métier d’élève et sens du travail scolaire, 7eme édition,
ESF Édition, 2010
What is the work of the children at school? And in the society?
Rollot Olivier, La génération Y, PUF, 2012
This book introduce the first observation of the digital natives behavior, values
and stakes.
L’enfant du 21eme siècle, Sciences humaine, Grand Dossiers N°8, 2007
Psychological observation of the digital natives.
Tangible steps toward tomorrow, new design for early éducation, ages 0-8,
W.K.Kelloggs foundation & IDEO, 2007.
Troger Vincent et Jean-Claude Ruano-Borbalan, Histoire du système éducatif,
Que sais-je ?, PUF 2eme édition, 2009.
Parallel between social development and the evolution of the school, and it’s
impact on the society
La revanche des cancres, bienvenue dans l’école du futur, Usbek & Rica n°3,
2012
A futuristique point of view of school and what it could be tomorrow.
Vial Jean, Histoire de l’éducation, Que sais-je?, PUF 4eme édition, 2009.
The evolution of learning in the world from prehistory to the present days.

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Elementary school facing the digital natives Elementary school facing the digital natives
PISA survey:
<www.oecd.org/pisa/>
French educatinal ministry:
<www.education.gouv.fr/>
School design innovation:
<www.ideo.com/expertise/education/>
Montessori Pedagogy:
<www.montessori.org>
On ligne encyclopedia:
<www.larousse.fr/encyclopédie/>
Visual library:
<www.gallica.bnf.fr>
Richard Watson work:
<www.whatsnext.com>
multiple intelligence:
<www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm>
Tinkering school:
<www.tinkeringschool.com/>
WEBOGRAPHy
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Baupiloten Office:
<www.baupiloten.com/en/
officestructure>
Finland’s school:
<http://ecoles.alternative-democra-
tique.org/Pourquoi-s-interesser-a-l-
ecole-en>
Talks: www.ted.com
- Geoff Mulgan, « A short intro to the
Studio school », septembre 2011
- Sir Ken Robinson, « schools kill
creativity », juin 2006
- Tim Brown, « Tales of creativity and
play », november 2008
- Claudie Haigneré, «Drawing lessons
from space for the furure of education»,
2010
- Adora Svitak, « What adults can learn
from kids », février 2010.

8. Marine Belluet - Spatial and innovation designer