This document discusses plastic waste and its impacts. It describes how plastic is produced from fossil fuels and generates pollution during manufacturing. Most plastic is non-biodegradable and persists in landfills and the environment for centuries. Less than 50% of plastic is recycled, with the rest ending up in landfills, being incinerated, or polluting the oceans. This poses serious threats to wildlife and potential human health impacts through contamination of the food chain.

1. Abstract
English
We are living in a consumption society where people are less conscious about
their impact to the environment. As in many fast growing cities, Bangkok is also
facing the problem but most people still pay least attention to reduce plastic con-
sumption.
From the research, I came across a trend reducing plastic waste by refilling with
a reuse container. This trend could have a massive impact in solving this problem
while benefiting both consumers and producers.
Therefore, this thesis aims to introduce a new lifestyle raising awareness and that
refilling can reduce plastic waste and encouraging people in Bangkok to adhere
such behaviour.
As a result, I am proposing a product service system suitable for the context of-
Bangkok society, offering users the accessibility towards a sustainable lifestyle
through the refilling system.
Italian
Viviamo in una società dei consumi dove le persone sono meno consapevoli del
loro impatto sull’ambiente. Come in molte città in rapida crescita, anche Bangkok
sta fronteggiando questo problema, ma la maggioranza delle persone continua a
prestare meno attenzione nella riduzione del consumo di plastica.
Dalla riempimento, mi sono imbattuta in un trend sulla riduzione dei rifiuti di plas-
tica attraverso la ricarica un contenitore di riutilizzo. Questa tendenza potrebbe
avere un impatto enorme nel risolvere questo problema apportando un vantaggio
sia per i consumatori che per i produttori.
Pertanto, questa tesi si propone di introdurre un nuovo stile di vita che aumenti la
consapevolezza che attraverso il riempimento è possibile ridurre i rifiuti di plas-
tica e che incoraggi le persone a Bangkok ad aderire a tale comportamento.
Come risultato, propongo un sistema di servizi e prodotto adatto per il contesto
della società Bangkok, offrendo agli utenti l’accessibilità a uno stile di vita sos-
tenibile attraverso il sistema di ricarica.
1

2. In “NATURE” trash doesn’t exists
3
2

3. Introduction
a refill service system for Bangkok’s
new lifestyle towards sustainability Understanding Research and Analysis of Mindmapping &
the problem analyze on Case studies Project
For the past century, we cannot ignore the benefits of plastics which have been Bangkok city Development
introduced in many different ways since plastics can be rapidly produced to any
desired form.
However, since we are living in a consumption society where people are less
conscious about consuming and producing; the number of plastic waste has in- In consideration of developing and designing the idea of refilling to match with
creased dramatically causing many severe problems to our environment. Bangkok society, this book is divided into 4 chapters. First three chapters explain
about the overall plastic problem throughout the world and in Bangkok while the
Thus, if it is us who are causing these problems by consuming and producing last chapter shows how this new product service system meets Bangkok life-
without awareness then it is us who have to change in order to solve this prob- style.
lem. The solution is not only by changing how we consume but also to find out
how we can reduce plastic from production line. The first chapter focuses on the understanding of the global problem of plastic
waste starting from the production line to the recycle bin.
Nowadays plastic waste problem is also one of the major problems in many fast
growing cities like Bangkok. Nonetheless plastic waste problem is barely recog- The second chapter talks about Bangkok society and its problem which the
nized in Bangkok. awareness of environment and the over-consumption of the society are closely
investigated.
Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to provide a service system that creates a new
lifestyle towards sustainability by encouraging people to think about reusing The third chapter consists of two parts; first part displays on-going trends and
before recycling and raising awareness in Bangkok society. the enthusiasm of people in solving this problem from around the world. Second
part presents case studies of dfferent refill systems that have been developed.
To begin with, I have been researching about the plastic waste problem and Each case study has been intensely examined and analyzed for the purpose of
the reaction of people with the problem. According to the macro research, the developing the refill system for Bangkok society.
awareness of people toward this problem is constantly growing as well as many
solutions have been carried out around the world to tackle this problem. Finally, the last chapter, using all the data gathered from previous chapters I pro-
posed a product service system that matches Bangkok society while offering
I came across this one trend called, “REFILL”, that could have a massive impact users the accessibility towards a sustainable lifestyle.
on this problem. Refilling is a new way to reduce plastic waste right from the be-
ginning by allowing consumers to reuse their used plastic container to refill the This thesis hopes to create an appropriate refill service system for Bangkok
product while brands have an alternative to offer products to their customers in society and also becoming a trigger for people to change their life style toward
a more sustainable manner. sustainability.
5
4

4. ABSTRACT (ENGLISH & ITALIAN)
INTRODUCTION
Content
PLASTIC WASTE CASE STUDIES AND ANALYSIS 81
Chapter Plastic waste 13 Chapter Unpackaged 82-85
1 Pollution from plastics production
Disposal & Recycle
15
17 3 Green depot
Green 11
86-89
90-93
Types of Plastic Bottles 19 The refill shoppe 94-97
Where does the waste go 21 Market of choices 98-101
Great Pacific Garbage Patch 23-25 Negozio leggero di Torino 102-105
Reuse before Recycle 29 Effecorta 106-109
Life less plastic 31 Millebolle 110-113
Simply sma 114-117
Neutral 118-121
ABOUT BANGKOK Eco Goccio 122-125
Chapter Bangkok in general 39 Punto pulito bio 126-129
2 Bangkok waste
Plastic waste in Bangkok
41
43
Ecopulito
Ecologos : Reducimballi project
130-133
134-137
Awareness of Thais towards plastic waste 45 Vomfass 138-141
Wrong mindset of Thai campaign 47 Comparison 142-145
Plastic product in our daily life 53
Plastic container in one household 55
PROJECT
Chapter It’s time to change 149
change? . . . starts to rethink reuse and refill 153
TRENDS 4 WHAT : Refilling system for household detergent 155
Chapter Ways to reduce plastic consumption 63 WHERE : Bangkok condominium 157
WAY 1 : BRING YOUR OWN EVERYTHING , B.Y.O.E. 65 WHO : Condominium habitant 159
3 Way 2 : Sell & Buy in Bulk 67-69 HOW : System map 161
Way 3 : Refilling, the 4th R 71 TOUCHPOINT
System of refilling 73 Brochure and member card 163
Packaged product system VS Refill system 75 Machine 165-169
Advantages and benefits 77 Label and Tag for reuse bottle 171
Mobile application 173
Member Privilege : reCommend ME! service & Points 175
Receipt and point’s rules 177
Website 178-181
Coorperate identity : Logo and its customization 183
HOW : CUSTOMER JOURNEY
New user 185
Pre-order via mobile application 187
Tips&Tricks , reCommend ME! service 189
Benefits
For user 190
For brand 191
For the Condominium 191
IMAGE INDEX 194-195
BIBLIOGRAPHY 196-199
7
6

5. How can we raise thai’s
awareness to
reduce plastic waste
so they can make
better choices?
9
8

6. chapter 1
PLASTIC WASTE
11
10

7. Page 6 I PREFACE
Plastic waste
Plastic is something we all use and so many things are nei-
ther made of it nor packaged in it. Since it is durable, versatile,
lightweight, hygienic, cheap and strong: synthetic plastic is ar-
guably one of the most useful inventions of the last century.
It is essential in medical equipment, technology and thou-
sands of devices which have increased our standard of living.
But those very same attributes of durability and cheapness
make plastic one of the most pervasive forms of waste on
the planet, A vast amount of plastic is getting thrown away
in an irresponsible way.
Environmentally, plastic is a growing disaster. Plastic is the
fastest-growing component of the waste stream. And be-
cause plastic essentially never biodegrades, once littered
plastic becomes a permanent environmental problem.
Plastic container is an enormous source of landfill waste
and is regularly eaten by numerous marine and land ani-
mals, to fatal consequences.
In this chapter I would again pointing out a bit more about
plastic and its types, problem that is going on and why do we
need to solve the problem.
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12

8. Chapter 1 I PLASTIC WASTE
Pollution from plastics production
The production and the use of plastics have a range of
environmental impacts. Firstly, plastics production requires
significant quantities of resources, primarily fossil fuels, both
as a raw material and to deliver energy for the manufactur-
ing process. It is estimated that 4% of the world’s annual oil
production is used as a feedstock for plastics production and
an additional 3-4% during manufacture.
In addition, plastics manufacture requires other resources
190g such as land, water, produces waste and emissions. The
1.7lt 230g
100g
overall environmental impact varies according to the type of
CO2 plastic and the production method employed.
Plastics production also involves the use of potentially
container of liquid detergent has a mass of about 100 grams,
equivalent to 190 grams of oil, 1.7 liters of water and 230 g of CO2 harmful chemicals, which are added as stabilizers or colo-
rants. Many of these have not undergone environmental risk
assessment and their impact on human health and the envi-
ronment is currently uncertain. An example of this is phtha-
lates, which are used in the manufacture of PVC. PVC has in
the past been used in toys for young children and there has
been concern that phthalates may be released when these
toys are sucked (come into contact with saliva). Risk assess-
ments of the effects of phthalates on the environment are
currently being carried out.
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14

9. Chapter 1 I PLASTIC WASTE
Disposal & Recycle
The disposal of plastics products also contributes signifi-
cantly to the environmental impact. Since most plastics are
non-degradable, they take a long time to break down, possi-
bly up to hundreds of years - although no one knows for cer-
tain as plastics haven’t existed for long enough - when there
are landfill.
With more and more plastics products, particularly plastics
packaging, being disposed of soon after their purchase, the
landfill space required by plastics waste is a growing con-
cern, Plastic bottles are a major contributor, followed by
plastic bags, fishing line, and other plastic pieces.
Moreover, Many plastic items end up in the marine environ-
ment, where they drift, become entangled, and often litter
beaches. Some plastics, such as polystyrene, can fragment
into smaller and smaller pellets. They may become less no-
ticeable, but they are still present. Filter-feeding organisms
take in floating pieces. Tiny plankton may contain plastic, and
consumers up the food chain may Bioaccumulate much larg-
er quantities. Larger plastics are found in marine mammals,
large fishes, seabirds, and turtles, after being mistaken for
jellyfish and other edible organisms – balloons are notorious
for confusing animals. These indigestible pieces can lead to
injury and even death, through digestive blockage, strangu-
lation, or amputation.
Although many types of plastics could potentially be recy-
cled, the plastic recycling produces a lot of pollution and as a
result it can be very harmful for the environment in which we
live. Thus plastic recycling should be done in such a manner
that it reduces the pollution to the minimum level.
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16

10. Chapter 1 I PLASTIC WASTE
Types of plastic container
To assist recycling of disposable items, the Plastic Bottle Insti-
tute of the Society of the Plastics Industry devised a now-
familiar scheme to mark plastic bottles by plastic type.
A plastic container using this scheme is marked with a tri-
angle of three cyclic arrows, which encloses a number giving
the plastic type:
Plastics type marks:
The resin identification code
1//PET(PETE), polyethylene terephthalate, is commonly found
in 2-liter soft drink bottles, water bottles, cooking oil bottles,
peanut butter jars.
2//HDPE, high-density polyethylene, is commonly found in
detergent bottles and milk jugs.
3//PVC, polyvinyl chloride, is commonly found in plastic
pipes, outdoor furniture, siding, floor tiles, shower curtains,
clamshell packaging.
4//LDPE, low-density polyethylene, is commonly found in
dry-cleaning bags, produce bags, trash can liners, and food
storage containers.
5//PP, polypropylene, is commonly found in bottle caps,
drinking straws, yogurt containers.
6//PS, polystyrene, is commonly found in “packing peanuts”,
cups, plastic tableware, meat trays, take-away food clam-
shell containers.
7//Other, is commonly found in certain kinds of food contain-
ers, Tupperware, and Nalgene bottles.
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11. Chapter 1 I PLASTIC WASTE
Where does the waste go
Plastic doesn’t decompose or compost. The plastic that is
sitting in the ocean right now will NEVER go away.
Landfill
These lansfills are being filled too quickly and we are run-
ning out of space. Regulations now mean that new landfills
have to be engineered to stop leachate (nasty liquids, juices
and dirty rainwater that collects at the bottom of the pit)
less than 50% are recycled from contaminating underground water streams and dan-
gerous gases (carbon dioxide and methane) from escaping
into the air.
Incineration
CO2 In some places rubbish is burned, usually in big cities where
end up in landfill ocean Incineration emission there is no space for landfills. Some industry officials have
promoted the incineration of plastic as a means of disposal.
A similar process known as pyrolysis bakes plastics into a
hydrocarbon soup which can be reused in oil and chemi-
cal refineries. However, both incineration and pyrolysis are
much more expensive than recycling, and each process also
CO2 poses severe air pollution problems.
new product
drinkconteminated water eat plastic pieces emission
Marine Pollution
A large proportion of plastic winds up in the ocean, where it
is often torn into small particles which are eaten by marine
animals. This causes a possible serious threat to the food
chain, as the marine animals are eaten by other animals
which eventually wind up in human diets. As the research,
Lantern fish, common food for Tuna, Salmon, and Mahi Mahi,
end up in landfill
fish that you and I eat, contained plastic particles in their Whatever goes into the
stomachs. The record holder had 84 pieces of plastic in its
gut - and these fishes are only 2-3 inches long! ocean goes into these
animals and onto your
Recycle dinner plate.
Only 5% of the trash in the world is being recycled and, the
Dr. Marcus Eriksen,
plastic recycling produces a lot of pollution and as a result it research Director of
YES . . . IT COMES BACK TO YOU ! can be very harmful for the environment in which we live. the Algalita Institute in Atlanta
21
20

12. Great Pacific Garbage Patch
There is a huge plastic waste dump site, the “Plastic Island”,
in the Pacific Ocean that is twice the size of Texas. It is esti-
mated that 10% of the world’s plastic waste finds its way into
the sea and slowly but surely most of it ends up in the Pacific
Ocean. The “Plastic Island”, it is not really a floating island. It
is more like a soup of plastic pieces floating in the ocean just
below the surface. It is located about 900 kilometers from
California, between Hawaii and Japan.
Sea currents transport the waste to the “Dead zones”, scien-
tifically the area is known as the Northern Pacific Gyre, one
of five gyres in the world oceans. They are areas of sea where
water circulates clockwise in a very slow spiral. Winds are
light and the currents tend to force any floating material into
the low energy center of the gyre everything afloat becomes
trapped. Without a doubt, these areas trap debris into one
large constant mass of plastic. The pieces of plastic come
from all over the world. Any country that has a shore or river,
where such pieces blow or wash out to sea is a source.
According to the research of the plastic dump in the Pacific
Ocean, the northern Pacific plastic dump is deceptive to the
eye. While it contains huge amounts of plastic waste it is not
all floating on the surface. Wave action and the heat of the
sun degrade the plastic into smaller and smaller particles
which can form a sinking toxic soup that extends down to 6
meters below the ocean’s surface.
Eventually, over 70 percent of discarded plastic sinks toward
the ocean’s bottom. The Dutch researchers have counted an
astounding 600 thousand tones of plastic sitting on the North
Sea floor. As that ocean floor becomes increasingly smoth-
ered by descending bits of plastic sea bed organisms strug-
gle for survival.
This mass of plastic is slowly being broken down into a plastic
dust that marine wildlife mistake for food. Small fishes con-
sume tiny bits of plastic as if they were normal plankton. Those
fishes are then consumed by larger species and the plastic
contamination moves up the food chain. Some researchers
estimate that there are over six kilos of plastic for every kilo of
naturally occurring plankton in the Pacific plastic dump.
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22

13. A dead bird with a stomach full of
plastic-most likely it’s cause of death
The UN Environmental Program estimates that over a million
seabirds, as well as more than 100 thousand marine mam-
mals, die every year from ingesting plastic debris. Dead sea-
birds having mistaken plastics for food have been found with
discarded plastic lighters, water bottle caps and scraps of
plastic bags in their stomachs.
The problem is being intensified as modern plastics become
more durable and increasingly more disposable. As the Pa-
cific plastic dump grows, and it could double in size by 2015,
the effect on the human food chain becomes more toxic and
problematic
This turtle experienced abnormal
growth because of a plastic ring float-
ing in the ocean
25
24

14. 27
26

15. 1 11
Chapter 1 I PLASTIC WASTE
Reuse before Recycle
THINK
BEFORE
YOU
BUY
THINK
BEFORE
YOU REDUCE BEFORE REUSE
THROW! REUSE BEFORE RECYCLE!
The recycling movement has gathered plenty of steam in re-
cent years which is wonderful as there is far less waste hit-
ting our landfills and far more resources being reclaimed.
Many of us that wants to go greener often firstly think of re-
cycle, as if you recycle you are doing the best thing to the Unless you’re very, very
world but actually recycling also causes a lot of CO2 emis- disciplined - and most of
sion, pollute the environment and some waste like plastic
will never be able to fully recycle. us frankly aren’t - then
you’re quite likely to end
Of course, Recycle is a good thing to do but what about reduce up by throwing away.
the consumption, and reuse what you can reuse before you
throw it away? In this case, no trash will end up in the landfill Dick Searle,
and no CO2 emission will be caused in the recycle process. UK Packaging Federation
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16. Chapter 1 I PLASTIC WASTE
Life less plastic
Could You Eliminate Plastic From Your Life?
Plastic
in the Plastic is everywhere. Plastic is in our kitchens, our bath-
house
rooms, our offices, and our cars. It’s likely that no matter
where you are right now, you are surrounded with plastic, all
of which will likely find its way to a landfill for over a billion
years.
Who in the world would live without plastic? and How can
you possibly get away from it?!
There is!, there are people who tried out this action and re-
ally able to cut plastic out of their life.
Jeanne Haegele,the 28-year-old Chicago resident and the
blogger behind Life Less Plastic decided to try to decrease
plastic’s presence in her life. Since September 2007, Hae-
gele started to become as plastic-free as possible.
She began eating more fruits and vegetables and began Habits are hard to break,
shopping at stores with bulk bins, which allow customers but sometimes you just
to refill their own containers. According to her blog, she has
Plastic not only experienced significant cost savings, but her diet
have to try.
from the has become much healthier, adding two more reasons to
month
before remove some of the plastic from her life.
As well as Beth Terry, the blogger behind Fake Plastic Fish.
Plastic
from
“A month Nonetheless, there are some actions going on around the
without world to solve this problem, many people are trying out this
plastic” new trend, “A month without plastic”, by this means not buy-
ing or accepting anything which contains plastic or is pack-
aged in plastic with the aim of seeing how possible it is to
live without new plastic.
Christine Jeavans in UK, Cliff Nathan Hansen in Korea,
Jesús García Barcala in Spain are trying out this action and
posting on the socialnetwork which become a trend for the
follower to do so. This actions show that people are aware of
the problem and try to cut plastic out of their life.
Would it be any easier way to help them cut the plastic out of
their life? Life less plastic shouldn’t be that hard anymore!
Christine Jeavans’s “A month with out plastic” tally on the left, and a previous month on the right
31
30

17. How is the plastic
waste problem in
Bangkok, Thailand
33
32

18. chapter 2
BANGKOK
35
34

19. BANGKOK
City of angels
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36

20. Page 6 I PREFACE
Bangkok
Bangkok in general
31 th World
biggest city
Bangkok is the capital, largest urban area and primary city of Thailand. Known in Thai as
Krung Thep Maha Nakhon or Lrung Thep in short, meaning "city of angels".
Bangkok has rapidly grown in recent years. With that fast growing business, populations,
Bangkok is now facing a big pollutions problems. Three main problem is air pollution, water
pollution and trash pollution. A lot of waste are produced uncarefully and
people still unconciously polluting the city.
Thailand 67,422,887 33,114,700 34,308,187
Bangkok 6,867,307 3,187,320 3,679,987
Transportations
car taxi bus train motorcycle boat bicycle
7
6
4
5
3
2
1
39
38

21. Bangkok waste
3 Major CO2
Pollutions
Air Water Trash
Rank
277,511.00 23th
tons co2 emission
3396
Plastic 14% in
Plastic waste is also one (in thousands of metric tons) Factory Bangkok
of the main problem in
Bangkok but people are
still lack of awarness
and consciousness.
Thailand produce waste
only 22%
are recycled
ton/
14.3million day
Thailand
Bangkok
14.3million
ton/day 20%is 1,750
8,835 Plastic ton/day
ton/day
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40

22. Chapter 2 I BANGKOK
Bangkok’s waste
Plastic waste in Bangkok
3,224,315 ton/year
8,835 ton/day
Type of waste
Bone Other
0.3% 7% Metal
Leaf
6% 1.5%
FOOD WASTE PLASTIC
45% 20%
Fabric Glass
5% 2.5%
Rubber Paper
Stone&Ceramic 8%
0.2
0.5%
Other
4%
Plastic waste that remains after recycling
20% of waste is PLASTIC and 35% of those plastic comes from packaging
40% HDPE
30% LDPE
17% PP
41 5 13% other
6 35% Packaging
20% Fiber/Textile 40% of plastic waste is a high-density polyethylene (HDPE)
12 17% Electronic
20% is PLASTIC 12% Automobile Part
which is the top rank of plastic waste and commonly used
PLASTIC as a non-solid container. This type of plastic is deficiently
17 35 06% Housewares recycled and usually leaves some remains afterward the
04% Furniture
01% Footware
recycle process. LDPE is also used around 30% in shopping 40% HDPE
bag, trash can liners and food container. Another 17% is PP, 30% LDPE
20 05% other
commonly found in bottle caps, drinking straws and yogurt
containers. 17% PP
13% other
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23. Chapter 2 I BANGKOK
Do you know about Global warming?
Awareness of Thais towards plastic waste
10 30 50 70 90
yes no
Do you know abot plastic waste problem?
10 30 50 70 90 Awareness of Thai toward plastic waste
According to the research of Ministry of Natural resources
and environment, 2009 , the result on the left shows that
Thai does know about the global warming and the plastic
waste problem. They have in mind that they should to do
yesno something.
The problem is we KNOW but we are not CONCERN.
Environmental concerns are still very minimal or non-exist-
How important to solve plastic waste problem? ing among Thai consumers
The most important issue is that the service and the envi-
Extreamly Very Somewhat Not too Not at all No opinion ronment around does not encourage people to have a better
choice and show them how to live better.
For example, big shopping malls certainly do not take bold
initiatives. At all possible occasions one is inundated by un-
necessary plastic bags. Latest interesting development is
the Mall department stores has started issuing biodegrad-
able plastic bags,
Besides the obligation of plastic bags, convenience stores
and supermarkets automatically provide you plastic spoons
What do they do with plastic bag afterwards? when you buy a small cup of yoghurt, and straws when you
purchase soft drinks or even when you buy beer cans.
One example of overly unnecessary ‘service’: when you fill a
70% Reuse 22% Trash 5% Sell 3% others container (plastic) at the salad bar of gourmet market, you
are provided with paper napkins, and plastic utensils, as if
you are going to eat the salad there and then at the super-
market (or do not have the necessary forks and spoons at
home).
We are not taking it serious enough and do not give rules that
could make this issue better because in our country the con-
venience of the consumer comes first.
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24. Chapter 2 I BANGKOK
Thai campaign
“The more you drink Each bottle , 10cents will be given to a charity
The more you give” “The more you drink the more you give”
Thai private organization campaign.
This campaign has been quite success full among Thais,
as the design of the bottle is nice and people feels like
they are helping others while just doing their normal habit,
drinking water.
But if we look from another point of view, this shows how
Thais still doesn’t have a mindset of plast waste. Instead of
telling people to stop purchaseing plastic bottle, like some
countryies encourage their citizen to bring their own mug
and drink tap water, this campaign encourage and tell peo-
ple to buy more and more without conciousness of wasting
more plastic bottles.
47
46

25. How can we raise
thai’s awareness to
reduce plastic waste
so they can make
better choices?
49
48

26. How about start looking
in our daily life and
see how much plastic
product we have
51
50

27. Plastic product in our daily life
If we look through our day, our life is full of plastic, starting
from grocery bag to computer and even furniture. As you can
see, plastic can be used to produce wide range of products.
Seriously everything is plastic. All the containers are mostly
made out of plastic. From bedroom kitchen toilet, eveywhere
there is plastic container.
As you can see, plastic can be used to produce wide range
of products and if we look through our day, most products
we usually use are household product. They usually come
in a container made out of plastic. However, these plastic
containers are usually being thrown away after a single use
even though they are still in a perfect condition.
Therefore, if each of us starts to reuse these container in our
daily life, how much plastic could have been saved in each
household. This could make a massive change in our life
and to the world.
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28. Chapter 2 I BANGKOK
Plastic container in one household
On the left page are pictures of plastic containers in one
household of 3 people in Bangkok. Our life is full of these
products from kitchen to bathroom to laundry.
Here are some examples found in this house :
Kitchen: Drinks Sauce Food package Oil to dish washing de-
tergent
Bathroom: Beauty products are mostly comes in plas-
tic, shampoo conditioner mouth washing tooth paste face
washing cream lotion and more
Laundry and cleaning products: To clean from ceiling to
floor, windows, cloths we use a wide range of product which
all come in plastic.
These products mostly being bought every few months, If we
can reduce the need of buying a new one or reuse all these
container, this household will at least save more than 250
plastic containers a year
55
54

29. How can we reduce
plastic container
waste? . . .
57
56

30. chapter 3
TRENDS
&
CASE STUDIES
59
58

31. What has been done in
the world to approach
this problem ? ...
61
60

32. Chapter 3 I TRENDS AND CASE STUDIES
3 ways to reduce plastic waste problem
There are many actions going on around the world in order
to tackle the plastic waste problem by reducing plastic con-
tainer consumption. In the following pages, 3 trends about
reducing plastic container consumption are being shown.
First trend is “Bring your own”. Using your own container
when you buy product is the main idea of this trend. This
trend is mostly occurred with shopping in the supermarket,
buying coffee in cafeteria, having take-away food from a
restaurant and many more.
Bring your own Second trend is selling Bulk food, this trend helps both to
reduce the food and container waste, consumers can buy
only the amount of the product they want and reduce the
packaging waste and cost.
Sell&Buy in BULK
The last trend is refilling system, is another way to sell milk,
detergent in bulk by reusing a glass container or even a used
Refilling plastic bottle.
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33. WAY 1 : Bring Your Own Everything , B.Y.O.E.
Bring Your Own trends urge you to consider this fact and
BRING YOUR OWN SHOPPING BAG BRING YOUR OWN BOTTLE take a few quick ‘n easy steps to reduce the flood of plastic
into the waste stream by avoiding disposables for everyday
things, and kicking some serious plastic
At the top of the list: BRING YOUR OWN SHOPPING BAG is
being a hit for a while. Many people is doin this as their reg-
ular behaviour. Now coffe shop such as starbuck also en-
courage people to BRING YOUR OWN MUG, as they will get
discount every time they bring their own mug. Next is BRING
YOUR OWN BOTTLE, as to reduce plastic waste that comes
with the plastic water bottle, USA and UK started to encour-
age their people to drink more tap water by bring their own
bottle and refill at the point they provide around the city. The
trend also spread to fast food company, KFC,BRING YOUR
OWN CONTAINER, has begun rolling out its new reusable
polypropylene container and lid to replace their former sin-
gle-use foam container for side dishes.
The trend doesn’t stop there, there are many more bring
your own whatever, such as FOOD, Restaurant in NY started
to provide a space where people can come and order just a
drink and enjoy their own food. TOWEL, new trends that pro-
mote people to bring their own towel to reduce toilet paper
waste.
BRING YOUR OWN CONTAINER BRING YOUR OWN MUG
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34. Way 2 : Sell & Buy in Bulk
Sell in Bulk are a way of selling consumables by weight. A
customer can measure out an amount of product to be later
weighed at the point of sale. The product is usually less ex-
pensive per unit compared to pre-packaged items. The cus-
tomer is able to choose exactly how much product they want
and will go home with less packaging.
Not only will you be reducing the world’s trash load, you will
also be saving money. Since a retailer saves money buying in
bulk (paying for less packaging), those savings are passed
down to you. Bulk food is always cheaper per pound than
packaged food.
M&M in Las Vegus
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35. Chapter 3 I TRENDS AND CASE STUDIES
Many supermarket in Italy are offering this kind
of selling in bulk. You can find an Eco-Point where
they sell dry food in bulk. The steps are easy. Just
fill up products into the provided bag, as much as
you wish. then weigh it, put the lebel on and pay
normally at the cashier.
1 11
LEVER DOWN WEIGH LABEL PAY SAVE
fill up desired price is calculated stick on price is reduce
product per gram price(barcode) to 20-70%
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36. Way 3 : Refilling, the 4th R
REDUCE REUSE RECYCLE
REFILL
3rd way is another trend that can reduce plastic waste by
refilling a detergent with a reuse container. I find this trend
could have a massive impact in solving this problem while
benefiting both consumers and producers.
Refilling system is a new way of purchasing detergent.
Instead of buying a new plastic bottle every time, you can
bring your own bottle to refill or you can buy a new bottle for
the first time and then bring it back to fill it over and over
again which reduces the amount of plastic waste that will
end up in the landfill.
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37. Their main characteristic is to sell products in bulk, so no package.
The customer will buy the amount of product they really need is
erasing waste or the cost of other packages that typically prove
particularly polluting. Container will be reuse and brought from home.
System of refilling
Work by // Start off with an offered bottle or bring-your-own-bottle (BYOB)
REFILL // Reuse the same plastic bottle over and over...and over again
// Save monet and save environment!
SYSTEM
Sustainable Cycle
*buy a new bottle(1st time)
/ reused bottle(from 2nd time)
A small gesture that helps to reduce waste
enjoy product
refill
desired
product
*In some case, users can
bring their own bottle but
most of the service now ask
product ran out customer to buy new bottle.
Easy steps to refill
1 11
nonono
ononon
ononon
cleaner
BYOB REFILL WEIGH LABEL PAY SAVE
bring your own bottle / choose product and price is calculated stick on labels/ save up to 40%
purchase the new one refill amount as desire per liter price(barcode) of market price
for the first time
Refill water, milk, detergent is going on a rise and needs of the customer.
Many supermarket in Italy provides a corner of refill detergent.
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38. Different Typical Pakaged-Detergent’s long journey
between VS
Tap-Detergent’s short journey
2 system
Chapter 3 I TRENDS AND CASE STUDIES
Packaged product system VS Refill system
Packaged-Detergent’s complex journey
VS
The packaging of detergent represent a key component of
the total quantity of waste we produce. For this reason the
proposal of refilling is to reduce the containers needed,
simply by allowing custumer to reuse their bottle.
Refilling system is a new way of purchasing detergent. In-
stead of buying new plastic bottle everytime, you bring your
own bottle to refill or you can buy the new bottle for the
first time and then bring it back to fill it over and over again
which save the amount of plastic waste that will end up in
the landfill.
Refill-Detergent’s simple journey Their main characteristic is to sell products in bulk, so no
package. Customers will buy the exact amount of product
they really need which help to erase waste and the cost of
package that typically prove particularly polluting.
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39. Chapter 3 I TRENDS AND CASE STUDIES
Packaged detergent involve the use of
pallet transport
As you can see on the left, a packaged product cycle and a
bottles plastic film
Advantages and benefits
refill product cycle are being compared starting from pro-
Packaged
detergent x 25 duction line until recycle bin to shows advantages and dis-
1 2
advantages. Both cycles are divided into 5 steps;
boxes
1) Production
PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION
VS
Plastic containers are being produced individually for a
Less energy is required to produce Less energy, packaging and space
packaged product while for a refill product; only a tank is
are required to ship product to retailers.
being used to fill product in large amount and being used
again for the next time. Therefore, a refill product reduces
Refill
the amount of plastic container.
detergent x1
Only one tank for the transport
2) Transportation
of several liters of product. With a refill product, only a tank is stored in a truck for the
transportation while a packaged product requires several
elements such as paper box, transparent film and other ele-
ment to be transported. Thus, a refill product cycle saves not
only materials and time but also man-power.
3
3) Consuming
A packaged product price is divided into a product and a
CONSUME packaging, thus buying a refill product by using your own
save up to 40% comparing to the price of container saves up 40% from a packaging price.
packaged product sold in supermarket.
4) Waste
Most of a plastic container usually ends up in a landfill in the
packaged product cycle while the refill product cycle elimi-
nates this step by reusing the container to fill the product.
5) Recycle
One possible solution of reducing plastic container in a
packaged product cycle is recycling. Although, recycle pro-
cess may eliminate plastic container but it creates a great
deal of pollution and consume massive energy.
From the analysis, there are several advantages from a refill
product cycle which are;
4 5
- Save non-renewable resources
- Reduce energy consumption
- Reduce carbon dioxide emission
WASTE RECYCLE - Less weight
Reduce plastic waste Require energy and
- More space
Save the landfill. cause emissions.
- Less material being used
- Manufactured with high quality at low cost
Refill product cycle involves fewer steps, lower energy con-
sumption, lower resources consumption and most impor-
Refilling creates no waste No energy required and no emissions caused tantly reduce plastic waste problem
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40. 13 Case studies
04 Countries
05 Different products
04 Different types of store
02 Different systems
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41. 13 Case Studies
Case studies
1UK
1
GERMANY
3
USA
8
ITALY
4 Types of shop
mono-shop franchising corner van
Products Brand Payment system
mono brand multi brand weigh digital
barcode
In this chapter, I have analyzed 13 case studies that have the
concept of bringing your own and refilling system.
5 Types of product Each case study has different system structure and ap-
proach to customer.
Each one offers different product, way to refill, the machine
and the payment system.
Analysis of each system has been carried out to understand
Fresh Dry Drink Cosmetic Detergent each case’s strong and weak points in order to be adapted
later on the project.
Food Food
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42. Chapter 2 I What has been done in the world to approach the problem
UNPACKAGED
Beginning life as a market stall in 2006, Unpackaged is a
unique and brilliant concept that is so simple, especially
considering the sheer amount of packaging waste that is ri-
diculously filling our planet’s landfill sites. Within the beau-
tifully designed shop, organic whole foods, dried fruit, nuts
and seeds, herbs and spices, even refillable oils, vinegars and
wines are all available to place straight into your own refillable
containers, that you will have brought along with you.Those
who forget to bring their own containers are furnished with
durable, resealable plastic bags that they can reuse during
their next trip, but thanks to the package-free environment,
the owner claims that each year Unpackaged generates 1.5
tons less carbon than traditional food stores.
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43. visibility of product
steps are clearly shown
before entering the shop
weighing system : can’t refill
when the container is not empty
well designed low position makes
coorperate brand it harder to refill
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44. GREEN DEPOT
Green building solutions retailer Green Depot has recently
opened a flagship store in Manhattan that is designed to
demonstrate the high-performance eco building materials
in action. A light booth made of recycled resin materials,
for example, helps shoppers compare light bulbs and paint
colors in a controlled setting, while the Zero-VOC Paint Bar
serves up a line of paints free of volatile organic chemicals.
The new flagship store on Manhattan’s (in)famous Bowery is
the company’s first lifestyle-oriented LIVE store where con-
sumers are able to get a piece of the action
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45. Able to see the
well-organized product clearly
Product are stored
and easy to approach
in visible glass tank
Attractive :
Design as a Beer Brewer
Cleaning agent refill bar
Anyone can bring a bottle in and Able to use any
have it refilled with glass/tub & kind of bottle to refill
tile/all purpose cleaner or dish
soap. Labels are avaialable to be
stick on the reuse bottle. The cost
is 12 cents an ounce, which works
out to be less than a new bottle.
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46. GREEN 11
Green 11 sells organic beauty products and household
cleaners that you can buy and take home in your own re-
usable containers, but also avialable for purchase. Another
store that has the same concept, located in San Fracisco
where many chic, unique shops are lining up.
Green11 is a new concept in retail and supply chain distri-
bution. We are about redefining old antiquated concepts
that are no longer meaningful in today’s world and is in dire
need of revolutionizing.
Product ranges are from shower gel to detergent to pet’s
soap.
3980 24th Street (x Noe)
San Francisco, CA
ph: 415.425.5195
info@shopgreen11.com
www.shopgreen11.com
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47. hard to differentiate
between product
weighing system : can’t refill
unorganized : too many
when the container is not empty
products and messy space
using more small plastic bottles
pump bottles : difficult to refill
instead of using a big tank in bulk
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48. THE REFILL SHOPPE
The Refill Shoppe is the actualization of an idea to create a
more practical means for consumption. A return to the days
before “disposibility”. Combining this mentality with won-
derfully natural and organic products.
The Refill Shoppe is an eco-conscious store challenging the
standards of consumerism by offering quality bath, body,
home and cleaning liquids in bulk. By allowing you to refill
your own bottle or one of the many that the shop provided.
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49. Variety of products
limited choice of products
offer non plastic container
unpractical display container :
difficult for maintenance and refill pump bottles : difficult to refill
97
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50. MARKET OF CHOICES
Market of choice is located in oregon, USA, where there are
many store that sells in bulk.
Market of Choice offers an extensive selection of the finest
and freshest conventional, natural, organic, and health con-
scious products at affordable prices. They strive for a relax-
ing and enjoyable shopping experience with truly friendly
people who care about the communities where they live and
work.
In the store, there are aisles and aisles of bulk bins full of
anything from pasta and cereal to honey and sesame oil.
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51. weighing system : the price
include the weigh of container
well-organize andclean specific container for some product
all product are visible
provides non-plastic container
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52. Chapter 2 I What has been done in the world to approach the problem
NEGOZIO LEGGERO DI TORINO
The first stores devoted to this curious kind of spending: the
company began "Shop light" of Turin, where all products are
sold in bulk strictly without packaging. Among the best-sell-
ing foods, milk, cereals, pulses, coffee, eggs and flour, while
among non-food products are great for home and shaving
cream.
That of Turin is perhaps a limiting case, but also major dis-
tributors over the years are organized to let at least some
of their products (especially fruits and vegetables) would
remain outside of the packaging, so that each customer can
use freely as he wishes .
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102

53. weigh system : users can refill
only if they have
finished the product
variety of products are available
all products are visible hard to differentiate risk of mixing
between products between product
105
104

54. EFFECORTA
Business idea based entirely on service innovation aimed at
environmental sustainability and cost savings.
Opened in August 2009 near Lucca, is a store “on tap”, which
is based on the principle of short chain. Are sold more than
100 local products - wine, olive oil, pasta, flour, vegetables,
detergent and more - in large prevalence from a maximum
of 100 km from the point of sale and proposed only in bulk.
To do shopping using reusable containers and “Sport Lucca”
in place of plastic bags.
It ‘interesting that a shop of this type is able to meet the
needs of a charge of full quality and not just a product cat-
egory, as often happens
107
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55. difficult to add new liquid
well organised and nice display all products are visible product due to the limited taps
easy to use can only use the provided plastic bottle
attractive display containe
109
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56. MILLE BOLLE
The aim of this new thrust is to reduce drastically ecologist
11 million tons discarded in rubbish bins each year in Italy.
Recently some supermarkets are adopting this system, in
Piedmont, but also in Tuscany and Lazio.
Well, even Campania, battered by the emergency waste,
The aim of this new thrust is to reduce drastical- wants its products to plug it and created a petition calling
ly ecologist 11 million tons discarded in rubbish for this to large retail chains to supply detergent to plug into
their outlets.
bins each year in Italy.
Recently some supermarkets are adopting this
system, in Piedmont, but also in Tuscany and
Lazio.
Well, even Campania, battered by the emergency
waste, wants its products to plug it and created
a petition calling for this to large retail chains to
supply detergent to plug into their outlets.
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57. full of plastic bottles badly unorganize
users have to hold the bottles while
refilling the product
can use only provided bottle
messy refilling area
113
112

58. SiMPLY Sma
Supermarket Simply SMA provides Tap-detergent made
from Simply SMA with the support of Regione Lombardia,
A2A SpA Aprica and the Municipality of Brescia, in the PARR
(Action Plan for the Reduction of Solid Waste in the Region
of Lombardy).
The sale of products on tap offers customers the opportu-
nity to purchase the desired quantity at lower prices by an
average of 50% compared to products packaged in an envi-
ronmentally safe due to the absence of the pack.
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59. Dirty refilling space bad quality of display container
all products are visible
funnel is needed for refilling full of plastic bottles
117
116

60. NEUTRAL
Products with surfactants of vegetable origin derived from
rapidly renewable sources with a high cleaning performance
equal to the corresponding products in the market with raw
materials derived from petroleum.
products available: washing machine, Softener, wool and
delicate, dishes
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61. monitor showing how much the plastic waste
have been saved which encourage people to do good
cleary see the product
can use only provided bottle
attractive and colorful display
easy to differentiate
between product
accesibility : located in supermarket
automatic : easy to refill by just
pushing the button
can refill only when
the bottle is empty
the quantity to refill are fixed
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62. ECO GOCCIO
The Solbat promotes and actively participates in projects
that target the development of processes and products saf-
er and more environmentally friendly, aimed at redu cing
emissions and waste production. For sustainable develop-
ment in respect of Health, Safety and Environment.
The service are available in Piedmont - Tuscany - Toscana -
Tuscany - Umbria - Sardinia - Southern Italy
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63. give a knowlege on how many
plastic has been avoided
barcode system : don’t have to weigh proper refill machine : safe product
barcode system : don’t have to weigh
machine is not inviting to refill
can use only provided bottle
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124

64. PUNTO PULITO BIO
The shops POINT CLEAN BIO offer the consumer the oppor-
tunity to buy detergent in bulk and save money while pro-
tecting the environment. Buying once the empty bottle and
reusing it the next time will be reduced significantly reduc-
ing packaging waste caused by disposal of plastic signifi-
cantly.
POINT CLEAN BIO SICLY distributes products that vouches
for the quality of being right because of ingrained dirt should
not prevent us from preserving our environment.
The SICLY for over 20 years produces detergents for profes-
sional use and in recent years has invested its resources for
eco-friendly detergents. The new project POINT CLEAN BIO
distribution of detergents in bulk and Self Service contrib-
utes to sustainable development.
127
126

65. can use only the provided bottle machine is not inviting to refill
seperated cashier machine accessibility: located in a laundry
129
128

66. ECOPULITO
It ‘s a van which provides the bulk detergent and of-
fers the opportunity to purchase products directly.
Before half of the sale, is a very powerful communi-
cation tool as in direct contact with citizens and be-
comes a vehicle for information on waste reduction
and initiatives across the City involved in the project.
The van in fact, participating in events such as the
square of markets or fairs, allows citizens to buy de-
tergent and to be informed on the initiative, the days
will be advertised to the whole community and the
Administration through the portal Riducimballi.
The experience of the van is paying an incentive for
businesses to join the project and begin the sale of
the products in your store. In this way you will not
want to create competition, because the van will only
be present during the launch of the initiative, but we
aim to disseminate information on the importance of
measures to reduce waste at source and create an
active and conscious clientele .
131
130

67. all products are visible
A Van : easy to approach users
difficult to open and refill
not attractive
can refill only when
the bottle is empty
133
132

68. Ecologos : REDUCIMBALLI PROJECT
It ‘s a van which provides the bulk detergent and offers the
opportunity to purchase products directly.
Before half of the sale, is a very powerful communication
tool as in direct contact with citizens and becomes a vehicle
for information on waste reduction and initiatives across
the City involved in the project.
Il furgone infatti, partecipando ad eventi di piazza come mer-
cati o sagre, permette ai cittadini di acquistare i detergenti e
di essere informati sull’iniziativa; i giorni saranno pubbliciz-
zati a tutta la comunità dall’Amministrazione e attraverso il
portale Riducimballi. The van in fact, participating in events
such as the square of markets or fairs, allows citizens to buy
detergent and to be informed on the initiative, the days will
be advertised to the whole community and the Administra-
tion through the portal Riducimballi.
The experience of the van is paying an incentive for busi-
nesses to join the project and begin the sale of the products
in your store. In questo modo non si vuole creare concorren-
za, perchè il furgone sarà presente solo nella fase di lancio
dell’iniziativa, ma ci poniamo l’obiettivo di diffondere infor-
mazione sull’importanza delle azioni di riduzione dei rifiuti
alla fonte e creare una clientela attiva e consapevole. In this
way you will not want to create competition, because the
van will only be present during the launch of the initiative,
but we aim to disseminate information on the importance
of measures to reduce waste at source and create an active
and conscious clientele .
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134

69. unorganized didplay space
accessibility: approach the community
137
136

70. VOMFASS
Vom Fass is a multinational franchise that now has
more than 240 stores in 20 states of the world. His
slogan “Look, Taste, Enjoy!” In Italian becomes a fun
“Look, Taste, Enjoy!”, Sounds familiar to millions of
customers who have discovered how to buy a multi-
tude of products directly from the tap is a fun more
than a necessity.
A look at the health never hurts, and walk into a store
Vom Fass become a pleasant sensory experience.
A festival of colors and flavors on hand, or rather,
mouth, eyes and delight the palate of all those who
want to discover dozens of varieties of oils, vinegars,
balsamic vinegars and astonished by the colors of the
bulbs of liquors, schnapps, whiskey .
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71. clearly see the product
high level : hard to be refill
welcoming atmosphere
variety of the bottles
hard to open and refill
hard to differentiaste betweeen product
products are well store in
different display container
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72. Chapter 3 I TRENDS AND CASE STUDIES
Comparison of case studies
Esthetically, some of the shops such as unpackaged and
Green depot has well-designed space which attract users
and welcome them to enter the shop, while some space are
unorganized and unwelcome.
esthetic
Some shops provide a wide range or product with many pro-
ducers while some shop , mostly the corner in supermarket,
offer product from only one producer.
products
varietion
“System” covers from how customers approach products,
how to refill until the payment system. Private retailers are
still poor on this point while corner in the supermarket
provide more convenient system, such as automatically re-
filling system and bardcode payment system.
sytem
Corner in the supermarket are getting wider range of the
market while the private retails gets only some target group
that are aware of the environment and willing to give affort
to live more sustainable. Another good way to attract more
customers is to approach them directly like in the case of
market Ecolologos, that goes direct to the community with the van.
Refill system mainly devided into area, manually and auto-
matically. Private retail are mostly use a pump bottles while
the corner supermarket that are supported by some pro-
ducers has an automatic system which make it easier faster
to refill and more hygien.
refill
system
unpackage
Green Depot
Green 11
The refill shppe
Market of choices
Negozio leggero
Effecorta
mille bolle
simply sma
Neutral
Ecogocca
putto pulito bio
ecopulito
ecologos
vomfass
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73. Chapter 3 I TRENDS AND CASE STUDIES
What could be improve Interesting points
What could be improve
Refill system
//Hard to refill and gets dirty easily Refill system
//Some machine even leek //Automatically refilling machine, easy, fast and clean
Refill system Plastic bottles
//Pump bottles, difficult and takes time to refill //Users can use any bottlles they have
Refill system Refill system
//Users can’t choose only the exact amount they need //The machine also indicates haw much users
has saved the environment by using the service
Weighing system
//Users can’t refill unless they
completely finished the product. Retail
// weighing system also include the //Directly approach to users’ community
weight of bottle, even it’s very light but
still make it cost more than it should.
Retail area
//Unorganize area full of provided bottles
Plastic bottles
//Users has to use only the prepared bottlle
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74. chapter 4
PROJECT
147
146

75. Chapter 4 I PROJECT
It’s time to change
Bangkok really lacks of the general public’s
awareness of how to manage the waste thats
thrown into the garbage bin.
They always say that While I see that Thailand has in many ways im-
bibed many western traits like good roads, de-
time changes things, cent travel & commuter services for the average
person, it surely lacks the civic sense of how to
but you actually have to recycle waste.
At the rate at which the urban population is grow-
change them yourself ing, the people of Bangkok too needs such civic
knowledge to ensure that their carbon footprint
does not pose a threat to the environment.
This knowledge & responsibility should obviously
start inside every household and every school
that educates the children who are going to be
the pillars of the society tomorrow.
Since the availability of garbage dump sites is a
major problem for the country, garbage disposal
is a pressing issue and the issue cannot simply
be left for the authorities to handle. All city dwell-
Andy Warhol ers must consider changing their consumption
patterns in order to reduce the quantity of gar-
bage being generated.
Yes, IT IS TIME TO CHANGE
I hope this activity will motivate people to realize
the importance of reduce waste by reusing and
rethink before they throw away things.
149
148

76. How can we create a
new lifestyle towards
sustainability and
raise awareness of
Bangkok society.
151
150

77. Chapter 4 I PROJECT
change? . . . starts to rethink reuse and refill !
provides a complete refill-service system that is embeded
in your community which mainly aim to reduce plastic con-
tainer waste in a daily life and also to encourage people in
a community to concern more about the environment by
starting from small changing of their behaviour.
Vision
The world will have less plastic waste. People’s small action
change the producer’s way of selling to be more environ-
mental friendly.
PSS
// Provides refilling system for a community, a new way of
buying household cleaner
// Provides activity for community
Aim
// To reduce amout of plastic container waste in Bangkok
// To gian more attention to plastic waste issues from Thais
// To encourage of reusing befor recycling
// To encourage brands to start thinking of selling in bulk.
// To build new behaviour of grocery shopping (Detergent).
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78. Chapter 4 I PROJECT
What : refilling system for household detergent
From the research, we have found that there are
many plastic containers in one household and
that shouldn’t be thrown away after one-time-
use. Even the refill pouch, it creates big amouth
of trash.
This is why this project aim to solve the plastic
container waste problem.
offer users a new way of buying
household detergent and provide producers a
new platform to sell products in bulk.
Moreover, the service als encourage people in a
community to concern more about the environ-
ment by starting from small changing of their
behaviour.
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154

79. Where : Bangkok condominium
Like other modern cities in the world, Bangkok boasts lots
of massive building as it is becoming more and more popu-
lated.
The urban structure in the inner city district is characterized
be densely populates areas with little vacant land. Because
of very limited supply of land, land prices are very high. Most
of the land has already been occupied for commercial pur-
poses, goverment offices, educational establishment, trans-
portation infrastructure. The land usage in this area can be
illustrated as vertical devoelopment in the form of high-rise
offices, residentail buildings.
The amount of condominium dramatically increases
over a few year in order to support the demand of the habita-
tion and several more factors supported the growth of con-
dominiums, including smaller family sizes of 2.5 persons per
household on average, down from seven a decade ago. Condos
are also popular as second homes.
As predicted, the condominium market will continue rising
and reach its peak from 2015 onward.
I am targeting a condominium community which offer them a
service that help them to have a more sustainable lifestyle.
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80. Chapter 4 I PROJECT
Who : Condominium habitant
In condominium, you can find various types of people from
granny to baby, from and family to single and from designer
to doctor, all living together under one roof.
Therefore the service found that this incident could be a
great opportunity to widely spread a new lifestyle to the
urban society and lead to more awareness of Thai people
towards environmental problem. Imagine, starting from one
community and spreading to hundreds, this will surely im-
pact the Bangkok lifestyle and will gradually improve the
environmental awareness.
Second, because the condominium is always seeking for a
new service to offer their habitants in order to provide them
an alternative that leads to a more convenient lifestyle.
159
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81. How : System map
USER
Learn
Register/
Questionair
re RKSHOP
ke
Ma
WO 0
201
DEC
12
re
Tip/Trick re
Become
Website Condo a member
Attend
Workshop
organize
workshop
pre-order
iPhone
Machine
indicate when
re
product is running out
Delivery
fill your own Recycle
company
bottles
Support workshop activities
Promote the service
Delivery Help with recycling municipality
order product
Give Tips/
workshop
Brand
161
160

82. Chapter 4 I PROJECT
Brochure and member card
re fill your own
Do you know ?
With re fill your own
You will save up to 40% than
buying packaged product in supermarkets. . .
so why still wasting money!?
Start your new experience with us NOW !
Member Privilege
Find an empty bottle in your house
*We also provide you a bottle at the
machine but it’s better you bring your own!
Each product can be purchased
Points by points. Learn how to collect
fill your own
your points . . .
Go to the reFill point
Rules! 5
re
At the machine, scan your member card
and follow the instruction on the screen Comment/Rate
re and select your desired product
5
reStyle your life
Member card Enjoy our selected product!
Since there is no package, you save the Give Tips&Trick
hidden cost that you usually pay when you
reStyle your life reUse your bottle
buy packaged product in supermarket
Account :
re
Welcome to our community! 10
reUse your bottle Enjoy your new whole Organize/Attend
re
After the product is finished, go back to workshop
Password :
experience of buying the reFill point and reFill it again!
fill your own household detergent
for your home! . . . .as simple as that! 20
re
fill your own Buy a bottle
START REFILL YOUR OWN!
Check out more about US fill your own
ENJOY YOUR NEW EXPERIENCE! YOU
SAVE Check out more about our service!
www.refillyourown.com Time Money Environment www.refillyourown.com
163
162

83. Chapter 4 I PROJECT
Touch point : Machine
Component of the refilling point is machine+recyclebin+infomation board
Condominium can choose how machine they want to put in their condo, depends also on the
needs and available space.
Moreover, Machine has designed to be able to change the color of the surface so the each
condominium can choose the colore that suit their interior the most.
165
164

84. 166
167
Touch point : Refill point

85. Chapter 4 I PROJECT
Touch point : Machine
Real time resource-saving : refill your own Logo
Machine indicates
how much resources
the community have saved.
(water,energy,CO2 smission)
ID scanner
refill cavity
Community board :
Where user can find out
about adtivities and
workshop. Also producers
can use this board to
promote the brand.
recycle bin
169
168

86. Chapter 4 I PROJECT
Label and Tag for reuse bottle
Instead of producing more plastic bottle to suply to users, the service decided
to have recycle company as a partner to clean a reusable plastic bottle that has
been thrown away. This way not only reduce amount of plastic bottle but also giv-
ing a new life to an old bottle.
The service will put a tag to show that ths bottle has been clean through a right
process and that they can be sure and feel secure to reuse the bottle. Also the
service will put the lable on each bottle to show how much each bottle can con-
tains, users can write on the label the name of the product they have refilled.
171
170

87. Chapter 4 I PROJECT
Mobile application
choose refillyourown application choose catagory choose product your want
select product from the list insert desired amount and choose how you want to pay
bottle if needed
Other pages
Personal accout page reCommend ME! service with search engine for
customer’s room plan tips and product
173
172

88. Another way to choose Member Privilege
Chapter 4 I PROJECT
the best product for your room
Member Privilege : reCommend ME! service & Points
Each product can be purchased
Another way to choose by collected points.
Points
the best product for your room Learn how to collect your points now!
Rules! 5
Comment/Rate
5
Give Tips&Trick
10
Organize/Attend
workshop
20
Buy a bottle
reCommend ME! is a special function from the service, it The service providespecial way of purchasing product for
helps the customers to choose product that suites with their customers by collecting points. Customers can gian points
room’s material. by commenting or rateing on the purchased product, give
tips and tricks to other customer, organize or attend work-
The programme will show your room’s plan which customers shop but also customers will loose their point everytime they
can select area of the room they want to clean then service purchase a new plastic bottle in order to encourage custom-
will reCommend them with the product that suits the best to ers to think first or reusing their old bottle.
their room’s material.
175
174

89. Chapter 4 I PROJECT
Receipt and point’s rules
re fill your own Suthapa Pruksapong
502
November 2010
Product Refilled list
Sunlight Mild&Green 250ml 25 b.
Breeze 500ml 60 b.
Breeze softener 500ml 55 b.
Mr.clean 750ml 75 b.
Total 215 b.
Points Points Detail
Gained points
Comment/Rate on product 10 pts
Give Tips&Trick 0 pts
Organize workshop 5 pts
Attending workshop 5 pts
From product’s special offer 0 pts
Everytimg you refill, your movement Used points
will be recorded in your account and Buy a bottle x1 5pts
the payment will be shown in your
Total 5 pts
registered credit card bill. The receipt
will come saperately at the end of the Last month pts. 0 pts
month with other condominium’s Your current pts. 5 pts
service’s bill and in the receipt you
will see your refilled history, points You have saved Saved resources
and how much you have saved the water 1.7 m2
environment. CO2 2.3 kg
energy 1.9 kWh
177
176

90. Chapter 4 I PROJECT
Website
re fill your own
welcome to our community
account name
password Visiter click here
Log in
Another touchpoint is WEBSITE
Non member users also can check out our service and activities, also
Download
can attend some open-to-public workshop.
In the website users can learn more about the problem of plastic waste
and how to reStyle their life to live better.
179
178

91. Chapter 4 I PROJECT
re fill your own
OUR SERVICE WHY REFILL HOW TO REFILL CONTACT
Suthapa Pruksapong
The Next Sukhumvit 52
1806 re fill your own
OUR SERVICE WHY REFILL HOW TO REFILL CONTACT
Suthapa Pruksapong
The Next Sukhumvit 52
1806
NEWS NEWS
COMMUNITY COMMUNITY
Ceiling Tips How to REMOVE STAIN ON THE FLOOR Check out Click on the date to see details of each workshop
Flooring Workshop calender
Who is joining our service? Who is joining our service?
Living room Tips
Become a
Community List
Bedroom Tips workshop organizer Community List
Kitchen Tips
Learn how to live more Learn how to live more
Toilet Tips sustainability ?
ReLifestyle
yourself
re Make sustainability ?
ReLifestyle
Laundry Tips WORKSHOP yourself
Tips & Trick re connect
stain on wooden floor PARTY !!!!!!! Tips & Trick
Learn new tips Learn new tips
re cycle
Conference
Attend or Offer workshop? Attend or Offer workshop?
Workshop
Workshop
Old plastic bottles? Old plastic bottles?
Don’t throw away ! Don’t throw away !
Give it to us :) Check our Give it to us :) Check our
Donation Point!
Donation Point!
Tips&Tricks Page Workshop Schedule
re fill your own
OUR SERVICE WHY REFILL HOW TO REFILL CONTACT
Suthapa Pruksapong
The Next Sukhumvit 52
1806
re fill your own
OUR SERVICE WHY REFILL HOW TO REFILL CONTACT
Suthapa Pruksapong
The Next Sukhumvit 52
1806
NEWS NEWS
COMMUNITY COMMUNITY
Check out Fill out your idea of the workshop you want to organize !
Workshop calender Name
Who is joining our service? Community Workshop Who is joining our service?
Become a Surname Open-to-Public
Community List
workshop organizer Community List
Desire date or the workshop
Learn how to live more Learn how to live more
sustainability ? sustainability ?
ReLifestyle ReLifestyle
yourself Your proposal yourself
Tips & Trick Tips & Trick
Learn new tips Learn new tips
Benefit
Attend or Offer workshop? Attend or Offer workshop?
Workshop Workshop
Old plastic bottles? Old plastic bottles?
Don’t throw away ! Submit Don’t throw away !
Give it to us :) Check our Give it to us :) Check our
Donation Point! Donation Point!
Check out and learn more about Participating Brand Organize a workshop
181
180

92. Chapter 4 I PROJECT
Logo and its customization
re
re RKSHOP
ke
Ma
W O 010
D EC 2 inium
12th
NEX
The mon Ro
ndo
m
T Co m, 5th F
o
loor
fill your own
om
C
Idea of the logo is to be customizable by users,
to fill their own word in hte blank.
re
ur own
fill yo
com
urown.
www.r
efillyo This logo could be customized by users. Users
can fill in the blank (instead of fill your own)
to promote their workshop activities, such
as remake, a workshop of remaking their
old cloths & stuff instead of throwing away
things.
example :
re
WORKSHOP
Make
re Make
WORKSHOP
re Make
re connect
WORKSHOP
PARTY!!!!!!!
12th DEC 2010
The NEXT Condominium
Common Room, 5th Floor
12th DEC 2010
re cycle
The NEXT Condominium Conference
Common Room, 5th Floor
The next re fill your own
183
182

93. 1
Sarah is a new member of
the condo. Once she
becomes member of the
condo she is automatically
registered for the service. On
the first day she will be
asked to do the questionaire
re fill your own OUR SERVICE WHY REFILL HOW TO REFILL CONTACT
account name password
Log in
NEWS
Customer journey : NEW USER
about her household COMMUNITY
cleaning habit and choose
Who is joining our service?
Community List
the password for her Learn how to live more
sustainability ?
ReLifestyle
4
yourself
account that has been reStyle
your life
reUse yo Tips & Trick
created, after she will get the
re
ur bottle Learn new tips
fill your
brochure and member card.
Attend or Offer workshop?
own
Workshop
Old plastic bottles?
re provides a complete refill-service system that not only aim to reduce plastic container waste in a Don’t throw away ! re
fill your own
daily life but also to encourage people in a community to concern more about the environment . Give it to us :) Check our
Donation Point!
2
she visits the website to learn more
about how she affects the environment
with her daily life and what can she do to
help the environment.
re fill your own
OUR SERVICE WHY REFILL HOW TO REFILL CONTACT
Suthapa Pruksapong
The Next Sukhumvit 52
1806
NEWS
COMMUNITY
Check out Click on the date to see details of each workshop Check out Click on the date to see details of each workshop
Workshop calender Workshop calender
Who is joining our service?
Become a Become a
workshop organizer workshop organizer
Community List
re
re KSre OP
fill your own
Learn how to live more Mak e
re Make sustainability ? Make
OR H
ReLifestyle
yourself
W
WORKSHOP WORKSHOP
2010
12th DEC
re connect inium
T Condom Floor reconnect
Tips & Trick The NEX
PARTY !!!!!!! Room, 5th PARTY !!!!!!!
Common
Learn new tips
re re
3
cycle cycle
5
Conference Conference
Attend or Offer workshop?
6
Workshop
Old plastic bottles?
Don’t throw away !
attend
re
Give it to us :) Check our
Donation Point!
fill your own
www.refillyourown.com
Later that evening, She starts out this wonderful experience Later she found out about the workshop that She click to see the detail and about the
by filling up detergent with the bottle that comes with the kit. organize by the community about remaking workshop and decided to attend.
She finds the service very convenient, economy and cloths and furniture.
eco-friendly.
After she read the instruction, she found the While she is refilling, the machine indicates how much she
7 8
service very interesting and useful. has helped the nature. So she feels even better because not
She’s glad of being a part of the community and only she spends less time and money but she also plays a role
can’t wait to have this new experience. in helping environment.
reRKSHOP
O
Mak e
W 0
EC 201
12th D ndominium
New users Scenario
XT Co Floor
The NE Room, 5th
on
Comm
The service provides user a member card In this story, a girl just moved into the condominium, re fill your own
wn.com
and a brochure which guides how to use she receives a member card and a brochure which
www.refillyouro
the service. explain about an entire service. She finds the service
to be profoundly useful and she decided to experi-
ence the service directly at the machine.
Later on she checks out the website and become an
active member in the community, she organizes and
attends workshops and gets to know her neighbor
more. On the 12th Jan 2010, She attend the work shop and knows more people At the end of the month, the bill comes with
and get all the cloths remake. . . perfect community! the credit card bill. It shows your refill history,
points amd also how much she has helped
the environment.
185
184

94. 1 2 3
APPLICATION SCENARIO
Customer journey : PRE-ORDER BY MOBILE APLLICATION
She asks her son to go down to refill it for her. She
Yani is an old user to the service gave him an empty bottle in the house.
One day while she was cooking and suddently
4
she realises that she ran out of detergent, she
remembers seeing the poster about refill-
your-own mobile service, She decided to try.
Luckily the service provide the mobile application., she
quickly orders by the iPhone Application while preparing
dinner.
Mobile Application Scenario
The service provides also a mobile applica- In this story, while the mother is preparing dinner, she
tion for user who usually prefers to pre needs to clean the pot to use for cooking but
order products and has limited time. suddenly she realizes that the dish washing deter-
He goes down with the
The service will reserve products from pre gent already ran out. Instead of stop cooking and go
bottle to refill.
order’s user for 24 hours so that whenever down by herself she uses the mobile application to There were somebody
user is available, user can go to refill without order the product she wants and she asks her son to using the machine so he
having to worry about wasting time choos- go down and refill it for her. Her son goes down to used the fast track path.
ing what to refill in front of the machine or refill at the machine and comes back within 5 Without waiting he
even if product will be finished or not. minutes...life couldn’t be more simple! easily scan the card and
This service is designed to fit a complicated In this way she saves her time and also spreads a the machine read the
city lifestyle. new experience to her son. order and start to refill
the bottle automatically.
187
186

95. 1 2 3 4
she goes down to buy a cleaner.
Customer journey : TIPS & RECOMMEND ME! FUNCTION
hmm that seems At the machine she uses the recommend
easy....let’s try! me! service to help her choose the best
product for her for her room’s material
ng She order the product with the bottle this
I goi
Ho w am all this!!! time and loose 5 pts for buying the bottle.
ean
to cl Since she doesn’t often use this detergent,
she refills just a small amount of it.
Therefore she reduces an unescessity
perchase to saves up some money and
resources
20
She rushes back to her room to clean, the
Jill has her 21th Birthday party last night. In the morning she found her Jill checks out the website and learn the tips product works very well, thanks to the tips
room extremly dirty. Many stains are on the floor which she has no clue on how to clean out the stains. and the recommend me! application:)
how to deal with it.
5
reCommend me! & Scenario
Rate&
Tips and Trick service Each material needs a suitable product; the story Comm
rent
e fill your own
Rate and comment
OUR SERVICE WHY REFILL HOW TO REFILL CONTACT
NEWS
COMMUNITY
Suthapa Pruksapong
The Next Sukhumvit 52
1806
The service provides the reCommend me! begins with a young girl who last night hosted a party
Rate and comment on your product!
Read comments
Product Who is joining our service?
Find product
Duck tile turbo
Product ranking
Rate your product
function that help users to find the suitable in her own room. When she wakes up she finds her
Learn how to live more
sustainability ?
Comments
suuuuuuper clean and suuuuper easy to use!
product for their room. Registered users room very dirty and her biggest concern are strains
stain on wooden floor Tips & Trick
Share your experience with us!
Attend or Offer workshop?
will find their room’s plan with all the on a ceramic floor. Old plastic bottles?
Don’t throw away !
Give it to us :)
material’s detail. In this way when users
choose any area of the room they want to She remembers that the service provides a recom-
clean, the service will automatically recom- mend me! function and a tips of the website which
mend a suitable product for each material. could walk her through a cleaning process from
Also in the website there’s a platform where choosing a suitable product until how to clean her
users and brands can exchange their ceramic floor.
she comment and rate the product and
cleaning tips.
gain 5 pts
189
188

96. Chapter 4 I PROJECT
Benefits for user, producer and condominium
For user
For Producer
WITHOUT refill system //For brands, it’s an excellent way to show they care, taking the lead
with innovative “giving back” schemes.
//Have a great image return, much higher than that obtained through
an expensive advertising campaign or the use of environmental cer-
tification that is useful, but poorly received by consumers.
//To help play their part in promoting sustainable behaviour.
Bring nothing Loose time in Buy a product Loose time in Loose time to refill pouch
the care and + hidden cost the care and fill up the is still TRASH! //A new platform to get closer to users through website community
cause an co2 of packaging cause an co2 bottle & maybe and workshop.
get dirty
CO2 CO2 //Less energy is required to produce.
//Less energy, packaging and space are required to ship the product.
WITH refill system
Bring your Take just a few Refill a product refill system
own bottle seconce by an + NO hidden cost cause NO TRASH!
elevator of packaging For Condominium
//Giving new image to the company
//Creates a closer relationship between habitants
YOU
SAVE
TIME MONEY ENVIRONMENT
191
190

97. Chapter 4 I PROJECT
What’s next
Product range
After people get used to the system,not only detergent and
household pruduct, but could possibly expand the range of
the products to personal car and beauty product
Community
Not only condominium but also other community can adopt
this refilling system.
Retail revolution
I hope that this activity willbecoming a trigger for people to
change their life style toward sustainability that they care
more about the environment problem which will lead to
make the producer sees that people willing to refill and re-
fuse to be a part of producing waste system. Also that they
find an economical value, profit from a refilling system that
can lead to an revolution of how all the big brand sell the
product in the future.
193
192

98. Image Index
Image index
Page Source Page Source
P.2-3 Waste Jerrycan, http://www.anoizes.com/ The refill shoppe
P.12-13 Colorful plastic bottles, http://www.earthfriendlymoving.com/pr_media_recycle.php P.94-97 http://therefillshoppe.com/about_us
P.22 trash-floating-garbage-in-gyre.jpg, http://chowmut.posterous.com/
P.24 A dead bird with a stomach full of plastic, http://www.localphilosophy.com/ Market of choices
P.24 Turtle with plastic ring, http://www.localphilosophy.com/ P.98-101 lifelessplastic.blogspot.com
P.25 The pacific garbage patch, http://upload.wikimedia.org/
P.26-27 Through the gyre, http://2012forum.com/ Negozio leggero di torino
P31 Transparent plastic, http://www.flickr.com P.102 http://www.negozioleggero.it/
P.36 Polluted Bangkok, http://www.flickr.com P.104-105 http://www.greenme.it
P.38 Bangkok highway, http://www.flickr.com
P.40 Bangkok garbage, http://www.flickr.com Effecorta,
P.46-47 TannumJai, http://www.tannamjai.com P.106 http://www.effecorta.it
P.52 Colorful container, http://www.flickr.com P.108 http://www.donnadiservizio.com
P.54 Plastic container in one household, personal picture P.109 http://servicedesignblog.wordpress.com
P.64 Reusablebag, http://www.reuseit.com
P.64 Tap it bottle, http://www.tapitwater.com/ Millebolle
P.64 KFC reusable container, http://plasticsandtheplanet.com/ P.110 http://www.multipratica.com/
P.64 Starbucks travel mug, www.starbucks.com/ P.112 http://www.general-store.it/ConosciLaNostraStruttura.aspx
P.66 M&M Las vegas, , http://www.flickr.com P.113 http://millebolle.iport.it/
P.68-69 Ecopoint crai, http://www.pricesharing.it/
P.70 Detergent, http://www.flickr.com Simply Sma
P.72 Detersivi alla spina, http://www.nonsprecare.it/ P.114 http://www.100ambiente.it
P.150-151 Bangkok buildings, http://www.flickr.com P.116-117 http://www.gsanews.it/
P.146 Mingmapping, Personal photo
P.154 Detergent bottle, Green living image galleries Neutral
P.156 Bangkok condominium, http://www.flickr.com P.118-121 http://www.alternativasostenibile.it
P.158 Thai condominium L.P.N, www.happinessofcaring.com
Ecogoccia
P.122 http://www.solbat.it/ecogoccia
Case stadies P.124-125 http://www.giacomoserci.it
P.82 Unpackaged
P.84 Unpackaged, London, http://www.monocle.com/ Punto pulito
P.85 Unpackaged, London, http://inhabitat.com/ P.126-129 http://www.puntopulito.it
Catherine Conway, http://www.life.com
Eco pulito
Green Depot P.130 www.ecopulito.it/
P.86 http://www.flickr.com P.132-133 www.riducimballi.it
P.88 http://www.thedailygreen.com
P.89 http://www.toolazytodoit.com Ecologos
P.89 http://alessandropoddie.blogspot.com p.134-137 http://www.riducimballi.it/Sito/images/varie/furgone.jpg
Green11 Vomfass
P.90-93 http://lifelessplastic.blogspot.com P.138 http://www.vomfass.it
P.140-141 http://www.camemberu.com
195
194

99. Books Websites
Bibliography
Brown, Tim. “Change by design”, HarperBusiness, 2009
>>Plastic waste problem
Chapman, Jonathan & Gant, Nick. “Designers, visionaries + other stories: A collection of sis-
tainable design essays”, Earthscan Publications Ltd, 2007 Story of stuff, http://www.storyofstuff.com/
Mau, Bruce & Leonard, Jennifer & Institute without Boundaries. “Massive Change”, Phaidon Month without plastic, http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/monthwithoutplastic/
Press, 2004, Market Economies, Corperate accountability, P130-133
Pacific ocean plastic waste dump ecology today, http://ecology.com/ecology-today/
Mau, Bruce & Leonard, Jennifer & Institute without Boundaries. “Massive Change”, Phaidon
Press, 2004, Manufacturing economies, Cycle to cycle, P181-187 Plastic- Sustentator in English, http://sustentator.com/blog-en/tags/plastic/
Heath, Chip & Heath, Dan. “Made to Stick: Why Some Ideas Survive and Others Die”, Random Sea of trash-pollution in the world’s oceans, http://www.nytimes.com/
House, 2007
Wikipedia : Great Pacific Garbage Patch, http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_Island
Heath, Chip & Heath, Dan. “Switch: How to Change Things When Change Is Hard”, Crown Busi-
ness, 2010 Reuse vs Recycle, http://www.greenlivingtips.com/articles/100/1/Reuse-vs-recycle.html
Rogers, Heather. “Gone Tomorrow: The Hidden Life of Garbage”, New Press, 2006 Lifelessplastic, http://lifelessplastic.blogspot.com
Seventh Generation - Kaplan EduNeering, http://www.institutesustainability.com/
Documents
An environmental mark. A better way of living, http://www.planet-positive.org/
Product-Service Systems and Sustainability, Unep-imp, Allegrini Casa quick, P11
Rise above plastic, http://www.riseaboveplastics.org/
System D. Ecoefficiency Guidelines Vezzoli Polimi 07 08 3.11, P9
Waste Online Homepage, http://www.wasteonline.org.uk/index.aspx
Mission and Goals, Plastic Pollution Coalition, http://plasticpollutioncoalition.org/
UNEP DTIE SCP Branch http://www.unep.fr/scp/
The Local Philosophy , http://www.localphilosophy.com
http://www.algalita.org/index.php
Green Festival , http://www.greenfestivals.org/
Be Wise With Plastics, Healthy Child Healthy World, http://healthychild.org/5steps/
Tipton: Think Before You Throw | Sustainable Cities, http://sustainablecities.dk/en/city-projects/
TakeOutWithOut, http://takeoutwithout.com/
TapIt Water, http://www.tapitwater.com/
196 197

100. Mail Online, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1191954/Refill-coffee-jars-supermarket-cut-
needless-packaging-says-minister.html Unpackaged : http://beunpackaged.com/
Detersivi Sfusi, http://www.detersivisfusi.it Catherine Conway (Unpackaged) on Twitter : http://twitter.com/unpackaged
Detersivi alla spina A.Q.system, http://www.detersiviallaspina.it/ Should supermarkets be made to refill, Life and style | guardian.co.uk
Aprire un negozio di prodotti sfusi alla spina, http://www.creaimpresa.it/ http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2009/
Produttori Detersivi, http://www.ecospesa.com Store visit , http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/
Shoppers to get coffee jar refills at supermarket, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/greenerliving/ http://www.hemispheresmagazine.com/
Green Living, Environment, http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/ Green11 : http://shopgreen11.com/
Month without plastic, http://www.facebook.com/pages/Life-Less-Plastic/ Effecorta, http://www.effecorta.it/prodotti/
>>Bangkok Detersivi alla spina Millebolle Point, http://millebolle.iport.it/index.html
Bangkok Metropolitant Administrator, http://city.bangkok.go.th/en/index.php Ecopulito, www.ecopulito.it/
http://203.155.220.217/pipd/07Stat%28Th%29/Stat%28th%2952/stat52.htm Punto Pulito, www.puntopulito.it/
Bangkok’s urbanization issues: Population, trash, and sex in the city Life in Thailand Market of choices, www.ecopulito.it/
http://www.thaiasiatoday.com/ Vomfass, www.vomfass.it/
Pollution Control Department, Bangkok, Thailand, www.pcd.go.th/ Green depot, il nuovo retail eco-friendly a Manhattan, http://www.designerblog.it/
State of Waste Management in South East Asia, www.unep.or.jp Simply Sma, www.simplymarket.it/
Thailand Fights Addiction to Plastic Bags, http://worldenvironment.tv/ Eco supermarket, http://servicedesignblog.wordpress.com/
Thai plastic waste : http://guru.sanook.com/pedia/topic/
, www.thaivolunteer.org
www.greenleafthai.org
http://developed-thailand.blogspot.com
”, http://webboard.mthai.com/7/2007-08-29/342384.html
>>Case studies
198 199