1. Abstract
English
We are living in a consumption society where people are less conscious about
their impact to the environment. As in many fast growing cities, Bangkok is also
facing the problem but most people still pay least attention to reduce plastic con-
sumption.
From the research, I came across a trend reducing plastic waste by refilling with
a reuse container. This trend could have a massive impact in solving this problem
while benefiting both consumers and producers.
Therefore, this thesis aims to introduce a new lifestyle raising awareness and that
refilling can reduce plastic waste and encouraging people in Bangkok to adhere
such behaviour.
As a result, I am proposing a product service system suitable for the context of-
Bangkok society, offering users the accessibility towards a sustainable lifestyle
through the refilling system.
Italian
Viviamo in una società dei consumi dove le persone sono meno consapevoli del
loro impatto sull’ambiente. Come in molte città in rapida crescita, anche Bangkok
sta fronteggiando questo problema, ma la maggioranza delle persone continua a
prestare meno attenzione nella riduzione del consumo di plastica.
Dalla riempimento, mi sono imbattuta in un trend sulla riduzione dei rifiuti di plas-
tica attraverso la ricarica un contenitore di riutilizzo. Questa tendenza potrebbe
avere un impatto enorme nel risolvere questo problema apportando un vantaggio
sia per i consumatori che per i produttori.
Pertanto, questa tesi si propone di introdurre un nuovo stile di vita che aumenti la
consapevolezza che attraverso il riempimento è possibile ridurre i rifiuti di plas-
tica e che incoraggi le persone a Bangkok ad aderire a tale comportamento.
Come risultato, propongo un sistema di servizi e prodotto adatto per il contesto
della società Bangkok, offrendo agli utenti l’accessibilità a uno stile di vita sos-
tenibile attraverso il sistema di ricarica.
1
3. Introduction
a refill service system for Bangkok’s
new lifestyle towards sustainability Understanding Research and Analysis of Mindmapping &
the problem analyze on Case studies Project
For the past century, we cannot ignore the benefits of plastics which have been Bangkok city Development
introduced in many different ways since plastics can be rapidly produced to any
desired form.
However, since we are living in a consumption society where people are less
conscious about consuming and producing; the number of plastic waste has in- In consideration of developing and designing the idea of refilling to match with
creased dramatically causing many severe problems to our environment. Bangkok society, this book is divided into 4 chapters. First three chapters explain
about the overall plastic problem throughout the world and in Bangkok while the
Thus, if it is us who are causing these problems by consuming and producing last chapter shows how this new product service system meets Bangkok life-
without awareness then it is us who have to change in order to solve this prob- style.
lem. The solution is not only by changing how we consume but also to find out
how we can reduce plastic from production line. The first chapter focuses on the understanding of the global problem of plastic
waste starting from the production line to the recycle bin.
Nowadays plastic waste problem is also one of the major problems in many fast
growing cities like Bangkok. Nonetheless plastic waste problem is barely recog- The second chapter talks about Bangkok society and its problem which the
nized in Bangkok. awareness of environment and the over-consumption of the society are closely
investigated.
Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to provide a service system that creates a new
lifestyle towards sustainability by encouraging people to think about reusing The third chapter consists of two parts; first part displays on-going trends and
before recycling and raising awareness in Bangkok society. the enthusiasm of people in solving this problem from around the world. Second
part presents case studies of dfferent refill systems that have been developed.
To begin with, I have been researching about the plastic waste problem and Each case study has been intensely examined and analyzed for the purpose of
the reaction of people with the problem. According to the macro research, the developing the refill system for Bangkok society.
awareness of people toward this problem is constantly growing as well as many
solutions have been carried out around the world to tackle this problem. Finally, the last chapter, using all the data gathered from previous chapters I pro-
posed a product service system that matches Bangkok society while offering
I came across this one trend called, “REFILL”, that could have a massive impact users the accessibility towards a sustainable lifestyle.
on this problem. Refilling is a new way to reduce plastic waste right from the be-
ginning by allowing consumers to reuse their used plastic container to refill the This thesis hopes to create an appropriate refill service system for Bangkok
product while brands have an alternative to offer products to their customers in society and also becoming a trigger for people to change their life style toward
a more sustainable manner. sustainability.
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4
4. ABSTRACT (ENGLISH & ITALIAN)
INTRODUCTION
Content
PLASTIC WASTE CASE STUDIES AND ANALYSIS 81
Chapter Plastic waste 13 Chapter Unpackaged 82-85
1 Pollution from plastics production
Disposal & Recycle
15
17 3 Green depot
Green 11
86-89
90-93
Types of Plastic Bottles 19 The refill shoppe 94-97
Where does the waste go 21 Market of choices 98-101
Great Pacific Garbage Patch 23-25 Negozio leggero di Torino 102-105
Reuse before Recycle 29 Effecorta 106-109
Life less plastic 31 Millebolle 110-113
Simply sma 114-117
Neutral 118-121
ABOUT BANGKOK Eco Goccio 122-125
Chapter Bangkok in general 39 Punto pulito bio 126-129
2 Bangkok waste
Plastic waste in Bangkok
41
43
Ecopulito
Ecologos : Reducimballi project
130-133
134-137
Awareness of Thais towards plastic waste 45 Vomfass 138-141
Wrong mindset of Thai campaign 47 Comparison 142-145
Plastic product in our daily life 53
Plastic container in one household 55
PROJECT
Chapter It’s time to change 149
change? . . . starts to rethink reuse and refill 153
TRENDS 4 WHAT : Refilling system for household detergent 155
Chapter Ways to reduce plastic consumption 63 WHERE : Bangkok condominium 157
WAY 1 : BRING YOUR OWN EVERYTHING , B.Y.O.E. 65 WHO : Condominium habitant 159
3 Way 2 : Sell & Buy in Bulk 67-69 HOW : System map 161
Way 3 : Refilling, the 4th R 71 TOUCHPOINT
System of refilling 73 Brochure and member card 163
Packaged product system VS Refill system 75 Machine 165-169
Advantages and benefits 77 Label and Tag for reuse bottle 171
Mobile application 173
Member Privilege : reCommend ME! service & Points 175
Receipt and point’s rules 177
Website 178-181
Coorperate identity : Logo and its customization 183
HOW : CUSTOMER JOURNEY
New user 185
Pre-order via mobile application 187
Tips&Tricks , reCommend ME! service 189
Benefits
For user 190
For brand 191
For the Condominium 191
IMAGE INDEX 194-195
BIBLIOGRAPHY 196-199
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6
5. How can we raise thai’s
awareness to
reduce plastic waste
so they can make
better choices?
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7. Page 6 I PREFACE
Plastic waste
Plastic is something we all use and so many things are nei-
ther made of it nor packaged in it. Since it is durable, versatile,
lightweight, hygienic, cheap and strong: synthetic plastic is ar-
guably one of the most useful inventions of the last century.
It is essential in medical equipment, technology and thou-
sands of devices which have increased our standard of living.
But those very same attributes of durability and cheapness
make plastic one of the most pervasive forms of waste on
the planet, A vast amount of plastic is getting thrown away
in an irresponsible way.
Environmentally, plastic is a growing disaster. Plastic is the
fastest-growing component of the waste stream. And be-
cause plastic essentially never biodegrades, once littered
plastic becomes a permanent environmental problem.
Plastic container is an enormous source of landfill waste
and is regularly eaten by numerous marine and land ani-
mals, to fatal consequences.
In this chapter I would again pointing out a bit more about
plastic and its types, problem that is going on and why do we
need to solve the problem.
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8. Chapter 1 I PLASTIC WASTE
Pollution from plastics production
The production and the use of plastics have a range of
environmental impacts. Firstly, plastics production requires
significant quantities of resources, primarily fossil fuels, both
as a raw material and to deliver energy for the manufactur-
ing process. It is estimated that 4% of the world’s annual oil
production is used as a feedstock for plastics production and
an additional 3-4% during manufacture.
In addition, plastics manufacture requires other resources
190g such as land, water, produces waste and emissions. The
1.7lt 230g
100g
overall environmental impact varies according to the type of
CO2 plastic and the production method employed.
Plastics production also involves the use of potentially
container of liquid detergent has a mass of about 100 grams,
equivalent to 190 grams of oil, 1.7 liters of water and 230 g of CO2 harmful chemicals, which are added as stabilizers or colo-
rants. Many of these have not undergone environmental risk
assessment and their impact on human health and the envi-
ronment is currently uncertain. An example of this is phtha-
lates, which are used in the manufacture of PVC. PVC has in
the past been used in toys for young children and there has
been concern that phthalates may be released when these
toys are sucked (come into contact with saliva). Risk assess-
ments of the effects of phthalates on the environment are
currently being carried out.
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9. Chapter 1 I PLASTIC WASTE
Disposal & Recycle
The disposal of plastics products also contributes signifi-
cantly to the environmental impact. Since most plastics are
non-degradable, they take a long time to break down, possi-
bly up to hundreds of years - although no one knows for cer-
tain as plastics haven’t existed for long enough - when there
are landfill.
With more and more plastics products, particularly plastics
packaging, being disposed of soon after their purchase, the
landfill space required by plastics waste is a growing con-
cern, Plastic bottles are a major contributor, followed by
plastic bags, fishing line, and other plastic pieces.
Moreover, Many plastic items end up in the marine environ-
ment, where they drift, become entangled, and often litter
beaches. Some plastics, such as polystyrene, can fragment
into smaller and smaller pellets. They may become less no-
ticeable, but they are still present. Filter-feeding organisms
take in floating pieces. Tiny plankton may contain plastic, and
consumers up the food chain may Bioaccumulate much larg-
er quantities. Larger plastics are found in marine mammals,
large fishes, seabirds, and turtles, after being mistaken for
jellyfish and other edible organisms – balloons are notorious
for confusing animals. These indigestible pieces can lead to
injury and even death, through digestive blockage, strangu-
lation, or amputation.
Although many types of plastics could potentially be recy-
cled, the plastic recycling produces a lot of pollution and as a
result it can be very harmful for the environment in which we
live. Thus plastic recycling should be done in such a manner
that it reduces the pollution to the minimum level.
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10. Chapter 1 I PLASTIC WASTE
Types of plastic container
To assist recycling of disposable items, the Plastic Bottle Insti-
tute of the Society of the Plastics Industry devised a now-
familiar scheme to mark plastic bottles by plastic type.
A plastic container using this scheme is marked with a tri-
angle of three cyclic arrows, which encloses a number giving
the plastic type:
Plastics type marks:
The resin identification code
1//PET(PETE), polyethylene terephthalate, is commonly found
in 2-liter soft drink bottles, water bottles, cooking oil bottles,
peanut butter jars.
2//HDPE, high-density polyethylene, is commonly found in
detergent bottles and milk jugs.
3//PVC, polyvinyl chloride, is commonly found in plastic
pipes, outdoor furniture, siding, floor tiles, shower curtains,
clamshell packaging.
4//LDPE, low-density polyethylene, is commonly found in
dry-cleaning bags, produce bags, trash can liners, and food
storage containers.
5//PP, polypropylene, is commonly found in bottle caps,
drinking straws, yogurt containers.
6//PS, polystyrene, is commonly found in “packing peanuts”,
cups, plastic tableware, meat trays, take-away food clam-
shell containers.
7//Other, is commonly found in certain kinds of food contain-
ers, Tupperware, and Nalgene bottles.
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11. Chapter 1 I PLASTIC WASTE
Where does the waste go
Plastic doesn’t decompose or compost. The plastic that is
sitting in the ocean right now will NEVER go away.
Landfill
These lansfills are being filled too quickly and we are run-
ning out of space. Regulations now mean that new landfills
have to be engineered to stop leachate (nasty liquids, juices
and dirty rainwater that collects at the bottom of the pit)
less than 50% are recycled from contaminating underground water streams and dan-
gerous gases (carbon dioxide and methane) from escaping
into the air.
Incineration
CO2 In some places rubbish is burned, usually in big cities where
end up in landfill ocean Incineration emission there is no space for landfills. Some industry officials have
promoted the incineration of plastic as a means of disposal.
A similar process known as pyrolysis bakes plastics into a
hydrocarbon soup which can be reused in oil and chemi-
cal refineries. However, both incineration and pyrolysis are
much more expensive than recycling, and each process also
CO2 poses severe air pollution problems.
new product
drinkconteminated water eat plastic pieces emission
Marine Pollution
A large proportion of plastic winds up in the ocean, where it
is often torn into small particles which are eaten by marine
animals. This causes a possible serious threat to the food
chain, as the marine animals are eaten by other animals
which eventually wind up in human diets. As the research,
Lantern fish, common food for Tuna, Salmon, and Mahi Mahi,
end up in landfill
fish that you and I eat, contained plastic particles in their Whatever goes into the
stomachs. The record holder had 84 pieces of plastic in its
gut - and these fishes are only 2-3 inches long! ocean goes into these
animals and onto your
Recycle dinner plate.
Only 5% of the trash in the world is being recycled and, the
Dr. Marcus Eriksen,
plastic recycling produces a lot of pollution and as a result it research Director of
YES . . . IT COMES BACK TO YOU ! can be very harmful for the environment in which we live. the Algalita Institute in Atlanta
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12. Great Pacific Garbage Patch
There is a huge plastic waste dump site, the “Plastic Island”,
in the Pacific Ocean that is twice the size of Texas. It is esti-
mated that 10% of the world’s plastic waste finds its way into
the sea and slowly but surely most of it ends up in the Pacific
Ocean. The “Plastic Island”, it is not really a floating island. It
is more like a soup of plastic pieces floating in the ocean just
below the surface. It is located about 900 kilometers from
California, between Hawaii and Japan.
Sea currents transport the waste to the “Dead zones”, scien-
tifically the area is known as the Northern Pacific Gyre, one
of five gyres in the world oceans. They are areas of sea where
water circulates clockwise in a very slow spiral. Winds are
light and the currents tend to force any floating material into
the low energy center of the gyre everything afloat becomes
trapped. Without a doubt, these areas trap debris into one
large constant mass of plastic. The pieces of plastic come
from all over the world. Any country that has a shore or river,
where such pieces blow or wash out to sea is a source.
According to the research of the plastic dump in the Pacific
Ocean, the northern Pacific plastic dump is deceptive to the
eye. While it contains huge amounts of plastic waste it is not
all floating on the surface. Wave action and the heat of the
sun degrade the plastic into smaller and smaller particles
which can form a sinking toxic soup that extends down to 6
meters below the ocean’s surface.
Eventually, over 70 percent of discarded plastic sinks toward
the ocean’s bottom. The Dutch researchers have counted an
astounding 600 thousand tones of plastic sitting on the North
Sea floor. As that ocean floor becomes increasingly smoth-
ered by descending bits of plastic sea bed organisms strug-
gle for survival.
This mass of plastic is slowly being broken down into a plastic
dust that marine wildlife mistake for food. Small fishes con-
sume tiny bits of plastic as if they were normal plankton. Those
fishes are then consumed by larger species and the plastic
contamination moves up the food chain. Some researchers
estimate that there are over six kilos of plastic for every kilo of
naturally occurring plankton in the Pacific plastic dump.
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13. A dead bird with a stomach full of
plastic-most likely it’s cause of death
The UN Environmental Program estimates that over a million
seabirds, as well as more than 100 thousand marine mam-
mals, die every year from ingesting plastic debris. Dead sea-
birds having mistaken plastics for food have been found with
discarded plastic lighters, water bottle caps and scraps of
plastic bags in their stomachs.
The problem is being intensified as modern plastics become
more durable and increasingly more disposable. As the Pa-
cific plastic dump grows, and it could double in size by 2015,
the effect on the human food chain becomes more toxic and
problematic
This turtle experienced abnormal
growth because of a plastic ring float-
ing in the ocean
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15. 1 11
Chapter 1 I PLASTIC WASTE
Reuse before Recycle
THINK
BEFORE
YOU
BUY
THINK
BEFORE
YOU REDUCE BEFORE REUSE
THROW! REUSE BEFORE RECYCLE!
The recycling movement has gathered plenty of steam in re-
cent years which is wonderful as there is far less waste hit-
ting our landfills and far more resources being reclaimed.
Many of us that wants to go greener often firstly think of re-
cycle, as if you recycle you are doing the best thing to the Unless you’re very, very
world but actually recycling also causes a lot of CO2 emis- disciplined - and most of
sion, pollute the environment and some waste like plastic
will never be able to fully recycle. us frankly aren’t - then
you’re quite likely to end
Of course, Recycle is a good thing to do but what about reduce up by throwing away.
the consumption, and reuse what you can reuse before you
throw it away? In this case, no trash will end up in the landfill Dick Searle,
and no CO2 emission will be caused in the recycle process. UK Packaging Federation
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16. Chapter 1 I PLASTIC WASTE
Life less plastic
Could You Eliminate Plastic From Your Life?
Plastic
in the Plastic is everywhere. Plastic is in our kitchens, our bath-
house
rooms, our offices, and our cars. It’s likely that no matter
where you are right now, you are surrounded with plastic, all
of which will likely find its way to a landfill for over a billion
years.
Who in the world would live without plastic? and How can
you possibly get away from it?!
There is!, there are people who tried out this action and re-
ally able to cut plastic out of their life.
Jeanne Haegele,the 28-year-old Chicago resident and the
blogger behind Life Less Plastic decided to try to decrease
plastic’s presence in her life. Since September 2007, Hae-
gele started to become as plastic-free as possible.
She began eating more fruits and vegetables and began Habits are hard to break,
shopping at stores with bulk bins, which allow customers but sometimes you just
to refill their own containers. According to her blog, she has
Plastic not only experienced significant cost savings, but her diet
have to try.
from the has become much healthier, adding two more reasons to
month
before remove some of the plastic from her life.
As well as Beth Terry, the blogger behind Fake Plastic Fish.
Plastic
from
“A month Nonetheless, there are some actions going on around the
without world to solve this problem, many people are trying out this
plastic” new trend, “A month without plastic”, by this means not buy-
ing or accepting anything which contains plastic or is pack-
aged in plastic with the aim of seeing how possible it is to
live without new plastic.
Christine Jeavans in UK, Cliff Nathan Hansen in Korea,
Jesús García Barcala in Spain are trying out this action and
posting on the socialnetwork which become a trend for the
follower to do so. This actions show that people are aware of
the problem and try to cut plastic out of their life.
Would it be any easier way to help them cut the plastic out of
their life? Life less plastic shouldn’t be that hard anymore!
Christine Jeavans’s “A month with out plastic” tally on the left, and a previous month on the right
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17. How is the plastic
waste problem in
Bangkok, Thailand
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20. Page 6 I PREFACE
Bangkok
Bangkok in general
31 th World
biggest city
Bangkok is the capital, largest urban area and primary city of Thailand. Known in Thai as
Krung Thep Maha Nakhon or Lrung Thep in short, meaning "city of angels".
Bangkok has rapidly grown in recent years. With that fast growing business, populations,
Bangkok is now facing a big pollutions problems. Three main problem is air pollution, water
pollution and trash pollution. A lot of waste are produced uncarefully and
people still unconciously polluting the city.
Thailand 67,422,887 33,114,700 34,308,187
Bangkok 6,867,307 3,187,320 3,679,987
Transportations
car taxi bus train motorcycle boat bicycle
7
6
4
5
3
2
1
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21. Bangkok waste
3 Major CO2
Pollutions
Air Water Trash
Rank
277,511.00 23th
tons co2 emission
3396
Plastic 14% in
Plastic waste is also one (in thousands of metric tons) Factory Bangkok
of the main problem in
Bangkok but people are
still lack of awarness
and consciousness.
Thailand produce waste
only 22%
are recycled
ton/
14.3million day
Thailand
Bangkok
14.3million
ton/day 20%is 1,750
8,835 Plastic ton/day
ton/day
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22. Chapter 2 I BANGKOK
Bangkok’s waste
Plastic waste in Bangkok
3,224,315 ton/year
8,835 ton/day
Type of waste
Bone Other
0.3% 7% Metal
Leaf
6% 1.5%
FOOD WASTE PLASTIC
45% 20%
Fabric Glass
5% 2.5%
Rubber Paper
Stone&Ceramic 8%
0.2
0.5%
Other
4%
Plastic waste that remains after recycling
20% of waste is PLASTIC and 35% of those plastic comes from packaging
40% HDPE
30% LDPE
17% PP
41 5 13% other
6 35% Packaging
20% Fiber/Textile 40% of plastic waste is a high-density polyethylene (HDPE)
12 17% Electronic
20% is PLASTIC 12% Automobile Part
which is the top rank of plastic waste and commonly used
PLASTIC as a non-solid container. This type of plastic is deficiently
17 35 06% Housewares recycled and usually leaves some remains afterward the
04% Furniture
01% Footware
recycle process. LDPE is also used around 30% in shopping 40% HDPE
bag, trash can liners and food container. Another 17% is PP, 30% LDPE
20 05% other
commonly found in bottle caps, drinking straws and yogurt
containers. 17% PP
13% other
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23. Chapter 2 I BANGKOK
Do you know about Global warming?
Awareness of Thais towards plastic waste
10 30 50 70 90
yes no
Do you know abot plastic waste problem?
10 30 50 70 90 Awareness of Thai toward plastic waste
According to the research of Ministry of Natural resources
and environment, 2009 , the result on the left shows that
Thai does know about the global warming and the plastic
waste problem. They have in mind that they should to do
yesno something.
The problem is we KNOW but we are not CONCERN.
Environmental concerns are still very minimal or non-exist-
How important to solve plastic waste problem? ing among Thai consumers
The most important issue is that the service and the envi-
Extreamly Very Somewhat Not too Not at all No opinion ronment around does not encourage people to have a better
choice and show them how to live better.
For example, big shopping malls certainly do not take bold
initiatives. At all possible occasions one is inundated by un-
necessary plastic bags. Latest interesting development is
the Mall department stores has started issuing biodegrad-
able plastic bags,
Besides the obligation of plastic bags, convenience stores
and supermarkets automatically provide you plastic spoons
What do they do with plastic bag afterwards? when you buy a small cup of yoghurt, and straws when you
purchase soft drinks or even when you buy beer cans.
One example of overly unnecessary ‘service’: when you fill a
70% Reuse 22% Trash 5% Sell 3% others container (plastic) at the salad bar of gourmet market, you
are provided with paper napkins, and plastic utensils, as if
you are going to eat the salad there and then at the super-
market (or do not have the necessary forks and spoons at
home).
We are not taking it serious enough and do not give rules that
could make this issue better because in our country the con-
venience of the consumer comes first.
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24. Chapter 2 I BANGKOK
Thai campaign
“The more you drink Each bottle , 10cents will be given to a charity
The more you give” “The more you drink the more you give”
Thai private organization campaign.
This campaign has been quite success full among Thais,
as the design of the bottle is nice and people feels like
they are helping others while just doing their normal habit,
drinking water.
But if we look from another point of view, this shows how
Thais still doesn’t have a mindset of plast waste. Instead of
telling people to stop purchaseing plastic bottle, like some
countryies encourage their citizen to bring their own mug
and drink tap water, this campaign encourage and tell peo-
ple to buy more and more without conciousness of wasting
more plastic bottles.
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46
25. How can we raise
thai’s awareness to
reduce plastic waste
so they can make
better choices?
49
48
26. How about start looking
in our daily life and
see how much plastic
product we have
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27. Plastic product in our daily life
If we look through our day, our life is full of plastic, starting
from grocery bag to computer and even furniture. As you can
see, plastic can be used to produce wide range of products.
Seriously everything is plastic. All the containers are mostly
made out of plastic. From bedroom kitchen toilet, eveywhere
there is plastic container.
As you can see, plastic can be used to produce wide range
of products and if we look through our day, most products
we usually use are household product. They usually come
in a container made out of plastic. However, these plastic
containers are usually being thrown away after a single use
even though they are still in a perfect condition.
Therefore, if each of us starts to reuse these container in our
daily life, how much plastic could have been saved in each
household. This could make a massive change in our life
and to the world.
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28. Chapter 2 I BANGKOK
Plastic container in one household
On the left page are pictures of plastic containers in one
household of 3 people in Bangkok. Our life is full of these
products from kitchen to bathroom to laundry.
Here are some examples found in this house :
Kitchen: Drinks Sauce Food package Oil to dish washing de-
tergent
Bathroom: Beauty products are mostly comes in plas-
tic, shampoo conditioner mouth washing tooth paste face
washing cream lotion and more
Laundry and cleaning products: To clean from ceiling to
floor, windows, cloths we use a wide range of product which
all come in plastic.
These products mostly being bought every few months, If we
can reduce the need of buying a new one or reuse all these
container, this household will at least save more than 250
plastic containers a year
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29. How can we reduce
plastic container
waste? . . .
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31. What has been done in
the world to approach
this problem ? ...
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32. Chapter 3 I TRENDS AND CASE STUDIES
3 ways to reduce plastic waste problem
There are many actions going on around the world in order
to tackle the plastic waste problem by reducing plastic con-
tainer consumption. In the following pages, 3 trends about
reducing plastic container consumption are being shown.
First trend is “Bring your own”. Using your own container
when you buy product is the main idea of this trend. This
trend is mostly occurred with shopping in the supermarket,
buying coffee in cafeteria, having take-away food from a
restaurant and many more.
Bring your own Second trend is selling Bulk food, this trend helps both to
reduce the food and container waste, consumers can buy
only the amount of the product they want and reduce the
packaging waste and cost.
Sell&Buy in BULK
The last trend is refilling system, is another way to sell milk,
detergent in bulk by reusing a glass container or even a used
Refilling plastic bottle.
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33. WAY 1 : Bring Your Own Everything , B.Y.O.E.
Bring Your Own trends urge you to consider this fact and
BRING YOUR OWN SHOPPING BAG BRING YOUR OWN BOTTLE take a few quick ‘n easy steps to reduce the flood of plastic
into the waste stream by avoiding disposables for everyday
things, and kicking some serious plastic
At the top of the list: BRING YOUR OWN SHOPPING BAG is
being a hit for a while. Many people is doin this as their reg-
ular behaviour. Now coffe shop such as starbuck also en-
courage people to BRING YOUR OWN MUG, as they will get
discount every time they bring their own mug. Next is BRING
YOUR OWN BOTTLE, as to reduce plastic waste that comes
with the plastic water bottle, USA and UK started to encour-
age their people to drink more tap water by bring their own
bottle and refill at the point they provide around the city. The
trend also spread to fast food company, KFC,BRING YOUR
OWN CONTAINER, has begun rolling out its new reusable
polypropylene container and lid to replace their former sin-
gle-use foam container for side dishes.
The trend doesn’t stop there, there are many more bring
your own whatever, such as FOOD, Restaurant in NY started
to provide a space where people can come and order just a
drink and enjoy their own food. TOWEL, new trends that pro-
mote people to bring their own towel to reduce toilet paper
waste.
BRING YOUR OWN CONTAINER BRING YOUR OWN MUG
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34. Way 2 : Sell & Buy in Bulk
Sell in Bulk are a way of selling consumables by weight. A
customer can measure out an amount of product to be later
weighed at the point of sale. The product is usually less ex-
pensive per unit compared to pre-packaged items. The cus-
tomer is able to choose exactly how much product they want
and will go home with less packaging.
Not only will you be reducing the world’s trash load, you will
also be saving money. Since a retailer saves money buying in
bulk (paying for less packaging), those savings are passed
down to you. Bulk food is always cheaper per pound than
packaged food.
M&M in Las Vegus
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35. Chapter 3 I TRENDS AND CASE STUDIES
Many supermarket in Italy are offering this kind
of selling in bulk. You can find an Eco-Point where
they sell dry food in bulk. The steps are easy. Just
fill up products into the provided bag, as much as
you wish. then weigh it, put the lebel on and pay
normally at the cashier.
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LEVER DOWN WEIGH LABEL PAY SAVE
fill up desired price is calculated stick on price is reduce
product per gram price(barcode) to 20-70%
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36. Way 3 : Refilling, the 4th R
REDUCE REUSE RECYCLE
REFILL
3rd way is another trend that can reduce plastic waste by
refilling a detergent with a reuse container. I find this trend
could have a massive impact in solving this problem while
benefiting both consumers and producers.
Refilling system is a new way of purchasing detergent.
Instead of buying a new plastic bottle every time, you can
bring your own bottle to refill or you can buy a new bottle for
the first time and then bring it back to fill it over and over
again which reduces the amount of plastic waste that will
end up in the landfill.
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37. Their main characteristic is to sell products in bulk, so no package.
The customer will buy the amount of product they really need is
erasing waste or the cost of other packages that typically prove
particularly polluting. Container will be reuse and brought from home.
System of refilling
Work by // Start off with an offered bottle or bring-your-own-bottle (BYOB)
REFILL // Reuse the same plastic bottle over and over...and over again
// Save monet and save environment!
SYSTEM
Sustainable Cycle
*buy a new bottle(1st time)
/ reused bottle(from 2nd time)
A small gesture that helps to reduce waste
enjoy product
refill
desired
product
*In some case, users can
bring their own bottle but
most of the service now ask
product ran out customer to buy new bottle.
Easy steps to refill
1 11
nonono
ononon
ononon
cleaner
BYOB REFILL WEIGH LABEL PAY SAVE
bring your own bottle / choose product and price is calculated stick on labels/ save up to 40%
purchase the new one refill amount as desire per liter price(barcode) of market price
for the first time
Refill water, milk, detergent is going on a rise and needs of the customer.
Many supermarket in Italy provides a corner of refill detergent.
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38. Different Typical Pakaged-Detergent’s long journey
between VS
Tap-Detergent’s short journey
2 system
Chapter 3 I TRENDS AND CASE STUDIES
Packaged product system VS Refill system
Packaged-Detergent’s complex journey
VS
The packaging of detergent represent a key component of
the total quantity of waste we produce. For this reason the
proposal of refilling is to reduce the containers needed,
simply by allowing custumer to reuse their bottle.
Refilling system is a new way of purchasing detergent. In-
stead of buying new plastic bottle everytime, you bring your
own bottle to refill or you can buy the new bottle for the
first time and then bring it back to fill it over and over again
which save the amount of plastic waste that will end up in
the landfill.
Refill-Detergent’s simple journey Their main characteristic is to sell products in bulk, so no
package. Customers will buy the exact amount of product
they really need which help to erase waste and the cost of
package that typically prove particularly polluting.
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39. Chapter 3 I TRENDS AND CASE STUDIES
Packaged detergent involve the use of
pallet transport
As you can see on the left, a packaged product cycle and a
bottles plastic film
Advantages and benefits
refill product cycle are being compared starting from pro-
Packaged
detergent x 25 duction line until recycle bin to shows advantages and dis-
1 2
advantages. Both cycles are divided into 5 steps;
boxes
1) Production
PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION
VS
Plastic containers are being produced individually for a
Less energy is required to produce Less energy, packaging and space
packaged product while for a refill product; only a tank is
are required to ship product to retailers.
being used to fill product in large amount and being used
again for the next time. Therefore, a refill product reduces
Refill
the amount of plastic container.
detergent x1
Only one tank for the transport
2) Transportation
of several liters of product. With a refill product, only a tank is stored in a truck for the
transportation while a packaged product requires several
elements such as paper box, transparent film and other ele-
ment to be transported. Thus, a refill product cycle saves not
only materials and time but also man-power.
3
3) Consuming
A packaged product price is divided into a product and a
CONSUME packaging, thus buying a refill product by using your own
save up to 40% comparing to the price of container saves up 40% from a packaging price.
packaged product sold in supermarket.
4) Waste
Most of a plastic container usually ends up in a landfill in the
packaged product cycle while the refill product cycle elimi-
nates this step by reusing the container to fill the product.
5) Recycle
One possible solution of reducing plastic container in a
packaged product cycle is recycling. Although, recycle pro-
cess may eliminate plastic container but it creates a great
deal of pollution and consume massive energy.
From the analysis, there are several advantages from a refill
product cycle which are;
4 5
- Save non-renewable resources
- Reduce energy consumption
- Reduce carbon dioxide emission
WASTE RECYCLE - Less weight
Reduce plastic waste Require energy and
- More space
Save the landfill. cause emissions.
- Less material being used
- Manufactured with high quality at low cost
Refill product cycle involves fewer steps, lower energy con-
sumption, lower resources consumption and most impor-
Refilling creates no waste No energy required and no emissions caused tantly reduce plastic waste problem
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40. 13 Case studies
04 Countries
05 Different products
04 Different types of store
02 Different systems
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41. 13 Case Studies
Case studies
1UK
1
GERMANY
3
USA
8
ITALY
4 Types of shop
mono-shop franchising corner van
Products Brand Payment system
mono brand multi brand weigh digital
barcode
In this chapter, I have analyzed 13 case studies that have the
concept of bringing your own and refilling system.
5 Types of product Each case study has different system structure and ap-
proach to customer.
Each one offers different product, way to refill, the machine
and the payment system.
Analysis of each system has been carried out to understand
Fresh Dry Drink Cosmetic Detergent each case’s strong and weak points in order to be adapted
later on the project.
Food Food
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42. Chapter 2 I What has been done in the world to approach the problem
UNPACKAGED
Beginning life as a market stall in 2006, Unpackaged is a
unique and brilliant concept that is so simple, especially
considering the sheer amount of packaging waste that is ri-
diculously filling our planet’s landfill sites. Within the beau-
tifully designed shop, organic whole foods, dried fruit, nuts
and seeds, herbs and spices, even refillable oils, vinegars and
wines are all available to place straight into your own refillable
containers, that you will have brought along with you.Those
who forget to bring their own containers are furnished with
durable, resealable plastic bags that they can reuse during
their next trip, but thanks to the package-free environment,
the owner claims that each year Unpackaged generates 1.5
tons less carbon than traditional food stores.
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