The document summarizes research on using acoustic emission (AE) monitoring to analyze the high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying process. Key points:
- AE monitoring can provide insights into particle impact behavior and phase changes during spraying and cooling, important for coating strength.
- A kinematic model was developed relating AE energy levels to particle kinetic energy based on spray parameters and slit geometry variables.
- AE signals were found to increase with coating buildup over multiple layers due to spray plume widening beyond the theoretical spot size.
Kermetico HVAF vs HVOF technology technical presentationVitaly Geraskin
HVAF vs HVOF: high velocity thermal spray equipment to deposit metal and carbide coatings. Technological effectiveness basics, comparison of scientific data, Hardness, ductility, Young modulus, cavitation resistance.
Kermetico HVAF vs HVOF technology technical presentationVitaly Geraskin
HVAF vs HVOF: high velocity thermal spray equipment to deposit metal and carbide coatings. Technological effectiveness basics, comparison of scientific data, Hardness, ductility, Young modulus, cavitation resistance.
Thermal spray equipment to deposit 5 kg of tungsten carbide per hour, reaching a hardness of 950 HV300 in 3.75-4.0” internal diameters and over 1200 HV300 hardness in 4.5-5.0” internal diameters
IEEE-PSES Presentation: Don't Get Burned By Plasticsbbisenius
The use of Plastics in electrical products continues to grow. What started with circuit boards and transformer bobbins, now includes most enclosures and component bodies. New applications for plastics appear every day. Yet most engineers know little more than to ask for the UL flame rating.
To prevent getting “burned” during your compliance evaluations due to improperly specified plastics, it is important to know how to incorporate plastics into electrical products. We will discuss the core plastics requirements, material verification, differences between North American & International plastics standards, and the plastics tests. Perhaps even more importantly, we will discuss application specific plastics tests, how to avoid them, and how to prepare for them when they cannot be avoided.
This is a presentation intended for engineers and technicians who are involved with the design and/or compliance verification of products that incorporate plastics.
New paradigms for the design, manufacturing and operation of food processing and packaging equipment
3rd Presentation of Final Workshop
PARADIGM 1 DEMONSTRATOR ELEMENTS
Aimed at the rationalization of components and cost, increase of yield and of hygienic design
Bonding and Friction Stir Welding for the assembly of AISI 316 carpentry as alternatives to TIG welding
Project web site: http://www.npfp.it/en
TOPICS
WHAT IS UL?
– UL Standards
– UL Files for PFC Flexible Circuits
2. UL Tests for Flexible Circuit (FPC) boards
3. Summary of UL – Recognised types for PFC
4. Examples of UL – Recognised designation
UL Standards
UL 796 Standard for Printed Wiring Board
UL 796F Standard for Printed Wiring Board includes special classification for flexible printed wiring
UL 94 Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances
1) Melt Flow Index Tester -This instrument measures the rate of extrusion of Molten resins through a die of specified length and diameter under prescribed conditions of temperature, load, piston position.
SPECIFICATION
Instrument with following accessories will be supplied
Digital stop watch, Temp. Controller ( PID ), Piston, Orifice remove,
Barrel Cleaner, Orifice Cleaner,
Scoop, combined weight of 2.16 Kgs.. and 5.0 Kgs.
1. Max. Temp. Ambient to 300°C
2. Resolution : 0.10°C, Accuracy : + 0.20°C
Timer 0-99.9 min.
2) Izod Impact Tester-" Facility is provided for Computer Interface."
The resistance to breakage by flexural shock of plastics and Electrical insulating materials as indicated by the energy extracted from standardized pendulum type hammers mounted on standardized machines in breaking standard specimens with pendulum swing. The energy absorbed per unit of specimen width is reported in joules.
Cartridge Heaters – Specifications, Configuration and ApplicationsDeven Singh
Types of Cartridge Heaters, Applications of Cartridge Heater, Cartridge Heater based Assemblies, Performance Options of Cartridge Heaters, Standard Cartridge Heater Configuration and lead options of cartridge heaters.
We designed and manufactured Auto Insertion machine in Shenzhen China, and provide SMT equipments, spare parts services support.
Please email: jasonwu@smthelp.com
What are the effects of bending on synthetic fiber ropes and slings, and how do they differ from steel wire and round slings? Dennis and Brooks will address reduction factors and bending fatigue properties of fiber ropes in various lifting applications.
Moderator: Tony Fastuca, VP, Sales & Marketing, ASC Python America
Speakers: Brooks Nunley, Technical Sales & Key Account Manager, Cortland Company & Dennis Sherman, Technical Sales Manager-Crane, Samson Rope Technologies
The new frontier in industrial lubricant research: the silicone copolymers.molykotetl
Think that silicone lubricants have reached their limitations? Think again. Siloxanes are sometimes dismissed due to their lower load bearing capacity, but new research from Molykote® from Dow Corning proves that altering the molecular structure of pendant groups can bring about a whole range of new properties, and applications, for the trusted silicone lubricant.
This presentation, made to the 83rd NLGI annual meeting in June 2016, provides a detailed overview of the research, development, benefits and applications of a new range of copolymer siloxanes.
Combining the excellent wear and friction protection properties of fluorosiloxanes with the high onset oxidation temperature afforded by phenylsiloxanes, the phenyl-fluoro copolymer makes use of both pendant groups, in varying ratios, to provide a range of lubricants each with their own application benefits.
The lubricants are fully compatible with additives offering further wear resistance, and the potential for a range of product substrates, such as greases.
Need a silicone lubricant with excellent metal-metal application? They are already here.
Thermal spray equipment to deposit 5 kg of tungsten carbide per hour, reaching a hardness of 950 HV300 in 3.75-4.0” internal diameters and over 1200 HV300 hardness in 4.5-5.0” internal diameters
IEEE-PSES Presentation: Don't Get Burned By Plasticsbbisenius
The use of Plastics in electrical products continues to grow. What started with circuit boards and transformer bobbins, now includes most enclosures and component bodies. New applications for plastics appear every day. Yet most engineers know little more than to ask for the UL flame rating.
To prevent getting “burned” during your compliance evaluations due to improperly specified plastics, it is important to know how to incorporate plastics into electrical products. We will discuss the core plastics requirements, material verification, differences between North American & International plastics standards, and the plastics tests. Perhaps even more importantly, we will discuss application specific plastics tests, how to avoid them, and how to prepare for them when they cannot be avoided.
This is a presentation intended for engineers and technicians who are involved with the design and/or compliance verification of products that incorporate plastics.
New paradigms for the design, manufacturing and operation of food processing and packaging equipment
3rd Presentation of Final Workshop
PARADIGM 1 DEMONSTRATOR ELEMENTS
Aimed at the rationalization of components and cost, increase of yield and of hygienic design
Bonding and Friction Stir Welding for the assembly of AISI 316 carpentry as alternatives to TIG welding
Project web site: http://www.npfp.it/en
TOPICS
WHAT IS UL?
– UL Standards
– UL Files for PFC Flexible Circuits
2. UL Tests for Flexible Circuit (FPC) boards
3. Summary of UL – Recognised types for PFC
4. Examples of UL – Recognised designation
UL Standards
UL 796 Standard for Printed Wiring Board
UL 796F Standard for Printed Wiring Board includes special classification for flexible printed wiring
UL 94 Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances
1) Melt Flow Index Tester -This instrument measures the rate of extrusion of Molten resins through a die of specified length and diameter under prescribed conditions of temperature, load, piston position.
SPECIFICATION
Instrument with following accessories will be supplied
Digital stop watch, Temp. Controller ( PID ), Piston, Orifice remove,
Barrel Cleaner, Orifice Cleaner,
Scoop, combined weight of 2.16 Kgs.. and 5.0 Kgs.
1. Max. Temp. Ambient to 300°C
2. Resolution : 0.10°C, Accuracy : + 0.20°C
Timer 0-99.9 min.
2) Izod Impact Tester-" Facility is provided for Computer Interface."
The resistance to breakage by flexural shock of plastics and Electrical insulating materials as indicated by the energy extracted from standardized pendulum type hammers mounted on standardized machines in breaking standard specimens with pendulum swing. The energy absorbed per unit of specimen width is reported in joules.
Cartridge Heaters – Specifications, Configuration and ApplicationsDeven Singh
Types of Cartridge Heaters, Applications of Cartridge Heater, Cartridge Heater based Assemblies, Performance Options of Cartridge Heaters, Standard Cartridge Heater Configuration and lead options of cartridge heaters.
We designed and manufactured Auto Insertion machine in Shenzhen China, and provide SMT equipments, spare parts services support.
Please email: jasonwu@smthelp.com
What are the effects of bending on synthetic fiber ropes and slings, and how do they differ from steel wire and round slings? Dennis and Brooks will address reduction factors and bending fatigue properties of fiber ropes in various lifting applications.
Moderator: Tony Fastuca, VP, Sales & Marketing, ASC Python America
Speakers: Brooks Nunley, Technical Sales & Key Account Manager, Cortland Company & Dennis Sherman, Technical Sales Manager-Crane, Samson Rope Technologies
The new frontier in industrial lubricant research: the silicone copolymers.molykotetl
Think that silicone lubricants have reached their limitations? Think again. Siloxanes are sometimes dismissed due to their lower load bearing capacity, but new research from Molykote® from Dow Corning proves that altering the molecular structure of pendant groups can bring about a whole range of new properties, and applications, for the trusted silicone lubricant.
This presentation, made to the 83rd NLGI annual meeting in June 2016, provides a detailed overview of the research, development, benefits and applications of a new range of copolymer siloxanes.
Combining the excellent wear and friction protection properties of fluorosiloxanes with the high onset oxidation temperature afforded by phenylsiloxanes, the phenyl-fluoro copolymer makes use of both pendant groups, in varying ratios, to provide a range of lubricants each with their own application benefits.
The lubricants are fully compatible with additives offering further wear resistance, and the potential for a range of product substrates, such as greases.
Need a silicone lubricant with excellent metal-metal application? They are already here.
This is Part 1/5 of a comprehensive, onboarding training course for new distributors and sales reps. I big part of my role as International Sales Director was training distributors. These presentations were available on demand via the Dropbox account I curated. These presentations also contained videos I edited via iMovie.
AWgage-150 measures sheet resistance in ohms per square or milliohms per square. If specific resistivity is known, the thickness of the deposited film layer can be computed from the sheet resistance. The choice of measurement data is easily get in the software. AWgage-150 can accommodate 150mm (6″) wafers as well as the standard 2″, 3″,4″, 5″ wafers without any hardware change.
Allwin21 AWgage-150 Features:
30 years proven Eddy Sheet Resistance Measurement technologies.
Non-contact Sheet Resistance Measurement technologies.
1mΩ/square to 19,990 Ω/square measurement range capability
Touch Screen Monitor and PC w/ Advanced Allwin21 control software.
Wafer carriage travel programmed with internal encoder step motor , without encoder disk.
Consistent wafer-to-wafer process cycle repeatability.
Small footprint and energy efficiency.
Made in U.S.A.
Specifications:
Test Sights: Single center-point, 5-point, or 9-point.5-9
Highly Conductive or Metal Sheet Resistance:
1 to 1,999 mΩ/square
1 to 1,999 Ω/square
Or
10 to 19,990 Ω/square
Highly Conductive or Metal Film ThicknessMinimum: 100 ÅngströmMaximum: Proportional to resistivity. Maximum for a resistivity of 2.7 mW-cm is 270 kÅ (27 mm
LC-IR Hyphenated Technology For Excipient Analysis-FDA USP Seminars-1-13-2010mzhou45
Presentation slides for FDA / USP seminars given in Jan. 2010 about LC-IR hyphenated technology for excipient characterization, degradation/stabiltiy analysis and deformulation.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
When stars align: studies in data quality, knowledge graphs, and machine lear...
Thermal spray acoustic emission monitoring
1. Application of acoustic emission for monitoring
the HVOF thermal spraying process
N. H. Faisal, J. A. Steel, R. Ahmed, R. L. Reuben, G. Heaton
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University
Edinburgh, UK, Email: N.H.Faisal@gmail.com
B. Allcock
Monitor Coatings Ltd.
Tyne & Wear, UK
27th European Working Group on Acoustic Emission (EWGAE)
21st September 2006, Cardiff, UK
2. Presentation Structure
• Introduction Aerospace/Turbine
– What is HVOF Thermal Spray Coatings / Applications?
– Why AE Monitoring during Thermal Spraying?
– Quality Control issues in Thermal Spray Coatings
www.ntu.sg
• Experimental Systems and Techniques
Bio-medical/Knee, Hip, Elbow joints
Bio-medical/Knee, Hip, Elbow
• Results
www.bekaert.com
– AE Signal Characteristics
– Development of Kinematic Model of Particle Impact
– Influence of Continuous Multi-layer Thermal Spraying
Multi-
Electronics/Heat sink
• Summary, Conclusions and Future Work
HVOF Spray gun Plasma Spray gun
www.monitorcoatings.co.uk
www.monitorcoatings.co.uk
www.twi.co.uk
Thermal Spray: Industries / Applications
3. HVOF Thermal Spray (TS) Coatings
What is HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen-Fuel) Thermal Spraying process
Coating Flame tempe: Powders velocity: HVOF Thermal
substrate 3000-5000˚C 600-800m/s Spraying system
Spray spot
~ 9-12mm Gas velocity:
AE monitoring system Splat cooling rate: Particle Temp: HVOF nozzle/gun
1500-2000m/s
100-600K/µs 1500-2000˚C
HVOF Coating chamber TAFA JP-5000
Monitor Coatings Ltd. UK
Sources of AE:
• Particle impact
(Kinetic energy / Strain energy released)
• Thermal mismatch, Cracks in layers Noise level in coating chamber ~
• Coating chamber reverberation (noise) 123dB ~ Jet-Engine take-off noise
Why AE monitoring during TS?
WC-10Co-4Cr Powders
• It addresses core technological issues:
Quantifies the partially melted powder particle
landing behaviour & phase changes during
spraying & cooling process – Fundamental to
coatings strength determination
• Monitors quality during the coating formation
• Added advantage over existing quality control
Single WC-10Co-4Cr particle splat After spraying/Partially melted techniques
4. Quality Control issues in TS Coatings
Existing Off-line Techniques (post-spraying process)
Off- post-
e.g., Mechanical Testing procedures: It Requires
‘TEST COUPONS’ (e.g. for Bending, Indentation, Tensile, Bending test
Adhesion, Fatigue, Wear, Thermal Cycling tests)
Existing On-line Techniques (post-spraying process)
On- post-
e.g., Non-Destructive Testing procedures: Ultrasonic,
Radiographic, Electromagnetic, Liquid penetrant, Magnetic
particle, 4-point bending test + AE, Indentation test + AE
There is no ‘on-line’ coatings quality monitoring (i.e., DURING
SPRAYING) available which can quantify the splat landing
behaviour and which can measure the cohesive & adhesive
strengths on ACTUAL COMPONENTS
5. Thermal Spraying / AE measurement
PAC, Micro-80D: Broadband PZT
sensor (0.1-1.0 MHz), Rf = 332kHz
(A) HVOF
System Pre-amplifier: PAC-1220A
Using Slit/mask
TAFA Pre-amp at 40/60 dB,
slit HVOF JP-5000 Gain at SCU = 0 dB
nozzle/gun
12 bit NI, PCI-6115 DAQ, and AE
4-channel system; Sampling rate
2.5MHz/2 sec
CPU, Computer & AE system
(B)
Without Substrate
slit Holder
Coating chamber
Masking-sheet/Substrate Masking-sheet-substrate-
set-up sample holder set-up Masking-sheet (slits) Coating substrate Coating chamber HVOF System,
7. AE Signal Characteristics (Background noise)
I. AE signal during flame spraying only beside slit-substrate without powder
no p owderbesidesample010000.bin -8 Frequency domain:
Coating substrate 0.2 x 10 no powder beside sample010000.bin
8
5, 50, 100, 140kHz
Power spectral density
0.1 6
Ampliture (V)
Coating chamber
0 4 Noise level
-0.1 2
Masking-sheet (slits) -0.2 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 5 10 15
Time (s) Frequency (Hz) 5
x 10
II. AE signal during flame and powder spraying beside slit-substrate
powderbesidesample010000.bin -8 Frequency domain:
Coating substrate x 10
0.2 4 powder beside sample010000.bin
5, 50, 100, 140kHz
Power spectral density
0.1 3
Ampliture (V)
0 2 Coating chamber
Noise level
-0.1 1
Masking-sheet (slits) -0.2 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 5 10 15
Time (s) Frequency (Hz) 5
x 10
III. AE signal during flame spraying only on substrate without powder
flamep ass010000.bin -8 Frequency domain:
x 10 flame pass010000.bin
Coating substrate 0.2 4
5, 50, 100, 140kHz
Power spectral density
0.1 3
Ampliture (V)
0 2 Coating chamber
Noise level
-0.1 1
-0.2 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 5 10 15
Time (s) Frequency (Hz) 5
x 10
8. AE Signal Characteristics
IV. AE signal during full spraying (both flame and powder) at standard spraying pressure P-1
Gun speed: 500mm/sec
Masking-sheet (slit A),
3mm width, 10mm height No. of Slits: 14
Substrate:
Coatings through slit-A
500mm
-7 Frequency domain: hvof12010000.bin
x 10
1.5
5-100kHz (BNG)
SNR ~ 3 to 4 100-200kHz
Power spectral density
300-400kHz
550-650kHz
1 750-850kHz
0.5
BGN
0
0 5 10 15
Frequency (Hz) 5
x 10
9. Development of Kinematic Model (particle impact)
Effective Spraying Area = (1/2) . [R2 {2 (θ-δ) - (Sin 2θ-Sin 2δ)}] = Curve3
Gun Speed, Vg
Phase difference & Area distribution
(3mm slit, 250mm/sec)
Edge-
Edge-1 Edge-2
Edge-
70
Curve1 (Edge-1) area(theta)
60 D D’
area(delta)
50 Slit width, y
Area [mm^2]
effective area
40 Curve3 = [Curve1-Curve2]
D 30
x1 D’ x2
20 Curve2 (Edge-2)
10
Slit centre
0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
T ime [sec]
Are a distribution (3m m slit, 250m m /se c gun
spe e d)
50
area
40
Curve3 = effective
30
Area
spraying area
20
x1 x2
10
0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
x1 time [sec] x2
10. Kinematic Model of Particle Impact
K.E of powder particles making impact through effective area is, E
= [(1/2).M.V.V];
hvof11010000.bin E = (1/2) . [N. mp].(R.R/2). [2 (θ-δ) – (Sin 2θ-Sin 2δ)] .V.V
(a)
1 (b) (c) where V is the velocity of sprayed particle
SNR ~ 3 to 4
0.5 Experimental Area Theoretical Area
Theoretical energy [kg.m^2/s^2] per slit
Experimental AE energy [V.s] per slit
Time length = 0.052sec
6000 450
Ampliture (V)
Slit-A: 3mm 400
5000 Slit-B: 2mm
Slit-A: 3mm
Slit-C: 1mm 350 Slit-B: 2mm
Slit-D: 0.5mm
0 4000 300 Slit-C: 1mm
Slit-D: 0.5mm
250
3000
200
2000 150
-0.5 1000
100
50
0 0
0 250 500 750 1000 0 250 500 750 1000
3mm slit width, 250mm/sec gun speed HVOF gun transverse speed [mm/sec] HVOF gun transverse speed [mm/sec]
-1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Time (s)
0.6
Kinetic Energy distribution [Kg.m2.s-2]
KE (Slit width: 3mm; Gun Speed: 250mm/sec )
20000
0.4
15000
Ampliture (V)
0.2
Theoretical
10000
0
5000
-0.2
-0.4 0
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
Smoothed signal Time of spray gun transversing the slit [seconds]
0.05 0.1 0.15
Time (s)
Experimental Theoretical
11. AE Monitoring During Multilayer Thermal
Transverse Gun Speed
Spraying (without masking slit) Coating builds-up
(cross-section)
Theoretical
spray-spot
~ 9-12mm
Centre-line
Actual
spray-spot
~ 18mm
Actual spray-spot is greater
www.thermalspray.ws than theoretical spray-spot
due to fanning of spray
AE system
12. Influence of Continuous Multilayer
Thermal Spraying
0.00016 AE energy (a.u.)
AE sensor location
AE energy (a.u.) per unit time
0.00014
0.00012
AE sensor location (centre-backside)
0.00010
0.00008
Gun Speed
0.00006
200mm/sec
0.00004
0.00002 1 2 3 4 5 Layers
0.00000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
No. of data files
-7 Frequency domain: A1010000.sgl
1
A1010000.sgl x 10 [time for 1 data file = 0.004 sec]
5
A1010025.sgl -7 Frequency domain: A1010025.sgl
x 10
1 6
Power spectral density
0.5 4
SNR ~ 4
Ampliture (V)
Power spectral density
3 0.5 Frequency
4 340, 590 & 800kHz
Ampliture (V)
0
2
0
-0.5 Chamber Noise ~ 0.15V 1 2
-0.5
-1 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3
Time (s) -3 Frequency (Hz)
-1 6 0
x 10 0 1 x 10 2 3 4 0 1 2 3
Time (s) -3 Frequency (Hz) 6
x 10 x 10
13. Summary
SprAE Monitoring Block Diagram
(Open loop system)
Thermal Spray particle impact
Multilayer Spraying Spraying through slits
AE Signal Thermal Spraying system AE Signal
SprAE monitoring system
Amplitude, Frequency,
Thermal Spray Event (N), Energy (E),
AE Energy Event duration (T)
Process Parameter
distribution Event rate (N/T),
Monitoring Energy rate (E/T)
14. Conclusions
• AE monitoring system developed; High Signal-to-Noise Ratio (3-4) has
Signal-to- (3-
been measured during HVOF
• As gun speed increases values of AE parameters fall through slits
• AE energy increases as the number of layers increase
• Kinematic model has been developed
• Other techniques: Plasma, Detonation and Cold spray coating / AE
Plasma,
Future work • Future experimentation (DOE / Taguchi’s technique) / AE
• Development of post spraying AE tests / Identifying coating
Thermal Spraying system strengths
• Development of Control process during Thermal Spraying / AE
Close loop system • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis / AE signal
distribution
? • Thermal Spray Nozzle wear rate monitoring using AE
Nozzle
SprAE monitoring SprAE control system
system