Thermal radiation and surface radiation are discussed. Every object emits thermal radiation depending on its temperature, with hotter objects emitting more radiation. Surfaces can emit and absorb radiation. Dull black surfaces are good absorbers and emitters of radiation, while shiny surfaces reduce absorption and emission, explaining why car radiators are black and thermal blankets have shiny exteriors. The greenhouse effect occurs when gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere trap the Earth's outgoing infrared radiation, warming the planet's surface.

1. Energy and Energy ResourcesTo day we are going to learn about ;Thermal radiation and surface radiation

2. Starter ActivityWhat is Energy?Identify the forms of energy from the photographs.

3. What is another name for heat energy?

4. Energy and Forms of EnergyEnergy is ability to do work.The unit of energy is Joule(J)Forms of energy; Light energy, Heat energy, Electrical energy, Sound energy, Kinetic energy, Potential energy (Gravitational or Elastic) and Chemical energy.

5. Lesson ObjectivesBy the end of the lesson pupils should know that;objects give off thermal radiations depending on the temperature of an object.surfaces emit and absorb radiations.

6. The Key WordsThermal Radiation, Conduction, Convection, Green house effect, Electromagnetic spectrum, Wave length, Gammer rays, infrared, ultraviolet rays, visible light, X-ray, radio wave,

7. Activity 2In pairs; Discuss how heat energies is transferred in A, B and C in the above diagram

8. Activity 3In groups of three; Discuss why the body of the above animals are showing different colours .

9. Thermal Radiation Every objects gives out (emits) different amounts of thermal radiation depending on their temperature and their surface .The hotter an object, the more thermal radiation it emits (e.g Sun ).The red part on the animals indicate that area has more heat ( the region is richly supplied with blood).The blue parts of the animal indicate that the area is cold (has less heat)

10. Activity 4(4 minutes Task)Turn to page 229 and read Energy from the Sun.Using information from the page above, discuss the following in pairs;1. How does heat energy from the sun reach us on earth?2. What happens to most of the radiations in the Earth’s atmosphere?

11. Heat Energy from the SunThe sun emits radiation in form electromagnetic waves.Earth’s atmosphere blocks most of the radiation, such as ultraviolet rays.But it doesn’t block thermal radiation.

12. Green House Effect What is green house effect?

13. The warming of the Earth by its atmosphere is called the greenhouse effect.Without its atmosphere, the Earth temperature would be -18 degree Celsius.

14. Green house effect.The Earth’s atmosphere acts like a greenhouse made of glass.In a green house , shorter wavelengths radiation from the sun can pass through the glass.Longer wavelength thermal radiation is trapped inside by the glass, making the greenhouse warm.

15. Activity 5Question and Answer1. What are the green house gases ?2. And how do they cause green house effect?

16. Examples of Greenhouse gases1. Carbon dioxide2. Methane3. Water vapourThese gases absorbs the Earth’s infrared radiation

17. Surfaces and RadiationLook at the pictures below and in pairs;Discussed why the thermal blanket and fire suit have shiny outer surface and the car radiator is painted black?Thermal BlanketFire ManCar Radiator

18. Surfaces and RadiationDull black surface loses energy more quickly; its a good radiator and good absorber. It takes in and give out a lot of radiation. That’s why car radiators and motor bike engine are painted black in colour.The shiny surfaces reduces radiation (and convection and evaporation). It is a poor radiator and poor absorber. That’s why the thermal blankets and fire suit have shiny outer surfaces.

19. Plenary