There are 7 stages in Software Development LifeCycle. Coming to SDLC it is a standaed method
to develop software step by step. It serves as a blue print to design software.
The stages help to design a software,the most important thing is to take security measures while
buidling itself because post production if we need to change anything it takes lot of money and
time.
Stage 1: Planning:
It is advised to address common threats and vulnerabilities that can come in the scope of the
project and plan accordingly beforehand. Most important theats to be addressed in this stage are
legal and compliance risks,process gaps etc.
Stage 2: Requirements and analysis:
Taking decisions about the selection of the favourable framworks,softwares.languages is very
crucial. Carefully analyze the vulnerabilities in the frameworks,languages,softwares that can be
used for your project and select one which has minimum threats. your team must be up-to-date
with software security standards to reduce insecure design and development practices. Business
security executive signs the full document and checks whether all the legal threats are
minimized.
Stage-3: Architecture and Design:
Design flaws if not properly identified beforehand can cause major threats to the whole project
and are very tough to repair. Use architecture risk analysis and other standard modeling
fundamental models to do threat modeling. these two can detect the design flaws. There are
many people working for the project in many roles so a nice technique is to document role
specific security training which can help the project to analyze threats accurately.
Stage-4: Development:
this phase is the most crucial phase of the project because it takes most of our time and
resources.By adhering to standard coding standards we can be safe against common threats. One
most important thing in this phase is the code reviews. Generally code is reviewed from time to
time by trained experts to verify it against all vulnerabilities, but by using ongoing reviewing, ie
the code is reviewed constantly because by reviewing the code during long intervals it is difficult
for us to eliminate the problems in the code and the problem is embedded into the code deeply.
Stage-5 :Testing:
In this phase the bugs which the developers have overlooked are targetted. Specific testing tools
are used which subject the code to multiple verifications and look for bugs.Static and dynamic
testing tools are used to check the working of the code is real time scenarios.Penetration tests are
very powerful tests which can identify the authorize attacks,input handling,security posture etc.
Stage-6: Deployment/implementation:
In the deployment phase we need to take care such that the consumer gets all the prerequisite
information he needs.The detail plan of the environment where the product works,configuration
details,launch details must be properly addressed.It is also advised to lauch a standard Q and A
where the standard possible doubts the use.
Mostly people ask what is system development life cycle so, you can read the 7 stages of system development life cycle step by step from IPHS Technologies
Mostly people ask what is system development life cycle so, you can read the 7 stages of system development life cycle step by step from IPHS Technologies
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Analysis and Design of Algorithms (ADA): An In-depth Exploration
Introduction:
The field of computer science is heavily reliant on algorithms to solve complex problems efficiently. The analysis and design of algorithms (ADA) is a fundamental area of study that focuses on understanding and creating efficient algorithms. This comprehensive overview will delve into the various aspects of ADA, including its importance, key concepts, techniques, and applications.
Importance of ADA:
Efficient algorithms play a critical role in various domains, including software development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and optimization. ADA provides the tools and techniques necessary to design algorithms that are both correct and efficient. By analyzing the performance characteristics of algorithms, ADA enables computer scientists and engineers to develop solutions that save time, resources, and computational power.
Key Concepts in ADA:
Correctness: ADA emphasizes the importance of designing algorithms that produce correct outputs for all possible inputs. Techniques like mathematical proofs and induction are used to establish the correctness of algorithms.
Complexity Analysis: ADA seeks to analyze the efficiency of algorithms by examining their time and space complexity. Time complexity measures the amount of time required by an algorithm to execute, while space complexity measures the amount of memory consumed.
Asymptotic Notations: ADA employs asymptotic notations, such as Big O, Omega, and Theta, to express the growth rates of functions and classify the efficiency of algorithms. These notations allow for a concise comparison of algorithmic performance.
Algorithm Design Paradigms: ADA explores various design paradigms, including divide and conquer, dynamic programming, greedy algorithms, and backtracking. Each paradigm offers a systematic approach to solving problems efficiently.
Techniques in ADA:
Divide and Conquer: This technique involves breaking down a problem into smaller subproblems, solving them independently, and combining the solutions to obtain the final result. Well-known algorithms like Merge Sort and Quick Sort utilize the divide and conquer approach.
Dynamic Programming: Dynamic programming breaks down a complex problem into a series of overlapping subproblems and solves them in a bottom-up manner. This technique optimizes efficiency by storing and reusing intermediate results. The Fibonacci sequence calculation is a classic example of dynamic programming.
Greedy Algorithms: Greedy algorithms make locally optimal choices at each step, with the hope of achieving a global optimal solution. These algorithms are efficient but may not always yield the best overall solution. The Huffman coding algorithm for data compression is a widely used example of a greedy algorithm.
Backtracking: Backtracking involves searching for a solution to a problem by incrementally building a solution and undoing the choices that lead to dead-ends.
Systems Development Life Cycle(SDLC) is the step by step process whi.pdfaniyathikitchen
Systems Development Life Cycle(SDLC) is the step by step process which we are following to
complete software project that includes development and testing.
There are 6 different phases available in SDLC.
1.Requirements
2.Analysis
3.System Design
4.System Implementation / Coding
5.System Testing and Integration
6.Release or System maintenance
1.Requirements:
This is the first phase in SDLC,once the project has been confirmed between client and company
will provide directly requirements to the company BA team.
Defining the problems,adjectives such as resources and personal costs.
Studying the ability of providing alternative solutions after meeting with clients,suppliers,c
consultants and employees.
After analyzing this you have a three choices i.e. develop a new system,improve the current
system/project or leave a system.
2.System Analysis:
End users requirements should be determined and documented,what their expectations are there
for the system,and how it will perform.
It was very important to maintain strong communication level with the clients to make sure you
have a clear vision of a product.
3.System Design:
In this phase defines the elements of a system,the components,the security levels and the
modules,architecture and different interfaces.
In this design phase high level and low level designers will design system process.
4.System Implementation / Coding :
In this phase development team will involving to write the actual coding functional modules.
In this phase system is ready to be deployed and installed customer premises.
Training will be given end users depends upon the project
5.System testing and Integration testing
During this phase testing team involved to ensures customer satisfaction and it will no required
coding knowledge.
Testing team performed real users it was systematic process in testing and done the integration
testing and automation testing if required.
6.Release and system maintenance:
During this phase technical team will be involving delay the application into production
environment.
Technical team and testing team will be involving to provide support to client while using
application production.
In the above question is that critical activity may include the coding of the application as per
client requirement is very difficult and gathering the requirements from the client also very
effecient task in SDLC process.
My position include coding of a project and in that project client need the minimum 3 months of
time for deploying the application into the production then our manager and team lead will
mainly focus on the developer in the project.
If we develop project then the testing team will find the errors and then that errors we will again
rectify and where that bugs are impacting we will find.
B.
In project we are following the agile methodology.this will includes the following
Customer satisfaction by rapid delivery of useful software
Welcome changing requirements,e Ben late in development
Working software is .
Introduction: What is software engineering? Software Development Life Cycle, Requirements Analysis, Software Design, Coding, Testing, Maintenance etc.
Software Requirements: Functional and Non-functional requirements, User Requirements, System Requirements, Documentation of the software requirements.
Software Processes:
Process and Project, Component Software Processes.
Software Development Process Models.
Waterfall Model. Prototyping.
Iterative Development.
The RAD Model
AppSec How-To: Achieving Security in DevOpsCheckmarx
How do you integrate security within a Continuous Deployment (CD) environment, where every 5 minutes a feature, an enhancement, or a bug fix needs to be released? Find out in this Checkmarx How-To Paper.
Comprehensive Guide on Software Development Process.pdfSmith Daniel
This is a comprehensive guide to the software development process. You’ll learn how to choose a technology stack, the best development models, and more.
11 steps of testing process - By Harshil BarotHarshil Barot
11 Steps of The Software Testing Process.Software Testing Process is a Find out the Maximum Bugs and Errors From the Software or Product and Make the Software
Bugs or Error Free.(Bugs/Errors/Defects).
We will be making 4 classes Main - for testing the code Hi.pdfanithareadymade
/*
We will be making 4 classes:
Main - for testing the code
HighscoreManager - to manage the high-scores
HighscoreComparator - I will explain this when we get there
Score - also this I will explain later
all this classes will be in the package \"highscores\"/*
//The Score Class
package highscores;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Score implements Serializable {
private int score;
private String naam;
public int getScore() {
return score;
}
public String getNaam() {
return naam;
}
public Score(String naam, int score) {
this.score = score;
this.naam = naam;
}
}/*This class makes us able to make an object (an arraylist in our case) of the type Score that
contains the name and score of a player.
We implement serializable to be able to sort this type./*
//The ScoreComparator Class
package highscores;
import java.util.Comparator;
public class ScoreComparator implements Comparator {
public int compare(Score score1, Score score2) {
int sc1 = score1.getScore();
int sc2 = score2.getScore();
if (sc1 > sc2){
return -1;
}else if (sc1 < sc2){
return +1;
}else{
return 0;
}
}
}
/*This class is used to tell Java how it needs to compare 2 objects of the type score.
-1 means the first score is greater than the 2nd one, +1 (or you can just put 1) means it\'s smaller
and 0 means it\'s equal./*
//The HighscoreManager Class
/*First we will be making the HighscoreManager Class, this class will do the most important part
of the high-score system.
We will be using this as our base for the class:/*
package highscores;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
public class HighscoreManager {
// An arraylist of the type \"score\" we will use to work with the scores inside the class
private ArrayList scores;
// The name of the file where the highscores will be saved
private static final String HIGHSCORE_FILE = \"scores.dat\";
//Initialising an in and outputStream for working with the file
ObjectOutputStream outputStream = null;
ObjectInputStream inputStream = null;
public HighscoreManager() {
//initialising the scores-arraylist
scores = new ArrayList();
}
}
/*I have added comments to explain what\'s already in the class.
We will be using a binary file to keep the high-scores in, this will avoid cheating.
To work with the scores we will use an arraylist. An arraylist is one of the great things that java
has and it\'s much better to use in this case than a regular array.
Now we will add some methods and functions./*
public ArrayList getScores() {
loadScoreFile();
sort();
return scores;
}
/*This is a function that will return an arraylist with the scores in it. It contains calls to the
function loadScoreFile() and sort(), these functions will make sure you have the scores from your
high-score file in a sorted order. We will be writing these functions later on./*
private void sort() {
ScoreComparator comparator = new ScoreComparator();
Collections.sort(scores, comparator);
}
/*This function will create a new object \"comparator\" from the class ScoreComparator.
the Colle.
#include stdio.hint main() { int count; FILE myFi.pdfanithareadymade
#include
int main()
{
int count;
FILE *myFile;
myFile = fopen(\"input.txt\",\"r\");
long numbers[8];
int i;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
fscanf(myFile,\"%ld\",&numbers[i]);
}
for (i=0;i<8;i++)
{
printf(\"Number is: %ld\ \ \", numbers[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
count=0; //initialize count=0 for every integer
while(numbers[i]!=0)
{
numbers[i] /= 10; // number[i] = number[i]/10
++count;
}
printf(\"Number of digits in numbers[%d] is %d\ \",i,count);
}
return 0;
}
Output
Number is: 7
Number is: 7
Number is: 5
Number is: 6
Number
is:7
Number is:
43
Number is:
444
Number is:
8
Number of digits in numbers[0]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[1]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[2]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[3]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[4]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[5]
is 2
Number of digits in numbers[6]
is 3
Number of digits in numbers[7] is 1
Solution
#include
int main()
{
int count;
FILE *myFile;
myFile = fopen(\"input.txt\",\"r\");
long numbers[8];
int i;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
fscanf(myFile,\"%ld\",&numbers[i]);
}
for (i=0;i<8;i++)
{
printf(\"Number is: %ld\ \ \", numbers[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
count=0; //initialize count=0 for every integer
while(numbers[i]!=0)
{
numbers[i] /= 10; // number[i] = number[i]/10
++count;
}
printf(\"Number of digits in numbers[%d] is %d\ \",i,count);
}
return 0;
}
Output
Number is: 7
Number is: 7
Number is: 5
Number is: 6
Number
is:7
Number is:
43
Number is:
444
Number is:
8
Number of digits in numbers[0]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[1]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[2]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[3]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[4]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[5]
is 2
Number of digits in numbers[6]
is 3
Number of digits in numbers[7] is 1.
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Analysis and Design of Algorithms (ADA): An In-depth Exploration
Introduction:
The field of computer science is heavily reliant on algorithms to solve complex problems efficiently. The analysis and design of algorithms (ADA) is a fundamental area of study that focuses on understanding and creating efficient algorithms. This comprehensive overview will delve into the various aspects of ADA, including its importance, key concepts, techniques, and applications.
Importance of ADA:
Efficient algorithms play a critical role in various domains, including software development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and optimization. ADA provides the tools and techniques necessary to design algorithms that are both correct and efficient. By analyzing the performance characteristics of algorithms, ADA enables computer scientists and engineers to develop solutions that save time, resources, and computational power.
Key Concepts in ADA:
Correctness: ADA emphasizes the importance of designing algorithms that produce correct outputs for all possible inputs. Techniques like mathematical proofs and induction are used to establish the correctness of algorithms.
Complexity Analysis: ADA seeks to analyze the efficiency of algorithms by examining their time and space complexity. Time complexity measures the amount of time required by an algorithm to execute, while space complexity measures the amount of memory consumed.
Asymptotic Notations: ADA employs asymptotic notations, such as Big O, Omega, and Theta, to express the growth rates of functions and classify the efficiency of algorithms. These notations allow for a concise comparison of algorithmic performance.
Algorithm Design Paradigms: ADA explores various design paradigms, including divide and conquer, dynamic programming, greedy algorithms, and backtracking. Each paradigm offers a systematic approach to solving problems efficiently.
Techniques in ADA:
Divide and Conquer: This technique involves breaking down a problem into smaller subproblems, solving them independently, and combining the solutions to obtain the final result. Well-known algorithms like Merge Sort and Quick Sort utilize the divide and conquer approach.
Dynamic Programming: Dynamic programming breaks down a complex problem into a series of overlapping subproblems and solves them in a bottom-up manner. This technique optimizes efficiency by storing and reusing intermediate results. The Fibonacci sequence calculation is a classic example of dynamic programming.
Greedy Algorithms: Greedy algorithms make locally optimal choices at each step, with the hope of achieving a global optimal solution. These algorithms are efficient but may not always yield the best overall solution. The Huffman coding algorithm for data compression is a widely used example of a greedy algorithm.
Backtracking: Backtracking involves searching for a solution to a problem by incrementally building a solution and undoing the choices that lead to dead-ends.
Systems Development Life Cycle(SDLC) is the step by step process whi.pdfaniyathikitchen
Systems Development Life Cycle(SDLC) is the step by step process which we are following to
complete software project that includes development and testing.
There are 6 different phases available in SDLC.
1.Requirements
2.Analysis
3.System Design
4.System Implementation / Coding
5.System Testing and Integration
6.Release or System maintenance
1.Requirements:
This is the first phase in SDLC,once the project has been confirmed between client and company
will provide directly requirements to the company BA team.
Defining the problems,adjectives such as resources and personal costs.
Studying the ability of providing alternative solutions after meeting with clients,suppliers,c
consultants and employees.
After analyzing this you have a three choices i.e. develop a new system,improve the current
system/project or leave a system.
2.System Analysis:
End users requirements should be determined and documented,what their expectations are there
for the system,and how it will perform.
It was very important to maintain strong communication level with the clients to make sure you
have a clear vision of a product.
3.System Design:
In this phase defines the elements of a system,the components,the security levels and the
modules,architecture and different interfaces.
In this design phase high level and low level designers will design system process.
4.System Implementation / Coding :
In this phase development team will involving to write the actual coding functional modules.
In this phase system is ready to be deployed and installed customer premises.
Training will be given end users depends upon the project
5.System testing and Integration testing
During this phase testing team involved to ensures customer satisfaction and it will no required
coding knowledge.
Testing team performed real users it was systematic process in testing and done the integration
testing and automation testing if required.
6.Release and system maintenance:
During this phase technical team will be involving delay the application into production
environment.
Technical team and testing team will be involving to provide support to client while using
application production.
In the above question is that critical activity may include the coding of the application as per
client requirement is very difficult and gathering the requirements from the client also very
effecient task in SDLC process.
My position include coding of a project and in that project client need the minimum 3 months of
time for deploying the application into the production then our manager and team lead will
mainly focus on the developer in the project.
If we develop project then the testing team will find the errors and then that errors we will again
rectify and where that bugs are impacting we will find.
B.
In project we are following the agile methodology.this will includes the following
Customer satisfaction by rapid delivery of useful software
Welcome changing requirements,e Ben late in development
Working software is .
Introduction: What is software engineering? Software Development Life Cycle, Requirements Analysis, Software Design, Coding, Testing, Maintenance etc.
Software Requirements: Functional and Non-functional requirements, User Requirements, System Requirements, Documentation of the software requirements.
Software Processes:
Process and Project, Component Software Processes.
Software Development Process Models.
Waterfall Model. Prototyping.
Iterative Development.
The RAD Model
AppSec How-To: Achieving Security in DevOpsCheckmarx
How do you integrate security within a Continuous Deployment (CD) environment, where every 5 minutes a feature, an enhancement, or a bug fix needs to be released? Find out in this Checkmarx How-To Paper.
Comprehensive Guide on Software Development Process.pdfSmith Daniel
This is a comprehensive guide to the software development process. You’ll learn how to choose a technology stack, the best development models, and more.
11 steps of testing process - By Harshil BarotHarshil Barot
11 Steps of The Software Testing Process.Software Testing Process is a Find out the Maximum Bugs and Errors From the Software or Product and Make the Software
Bugs or Error Free.(Bugs/Errors/Defects).
We will be making 4 classes Main - for testing the code Hi.pdfanithareadymade
/*
We will be making 4 classes:
Main - for testing the code
HighscoreManager - to manage the high-scores
HighscoreComparator - I will explain this when we get there
Score - also this I will explain later
all this classes will be in the package \"highscores\"/*
//The Score Class
package highscores;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Score implements Serializable {
private int score;
private String naam;
public int getScore() {
return score;
}
public String getNaam() {
return naam;
}
public Score(String naam, int score) {
this.score = score;
this.naam = naam;
}
}/*This class makes us able to make an object (an arraylist in our case) of the type Score that
contains the name and score of a player.
We implement serializable to be able to sort this type./*
//The ScoreComparator Class
package highscores;
import java.util.Comparator;
public class ScoreComparator implements Comparator {
public int compare(Score score1, Score score2) {
int sc1 = score1.getScore();
int sc2 = score2.getScore();
if (sc1 > sc2){
return -1;
}else if (sc1 < sc2){
return +1;
}else{
return 0;
}
}
}
/*This class is used to tell Java how it needs to compare 2 objects of the type score.
-1 means the first score is greater than the 2nd one, +1 (or you can just put 1) means it\'s smaller
and 0 means it\'s equal./*
//The HighscoreManager Class
/*First we will be making the HighscoreManager Class, this class will do the most important part
of the high-score system.
We will be using this as our base for the class:/*
package highscores;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
public class HighscoreManager {
// An arraylist of the type \"score\" we will use to work with the scores inside the class
private ArrayList scores;
// The name of the file where the highscores will be saved
private static final String HIGHSCORE_FILE = \"scores.dat\";
//Initialising an in and outputStream for working with the file
ObjectOutputStream outputStream = null;
ObjectInputStream inputStream = null;
public HighscoreManager() {
//initialising the scores-arraylist
scores = new ArrayList();
}
}
/*I have added comments to explain what\'s already in the class.
We will be using a binary file to keep the high-scores in, this will avoid cheating.
To work with the scores we will use an arraylist. An arraylist is one of the great things that java
has and it\'s much better to use in this case than a regular array.
Now we will add some methods and functions./*
public ArrayList getScores() {
loadScoreFile();
sort();
return scores;
}
/*This is a function that will return an arraylist with the scores in it. It contains calls to the
function loadScoreFile() and sort(), these functions will make sure you have the scores from your
high-score file in a sorted order. We will be writing these functions later on./*
private void sort() {
ScoreComparator comparator = new ScoreComparator();
Collections.sort(scores, comparator);
}
/*This function will create a new object \"comparator\" from the class ScoreComparator.
the Colle.
#include stdio.hint main() { int count; FILE myFi.pdfanithareadymade
#include
int main()
{
int count;
FILE *myFile;
myFile = fopen(\"input.txt\",\"r\");
long numbers[8];
int i;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
fscanf(myFile,\"%ld\",&numbers[i]);
}
for (i=0;i<8;i++)
{
printf(\"Number is: %ld\ \ \", numbers[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
count=0; //initialize count=0 for every integer
while(numbers[i]!=0)
{
numbers[i] /= 10; // number[i] = number[i]/10
++count;
}
printf(\"Number of digits in numbers[%d] is %d\ \",i,count);
}
return 0;
}
Output
Number is: 7
Number is: 7
Number is: 5
Number is: 6
Number
is:7
Number is:
43
Number is:
444
Number is:
8
Number of digits in numbers[0]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[1]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[2]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[3]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[4]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[5]
is 2
Number of digits in numbers[6]
is 3
Number of digits in numbers[7] is 1
Solution
#include
int main()
{
int count;
FILE *myFile;
myFile = fopen(\"input.txt\",\"r\");
long numbers[8];
int i;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
fscanf(myFile,\"%ld\",&numbers[i]);
}
for (i=0;i<8;i++)
{
printf(\"Number is: %ld\ \ \", numbers[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
count=0; //initialize count=0 for every integer
while(numbers[i]!=0)
{
numbers[i] /= 10; // number[i] = number[i]/10
++count;
}
printf(\"Number of digits in numbers[%d] is %d\ \",i,count);
}
return 0;
}
Output
Number is: 7
Number is: 7
Number is: 5
Number is: 6
Number
is:7
Number is:
43
Number is:
444
Number is:
8
Number of digits in numbers[0]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[1]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[2]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[3]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[4]
is 1
Number of digits in numbers[5]
is 2
Number of digits in numbers[6]
is 3
Number of digits in numbers[7] is 1.
ITs both by the way... it depends on the situatio.pdfanithareadymade
ITs both by the way... it depends on the situation... is at +3 oxidation state and can
go to +1 or 0; or to +5.
Solution
ITs both by the way... it depends on the situation... is at +3 oxidation state and can
go to +1 or 0; or to +5..
I believe you are correct. The phase transfer cat.pdfanithareadymade
I believe you are correct. The phase transfer catalyst aids in the solubility of
inorganic layer with organic layer. By adding sodium ions you are \"filling up\" the aqueous
solution with ions which forces the quarternary ammonium salt back into the organic layer.
Solution
I believe you are correct. The phase transfer catalyst aids in the solubility of
inorganic layer with organic layer. By adding sodium ions you are \"filling up\" the aqueous
solution with ions which forces the quarternary ammonium salt back into the organic layer..
The correct statements are1. the oxygen atom has a greater attrac.pdfanithareadymade
The correct statements are:
1. the oxygen atom has a greater attraction for electrons than the hydrogen atom does.
2. the electrons of the covalent bond are not shared equally between the hydrogen and oxygen
atoms.
Solution
The correct statements are:
1. the oxygen atom has a greater attraction for electrons than the hydrogen atom does.
2. the electrons of the covalent bond are not shared equally between the hydrogen and oxygen
atoms..
This is a bit complex to answer as we have HCl and NaOH present, the.pdfanithareadymade
This is a bit complex to answer as we have HCl and NaOH present, they will undergo
neutralization reaction to form NaCl and water.
so inevitably water is also in system.
acetyl chloride and water, they will react to form HCl and Acetic acid which is will react with
NaOH to form sodium acetate.
Considering all these cases. I think the answer should be
benzene in CH2Cl2 layer, as benzene only
acetyl chloride in NaOH layer as CH3COO-Na+
AlCl3 will be NaOH layer in the form of AlCl4- ion, reason being NaOH and HCl have reacted
to give Na+ and Cl- ions and AlCl3 in presence of chloride ions gives AlCl4-
HCl will be in NaOH in form of NaCl ... dissociated into Na+ and Cl- ions ultimately
Solution
This is a bit complex to answer as we have HCl and NaOH present, they will undergo
neutralization reaction to form NaCl and water.
so inevitably water is also in system.
acetyl chloride and water, they will react to form HCl and Acetic acid which is will react with
NaOH to form sodium acetate.
Considering all these cases. I think the answer should be
benzene in CH2Cl2 layer, as benzene only
acetyl chloride in NaOH layer as CH3COO-Na+
AlCl3 will be NaOH layer in the form of AlCl4- ion, reason being NaOH and HCl have reacted
to give Na+ and Cl- ions and AlCl3 in presence of chloride ions gives AlCl4-
HCl will be in NaOH in form of NaCl ... dissociated into Na+ and Cl- ions ultimately.
The possible causative agent is Corynebacterium diptheriaeSore thr.pdfanithareadymade
The possible causative agent is Corynebacterium diptheriae
Sore throat, fever, shaking and chills, difficulty in breathing are all symptoms typically
assocaited with C. diptheriae. The bacterium is Gram positive bacillus, non capsulated, non
motile, toxin producing. They produce exotoxin called diptheria toxin, which is encoded by a
prophage. The bacteria adheres to mucosal epithelium and infect them. The toxtosin released by
endosomes stimulate localized inflammation followed by tissue destruction. Necrosis results
from tissue destruction. The toxin belongs to AB toxin class. The B fragment binds to host cell
and the A fragment toxin is innserted into the membrane and transported. It is proteolytically
activated inside the cell. The toxin binds to a histidine residue of elongation factor 2 or eEF2.
The active A fragment inhibits translocation of growing peptide chain on the ribosome. Thus, it
inhibits protein synthesis. The toxin transfers NAD to dipthamide (elongation factor 2) to
inactivate the elongation factor. Local tissue destruction makes the bacteria gain access into the
circulation, anters the lymphatic and blood stream, to spread to other parts of the body. Systemic
spreading causes diptheria toxin act on vital organs like kidney, myocardium, and nervous
system.
Innate immune responses against the bacterium includes Macrophages as the first line of defense.
They use pattern specific receptors to attach and engulf bacteria. Neutrophils also mediate the
same response. Macrophages further release cytokines to mediate inflammation.
Solution
The possible causative agent is Corynebacterium diptheriae
Sore throat, fever, shaking and chills, difficulty in breathing are all symptoms typically
assocaited with C. diptheriae. The bacterium is Gram positive bacillus, non capsulated, non
motile, toxin producing. They produce exotoxin called diptheria toxin, which is encoded by a
prophage. The bacteria adheres to mucosal epithelium and infect them. The toxtosin released by
endosomes stimulate localized inflammation followed by tissue destruction. Necrosis results
from tissue destruction. The toxin belongs to AB toxin class. The B fragment binds to host cell
and the A fragment toxin is innserted into the membrane and transported. It is proteolytically
activated inside the cell. The toxin binds to a histidine residue of elongation factor 2 or eEF2.
The active A fragment inhibits translocation of growing peptide chain on the ribosome. Thus, it
inhibits protein synthesis. The toxin transfers NAD to dipthamide (elongation factor 2) to
inactivate the elongation factor. Local tissue destruction makes the bacteria gain access into the
circulation, anters the lymphatic and blood stream, to spread to other parts of the body. Systemic
spreading causes diptheria toxin act on vital organs like kidney, myocardium, and nervous
system.
Innate immune responses against the bacterium includes Macrophages as the first line of defense.
They use pattern specific recep.
The answer is E) 1,2, and 3.The solubility of a gas in solvents de.pdfanithareadymade
The answer is E) 1,2, and 3.
The solubility of a gas in solvents depends on their intermolecular interactions, which is affected
by the nature of gas and the solvent as well as the temperature. So all three factors are relevant.
Solution
The answer is E) 1,2, and 3.
The solubility of a gas in solvents depends on their intermolecular interactions, which is affected
by the nature of gas and the solvent as well as the temperature. So all three factors are relevant..
RainfallTest.java
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class RainfallTest {
/**
* @param args
*/
static String month[] = {\"January\", \"Fabruary\", \"March\", \"April\", \"May\", \"June\",
\"July\", \"August\", \"September\",\"October\",\"November\",\"December\"};
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int months[] = new int[12];
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
for(int i=0; i months[i]){
min = months[i];
minIndex = i;
}
}
System.out.println(\"The minimum rainfall is :\"+min);
System.out.println(\"The minimum rainfall month is :\"+month[minIndex]);
}
public static void updaeRainFallForMonth(int months[]){
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"Enter a month (1-12) for rainfall update:\");
int month = scan.nextInt();
System.out.println(\"Enter rainfall for update:\");
int rainfall = scan.nextInt();
months[month-1] = rainfall;
}
public static void exit(){
System.exit(0);
}
}
Output:
Enter Rainfall for the month 1:
55
Enter Rainfall for the month 2:
66
Enter Rainfall for the month 3:
77
Enter Rainfall for the month 4:
44
Enter Rainfall for the month 5:
33
Enter Rainfall for the month 6:
22
Enter Rainfall for the month 7:
11
Enter Rainfall for the month 8:
99
Enter Rainfall for the month 9:
88
Enter Rainfall for the month 10:
45
Enter Rainfall for the month 11:
56
Enter Rainfall for the month 12:
67
Entered rainfall details [55, 66, 77, 44, 33, 22, 11, 99, 88, 45, 56, 67]
Enter your choice:
1.the rainfall for each month
2.the total rainfall for the year
3.find the average monthly rainfall
4.the name of the month with the most rain
.5.the name of the month with the least rain.
6.update the amount of rain in any given month
7.quit
1
January: 55
Fabruary: 66
March: 77
April: 44
May: 33
June: 22
July: 11
August: 99
September: 88
October: 45
November: 56
December: 67
Enter your choice:
1.the rainfall for each month
2.the total rainfall for the year
3.find the average monthly rainfall
4.the name of the month with the most rain
.5.the name of the month with the least rain.
6.update the amount of rain in any given month
7.quit
2
The total rainfall is :663
Enter your choice:
1.the rainfall for each month
2.the total rainfall for the year
3.find the average monthly rainfall
4.the name of the month with the most rain
.5.the name of the month with the least rain.
6.update the amount of rain in any given month
7.quit
3
The average rainfall is :55.25
Enter your choice:
1.the rainfall for each month
2.the total rainfall for the year
3.find the average monthly rainfall
4.the name of the month with the most rain
.5.the name of the month with the least rain.
6.update the amount of rain in any given month
7.quit
4
The maximum rainfall is :99
The maximum rainfall month is :August
Enter your choice:
1.the rainfall for each month
2.the total rainfall for the year
3.find the average monthly rainfall
4.the name of the month with the most rain
.5.the name of the month with the least rai.
by taking p1,p2,p3 as points in cordinate system.. displavement can .pdfanithareadymade
by taking p1,p2,p3 as points in cordinate system.. displavement can be found out
Solution
by taking p1,p2,p3 as points in cordinate system.. displavement can be found out.
Hello!!!!!!! This answer will help you ) H2Se would occur in a .pdfanithareadymade
Hello!!!!!!! This answer will help you :)
H2Se would occur in a bent formation similar to water, H2O. The asymmetry of this structure
causes the molecule to be polar.
The geometry of BeCl2 is linear with a symmetric charge distribution.
Therefore this molecule is non polar.
NF5 is a non polar.
Co2
It is a non-polar molecule. But it has polar covalent bonds between its atoms.
Solution
Hello!!!!!!! This answer will help you :)
H2Se would occur in a bent formation similar to water, H2O. The asymmetry of this structure
causes the molecule to be polar.
The geometry of BeCl2 is linear with a symmetric charge distribution.
Therefore this molecule is non polar.
NF5 is a non polar.
Co2
It is a non-polar molecule. But it has polar covalent bonds between its atoms.
.
Here is the code for youimport java.util.Scanner; import java.u.pdfanithareadymade
Here is the code for you:
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Random;
public class TicTacToeGame {
static char[] [] board = new char[3][3];
static Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);
//Object of Stats class to maintain statistics
static Stats stat = new Stats();
/**
* Prints the TicTacToe board
* @param arr: The board so far
*/
public static void printBoard(char [][] arr){
System.out.println();
for (int i=0; i<3; i++)
{
for (int j=0; j<3; j++)
{
System.out.print(arr[i][j]);
if(j!=2)
//Print the | for readable output
System.out.print(\" \" + \"|\" + \" \");
}
System.out.println();
if(i!=2) {
System.out.print(\"_ _ _ \"); // Print _ for readability
System.out.println();;
}
}
}
/**
* Clear the TicTacToe board before starting a new game
* @param arr: The board so far
*/
public static void clearBoard(char [][] arr){
for (int i=0; i<3; i++)
{
for (int j=0; j<3; j++)
{
arr[i][j]=\' \';
}
}
}
/** Determines if the player with the specified token wins
*
* @param symbol: Specifies whether the player is X or O
* @return true if player has won, false otherwise
*/
public static boolean isWon(char symbol) {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) //horizontal
if (board[i][0] == symbol
&& board[i][1] == symbol
&& board[i][2] == symbol) {
return true;
}
//TODO!!! Also check for vertical and the two diagonals
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) //vertical
if (board[0][i] == symbol
&& board[1][i] == symbol
&& board[2][i] == symbol) {
return true;
}
//Leading diagonal
if (board[0][0] == symbol
&& board[1][1] == symbol
&& board[2][2] == symbol) {
return true;
}
//Trailing diagonal
if (board[0][2] == symbol
&& board[1][1] == symbol
&& board[2][0] == symbol) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
/** Determines if the cell is occupied
*
* @param row: Row of the cell to be checked
* @param col: Column of the cell to be checked
* @return true if the cell is occupied, false otherwise
*/
public static boolean isOccupied(int row, int col){
if (board[row][col]!=\' \') return false;
else return true;
}
/** Determines who starts the game
*/
public static int whoStarts(){
//TODO: Randomly chooses between 0 and 1 and returns the choice
return (int)(Math.random() + 0.5 );
}
/** takes care of the human\'s move
* 1. Prompt for a cell, then column
* 2. Puts a symbol (X or O) on the board
* 3. Prints the updated board
* 4. If a human wins: prints, updates stats and returns true
* 5. If not a win yet, returns false */
public static boolean humanTurn(char symbol){
//Prompt for a cell. User must enter
//row and column with a space in between.
System.out.print(\"\ \ Enter your move: (row column): \" );
int row = input.nextInt();
int col = input.nextInt();
//TODO!!! Mark user move in the board, print
//the board and check if user has won!
board[row][col] = symbol;
printBoard(board);
if(isWon(symbol))
return true;
return false;
}
/** takes care of the computer\'s move
* 1. Generates numbers until finds an empty cell
* 2. Puts a symbol (X or O) on the board
* 3. Prints the updated board
* 4. If a comp .
Following are the changes mentioned in bold in order to obtain the r.pdfanithareadymade
Following are the changes mentioned in bold in order to obtain the required result and stop
scrolling in the background.
#include \"SDL/SDL.h\"
#include
//The attributes of the screen can be defined as follows
const int SCN_WIDTH = 640;
const int SCN_HEIGHT = 480;
const int SCN_BPP = 32;
//BPP defines bits per pixel
SDL_Surface* Background = NULL;
SDL_Surface* SpriteImage = NULL;
SDL_Surface* Backbuffer = NULL;
int SpriteFrame = 0;
int FrameCounter = 0;
const int MaxSpriteFrame = 12;
const int FrameDelay = 2;
int BackgroundX = 0;
SDL_Surface* LoadImage(char* fileName);
bool LoadFiles();
void FreeFiles();
void DrawImage(SDL_Surface* image, SDL_Surface* destSurface, int x, int y);
void DrawImageFrame(SDL_Surface* image, SDL_Surface* destSurface, int x, int y, int width,
int height, int frame);
bool ProgramIsRunning();
int main(int argc, char* args[])
{
if(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING) < 0)
{
printf(\"Failed to initialize SDL!\ \");
return 0;
}
Backbuffer = SDL_SetVideoMode(800, 600, 32, SDL_SWSURFACE);
SDL_WM_SetCaption(\"Image Animation\", NULL);
if(!LoadFiles())
{
printf(\"Failed to load all files!\ \");
FreeFiles();
SDL_Quit();
return 0;
}
while(ProgramIsRunning())
{
//Update\'s the sprites frame
FrameCounter++;
if(FrameCounter > FrameDelay)
{
FrameCounter = 0;
SpriteFrame++;
}
if(SpriteFrame > MaxSpriteFrame)
SpriteFrame = 0;
//Background scrolling can be removed from this position
//Render the scene
DrawImage(Background,Backbuffer, BackgroundX, 0);
DrawImage(Background,Backbuffer, BackgroundX+800, 0);
DrawImageFrame(SpriteImage, Backbuffer, 350,250, 150, 120, SpriteFrame);
SDL_Delay(20);
SDL_Flip(Backbuffer);
}
FreeFiles();
SDL_Quit();
return 0;
}
SDL_Surface* LoadImage(char* fileName)
{
SDL_Surface* imageLoaded = NULL;
SDL_Surface* processedImage = NULL;
imageLoaded = SDL_LoadBMP(fileName);
if(imageLoaded != NULL)
{
processedImage = SDL_DisplayFormat(imageLoaded);
SDL_FreeSurface(imageLoaded);
if(processedImage != NULL)
{
//Here we map the color key
Uint32 colorKey = SDL_MapRGB(processedImage->format, 0, 0xFF, 0xFF);
//Now, set all the pixels of color R 0,G 0*FF,B 0*FF to be transparent
SDL_SetColorKey(processedImage, SDL_SRCCOLORKEY, colorKey);
}
}
return processedImage;
}
bool LoadFiles()
{
Background = LoadImage(\"graphics/background.bmp\");
if(Background == NULL)
return false;
SpriteImage = LoadImage(\"graphics/bat.bmp\");
//The file should be preloaded and linked with the required libraries in SDL
if(SpriteImage == NULL)
return false;
else
return true;
}
void FreeFiles()
{
SDL_FreeSurface(Background);
SDL_FreeSurface(SpriteImage);
}
void DrawImage(SDL_Surface* image, SDL_Surface* destSurface, int x, int y)
//A temporary rectangle is used to hold the offsets
{
SDL_Rect destRect;
//Giving the offsets to the rectangle
destRect.x = x;
destRect.y = y;
//Blit the surface
SDL_BlitSurface(image, NULL, destSurface, &destRect);
}
//Here, we need to start the main function:
int main(int argc,char** args)
//Now, initialize all SDL subsystems
if .
During meiosis, each member of a pair of genes tends to be randomly .pdfanithareadymade
During meiosis, each member of a pair of genes tends to be randomly distributed into gametes
(receive alleles) independently of how other chromosomes are distributed. Genes that are having
their loci nearer to each other are not generally separated during chromosomal crossover and are
inherited together to the offspring. These genes are known as linked genes (two different
chromosomes), and they always have multiple alleles.
Incompletely linked genes undergo crossing over, and the frequency of crossing over depends
upon their distance. In contrast, the completely linked genes do not undergo crossing over at all.
Means, they do not produce recombinant gametes.
If two linked genes are separated by 10 cM (centi morgans or map units), the percent
recombinants produced by this cross is always equal to the 10% and the remaining 90% will be
identical to the parental genotype. And, in case of cross between the linked genes, the highest
percent of offspring indicates (always, equal to or more than 50%) the paretnal and the remaining
are recombinants.
Solution
During meiosis, each member of a pair of genes tends to be randomly distributed into gametes
(receive alleles) independently of how other chromosomes are distributed. Genes that are having
their loci nearer to each other are not generally separated during chromosomal crossover and are
inherited together to the offspring. These genes are known as linked genes (two different
chromosomes), and they always have multiple alleles.
Incompletely linked genes undergo crossing over, and the frequency of crossing over depends
upon their distance. In contrast, the completely linked genes do not undergo crossing over at all.
Means, they do not produce recombinant gametes.
If two linked genes are separated by 10 cM (centi morgans or map units), the percent
recombinants produced by this cross is always equal to the 10% and the remaining 90% will be
identical to the parental genotype. And, in case of cross between the linked genes, the highest
percent of offspring indicates (always, equal to or more than 50%) the paretnal and the remaining
are recombinants..
ANSWERS12. B collecting ducts13. B efferent arteriol15. juxtag.pdfanithareadymade
ANSWERS
12. B collecting ducts
13. B efferent arteriol
15. juxtaglomerular cells
16. A can be active or passive
17. C loop of Henle
18. D proximal convoluted tubule
19. .C increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine
20. D submucosa of the duodenum
21. E myenteric plexus
22. D secretion - gall bladder epithelial cells
( I AM NOT SURE ABOUT QUESTION NO .14 , )
Solution
ANSWERS
12. B collecting ducts
13. B efferent arteriol
15. juxtaglomerular cells
16. A can be active or passive
17. C loop of Henle
18. D proximal convoluted tubule
19. .C increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine
20. D submucosa of the duodenum
21. E myenteric plexus
22. D secretion - gall bladder epithelial cells
( I AM NOT SURE ABOUT QUESTION NO .14 , ).
Array- Arrays is a collection of data items with same data type and.pdfanithareadymade
Array:- Arrays is a collection of data items with same data type and access using a common
name.
Linked List:-A linked list is a linear data structure where each element is a separate object. Each
element(node) of a list is comprising of two items - the data and a reference to the next node.
Both Arrays and Linked Lists having advantages and disadvantages.
Solution
Array:- Arrays is a collection of data items with same data type and access using a common
name.
Linked List:-A linked list is a linear data structure where each element is a separate object. Each
element(node) of a list is comprising of two items - the data and a reference to the next node.
Both Arrays and Linked Lists having advantages and disadvantages..
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
There are 7 stages in Software Development LifeCycle. Coming to SDLC.pdf
1. There are 7 stages in Software Development LifeCycle. Coming to SDLC it is a standaed method
to develop software step by step. It serves as a blue print to design software.
The stages help to design a software,the most important thing is to take security measures while
buidling itself because post production if we need to change anything it takes lot of money and
time.
Stage 1: Planning:
It is advised to address common threats and vulnerabilities that can come in the scope of the
project and plan accordingly beforehand. Most important theats to be addressed in this stage are
legal and compliance risks,process gaps etc.
Stage 2: Requirements and analysis:
Taking decisions about the selection of the favourable framworks,softwares.languages is very
crucial. Carefully analyze the vulnerabilities in the frameworks,languages,softwares that can be
used for your project and select one which has minimum threats. your team must be up-to-date
with software security standards to reduce insecure design and development practices. Business
security executive signs the full document and checks whether all the legal threats are
minimized.
Stage-3: Architecture and Design:
Design flaws if not properly identified beforehand can cause major threats to the whole project
and are very tough to repair. Use architecture risk analysis and other standard modeling
fundamental models to do threat modeling. these two can detect the design flaws. There are
many people working for the project in many roles so a nice technique is to document role
specific security training which can help the project to analyze threats accurately.
Stage-4: Development:
this phase is the most crucial phase of the project because it takes most of our time and
resources.By adhering to standard coding standards we can be safe against common threats. One
most important thing in this phase is the code reviews. Generally code is reviewed from time to
time by trained experts to verify it against all vulnerabilities, but by using ongoing reviewing, ie
the code is reviewed constantly because by reviewing the code during long intervals it is difficult
for us to eliminate the problems in the code and the problem is embedded into the code deeply.
Stage-5 :Testing:
In this phase the bugs which the developers have overlooked are targetted. Specific testing tools
are used which subject the code to multiple verifications and look for bugs.Static and dynamic
testing tools are used to check the working of the code is real time scenarios.Penetration tests are
very powerful tests which can identify the authorize attacks,input handling,security posture etc.
Stage-6: Deployment/implementation:
2. In the deployment phase we need to take care such that the consumer gets all the prerequisite
information he needs.The detail plan of the environment where the product works,configuration
details,launch details must be properly addressed.It is also advised to lauch a standard Q and A
where the standard possible doubts the user might have will be addressed beforehand for
reference.
Mitigating personnel must be active in handling the requests by the customers in case of any
configuration problems. The customer tastes can be identified in this stage if taken proper data
from clients, this data can be used to design the products later in the future.
Stage 7: Maintainence:
In this stage the maintainence team must in one hand identify the future trends and technologies
and new requests in emerging technologies because technolgy always changes so integrating
with new tools,upgrading the technologies,implementing new features must be properly taken
care of.And on the other hand these changes must not affect the previous users of the
product.Compatabilty issues are to be properly analyzed and taken care of.
Solution
There are 7 stages in Software Development LifeCycle. Coming to SDLC it is a standaed method
to develop software step by step. It serves as a blue print to design software.
The stages help to design a software,the most important thing is to take security measures while
buidling itself because post production if we need to change anything it takes lot of money and
time.
Stage 1: Planning:
It is advised to address common threats and vulnerabilities that can come in the scope of the
project and plan accordingly beforehand. Most important theats to be addressed in this stage are
legal and compliance risks,process gaps etc.
Stage 2: Requirements and analysis:
Taking decisions about the selection of the favourable framworks,softwares.languages is very
crucial. Carefully analyze the vulnerabilities in the frameworks,languages,softwares that can be
used for your project and select one which has minimum threats. your team must be up-to-date
with software security standards to reduce insecure design and development practices. Business
security executive signs the full document and checks whether all the legal threats are
minimized.
Stage-3: Architecture and Design:
Design flaws if not properly identified beforehand can cause major threats to the whole project
and are very tough to repair. Use architecture risk analysis and other standard modeling
3. fundamental models to do threat modeling. these two can detect the design flaws. There are
many people working for the project in many roles so a nice technique is to document role
specific security training which can help the project to analyze threats accurately.
Stage-4: Development:
this phase is the most crucial phase of the project because it takes most of our time and
resources.By adhering to standard coding standards we can be safe against common threats. One
most important thing in this phase is the code reviews. Generally code is reviewed from time to
time by trained experts to verify it against all vulnerabilities, but by using ongoing reviewing, ie
the code is reviewed constantly because by reviewing the code during long intervals it is difficult
for us to eliminate the problems in the code and the problem is embedded into the code deeply.
Stage-5 :Testing:
In this phase the bugs which the developers have overlooked are targetted. Specific testing tools
are used which subject the code to multiple verifications and look for bugs.Static and dynamic
testing tools are used to check the working of the code is real time scenarios.Penetration tests are
very powerful tests which can identify the authorize attacks,input handling,security posture etc.
Stage-6: Deployment/implementation:
In the deployment phase we need to take care such that the consumer gets all the prerequisite
information he needs.The detail plan of the environment where the product works,configuration
details,launch details must be properly addressed.It is also advised to lauch a standard Q and A
where the standard possible doubts the user might have will be addressed beforehand for
reference.
Mitigating personnel must be active in handling the requests by the customers in case of any
configuration problems. The customer tastes can be identified in this stage if taken proper data
from clients, this data can be used to design the products later in the future.
Stage 7: Maintainence:
In this stage the maintainence team must in one hand identify the future trends and technologies
and new requests in emerging technologies because technolgy always changes so integrating
with new tools,upgrading the technologies,implementing new features must be properly taken
care of.And on the other hand these changes must not affect the previous users of the
product.Compatabilty issues are to be properly analyzed and taken care of.
