Posture - a perquisite for functional abilities in daily life. Posture is a combination of anatomy and physiology with inherent application of bio-mechanics and kinematics. Sitting, standing, walking are all functional activities depending on the ability of the body to support that posture to carry out each activity. Injuries and pathologies either postural or structural can massively change the bio-mechanics of posture and thus affect functional abilities.
Posture - a perquisite for functional abilities in daily life. Posture is a combination of anatomy and physiology with inherent application of bio-mechanics and kinematics. Sitting, standing, walking are all functional activities depending on the ability of the body to support that posture to carry out each activity. Injuries and pathologies either postural or structural can massively change the bio-mechanics of posture and thus affect functional abilities.
In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity, i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity.
Watch other topics in http://bit.ly/2PIOIQM
Re-education means educating something, which is already known by an individual.
Here the patient knows the activities or movements or functions that has, to be performed but due to his ailment or diseased pathology he could not perform it properly.
In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity, i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity.
Watch other topics in http://bit.ly/2PIOIQM
Re-education means educating something, which is already known by an individual.
Here the patient knows the activities or movements or functions that has, to be performed but due to his ailment or diseased pathology he could not perform it properly.
FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF EXERCISE THERAPY.pptx 2nd sem.pptxFATHIMAVK3
Exercise therapy is founded on the principle that targeted physical activity can be utilized to prevent, manage, or rehabilitate various health conditions. It involves structured and supervised exercise programs tailored to individual needs, aiming to improve mobility, strength, endurance, flexibility, and overall quality of life.
1. **Individualized Approach:** Exercise therapy recognizes that each person's condition and abilities are unique. Therefore, programs are customized to address specific needs, taking into account factors like age, fitness level, medical history, and personal goals.
2. **Evidence-Based Practice:** The design of exercise therapy programs is grounded in scientific research and clinical evidence. Therapists use proven techniques and protocols to ensure effectiveness and safety.
3. **Multidisciplinary Collaboration:** Exercise therapists often work closely with other healthcare professionals, such as physiotherapists, physicians, and nutritionists, to provide comprehensive care. This interdisciplinary approach ensures that all aspects of a person's health are considered.
4. **Progressive Overload:** Exercise programs are structured to gradually increase in intensity and difficulty over time. This principle helps individuals continually challenge their bodies and achieve ongoing improvements in strength, endurance, and function.
5. **Patient Education:** Exercise therapists empower individuals with knowledge about their condition, treatment plan, and how exercise can positively impact their health. Education promotes adherence to the program and fosters long-term self-management.
6. **Functional Training:** Exercises are often designed to mimic real-life movements and activities, with the goal of improving functional capacity and enhancing daily living skills. This approach helps individuals regain independence and confidence in performing everyday tasks.
Overall, exercise therapy is a holistic approach that recognizes the interconnectedness of physical, mental, and emotional well-being, aiming to optimize health and quality of life through targeted movement and activity.
Here are some additional aspects of exercise therapy:
1. **Risk Management:** Exercise therapists assess risks associated with physical activity, such as injury or exacerbation of existing conditions, and develop strategies to mitigate these risks. Safety measures, proper technique instruction, and appropriate progression of exercises are emphasized to minimize potential harm.
2. **Behavioral Change:** Exercise therapy often involves coaching individuals to adopt and maintain healthy lifestyle behaviors. This may include goal-setting, motivational interviewing, and strategies to overcome barriers to exercise adherence. By addressing psychological factors and promoting positive habits, exercise therapists support long-term behavior change.
3. **Monitoring and Evaluation:** Progress in exercise therapy is regularly monitored and evaluated
2. Special consideration in cardiac rehabilitation program for older adults.ShagufaAmber
An increasing number of cardiac patients are above the age of 65 years . They are susceptible to the adverse effect of bed rest . So early mobilization is especially important to return them to active and independent lifestyle.
- Most of the patients with heart failure, are elderly patients, shooting up to 80% in both incidence and prevalence.This is due to improved and better survival after cardiac insults, such as myocardial infarction, especially in developed countries.(AHA,2013).
-The safety and efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation have been demonstrated in the elderly (age >65 years) .(Pasquali ,et al.,2001)
-CR has a class IA recommendation by the AHA and ACSM for secondary prevention after any coronary heart disease
Comparison between Effectiveness of Hand Arm Bimanual Intensive Training and ...ijtsrd
Background and Objective: According to world Health Organization (WHO) stroke is defined as œrapidly developing clinical sign of focal (or global) disturbance of cerebral function lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than vascular origin.1 Focal neurological deficits must persists for at least 24 hours, motor deficits are characterized by paralysis (hemiplegia) or weakness (hemiparesis), typically on the side of the body opposite site of lesion.Materials and Methods: The study was performed among 30 patients of both genders, aged 45-60 years. Subjects were selected on the basis of inclusion criteria and randomly divided into two groups by convenience sampling and allocating alternate patient group A and group B, 15 in each group. Group A was treated with Repetitive Facilitation Exercises (RFE), Group B was treated with Hand Arm Bimanual Intensive Training (HABIT). Baseline assessments were taken using WMFT and FMA and data was analyzed.Results: The groups showed significant differences in WMFT and FMA variables. But on comparing the mean of both the groups: there was no significant difference between both the groups. Conclusion: This study concluded that RFE and HABIT both are effective in treatment of patients with hemiparesis. Dr. Shilpy Jetly | Sukhwinder Kaur | Dr. Jaspinder Kaur"Comparison between Effectiveness of Hand Arm Bimanual Intensive Training and Repetitive Facilitation Exercises on Upper Limb Functions In Post Stroke Hemiparetic Patients" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2375.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/2375/comparison-between-effectiveness-of-hand-arm-bimanual-intensive-training-and-repetitive-facilitation-exercises-on-upper-limb-functions-in-post-stroke-hemiparetic-patients/dr-shilpy-jetly
Identify common imbalance patterns and potential causes, learn key assessments, approproate action plans, and exercises to help improve/control imbalanced patterns.
kinesiology :(about muscle wasting )
Prevention of muscle wasting
(Spastic paralysis : Rigidity of muscles ) and (Flaccid paralysis : Flaccidity of muscles )
Postures
Pattern of posture
Static posture
Dynamic posture
Types of postures
Poor posture ( due to poor sitting or standing positions may lead to poor postures)
Poor postures may causes :
Forward head
Swayback
kymphosis
Good postures :
(Good posture adopt naturally or by essential mechanisms and adjustment should be intact to adopting a good postures)
Mental attitude also affect of postures:
Emotional condition ,unhappiness , joy ,confidence also affect of posture
How you improve your posture?
Stand up straight and tall
keep your back
Put your stomach in
Keep your feet about shoulder width apart
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
2. THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE: IMPACT ON PHYSICAL FUNCTION
Definition of Therapeutic Exercise:
Therapeutic exercise is the systematic, planned
performance of bodily movements, postures, or physical
activities intended to provide a patient/client with the
means to:
■ Remediate or prevent impairments.
■ Improve, restore, or enhance physical function.
■ Prevent or reduce health-related risk factors.
■ Optimize overall health status, fitness, or sense of well-
being.
2
3. Components of Physical Function:
Balance. The ability to align body segments
against gravity to maintain or move the
body (center of mass) within the available
base of support without falling.
Cardiopulmonary fitness. The ability to
perform moderate intensity, repetitive, total
body movements (walking, jogging, cycling,
swimming) over an extended period of time.
A synonymous term is cardiopulmonary
endurance.
3
4. Components of Physical Function:
Coordination. The correct timing and sequencing
of muscle firing combined with the appropriate
intensity of muscular contraction leading to the
effective initiation, guiding, and grading of
movement.
Flexibility. The ability to move freely, without
restriction; used interchangeably with mobility.
Mobility. The ability of structures or segments of
the body to move or be moved in order to allow
the occurrence of range of motion (ROM) for
functional activities (functional ROM). Passive
mobility is dependent on soft tissue (contractile
and non contractile) extensibility; in addition,
active mobility requires neuromuscular activation.
4
5. 5
Muscle performance. The capacity of muscle to
produce tension and do physical work. Muscle
performance encompasses strength, power, and
muscular endurance.
Neuromuscular control. Interaction of the sensory and
motor systems that enables synergists, agonists and
antagonists, as well as stabilizers and neutralizers to
anticipate or respond to proprioceptive and kinesthetic
information and, subsequently, to work in correct
sequence to create coordinated movement.
Stability. The ability of the neuromuscular system
through synergistic muscle actions to hold a proximal or
distal body segment in a stationary position or to control
a stable base during superimposed movement. Joint
stability is the maintenance of proper alignment of bony
partners of a joint by means of passive and dynamic
components.
7. Disablement process in health-care
delivery is not unidirectional— that is, it
is not necessarily unpreventable or
irreversible. Furthermore, it is assumed
that in most instances, depending on
factors such as the severity and
duration of the pathological condition
and a patient’s access to quality health
care as well as the motivation and
desires of the patient, the progression
of the process can indeed be altered
and the patient’s function improved.
7
8. Models of Functioning and
Disability—Past and Present
× Two models of disablement were developed the Nagi
model and the International Classification of
Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH) model
for the World Health Organization (WHO).
× In response to the criticism the WHO revised their ICIDH
model and thus formed the International Classification
of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
8
10. Comparison of the terminologies of two
disablement model
10
Model Tissue/
Cellular
Level
Organ/S
ystem
Level
Persona
l Level
Societal
Level
Nagi Active
pathology
Impairment Functional
limitation
Disability
ICIDH Disease Impairment Disability Handicap
12. Impairments:
Impairments: Impairments of the physiological,
anatomical, and psychological functions and
structures of the body are a reflection of a
person’s health status. Typically, impairments
are the consequences of pathological
conditions and encompass the signs and
symptoms that reflect abnormalities at the
body system, organ, or tissue level.
12
13. Types of Impairment
13
Types of Impairment
In the ICF model, impairments are
subdivided into impairments of body
function and body structure. Physical
therapists typically provide care and
services to patients with impairments of
body function and/or body structure that
affect the following systems:
■ Musculoskeletal
■ Neuromuscular
■ Cardiovascular/pulmonary
■ Integumentary
14. Common Physical Impairments
Managed with Therapeutic Exercise
14
Musculoskeletal
■ Pain
■ Muscle weakness/reduced torque
production
■ Decreased muscular endurance
■ Limited range of motion due to:
■ Restriction of the joint capsule
■ Restriction of periarticular connective
tissue
■ Decreased muscle length
■ Joint hypermobility
■ Faulty posture
■ Muscle length/strength imbalances
Neuromuscular
■ Pain
■ Impaired balance, postural stability, or control
■ Incoordination, faulty timing
■ Delayed motor development
■ Abnormal tone (hypotonia, hypertonia, dystonia)
■ Ineffective/inefficient functional movement strategies
Cardiovascular/Pulmonary
■ Decreased aerobic capacity (cardiopulmonary
endurance)
■ Impaired circulation (lymphatic, venous, arterial)
■ Pain with sustained physical activity (intermittent
claudication)
Integumentary
■ Skin hypomobility (e.g., immobile or adherent scarring)
15. Types of impairments
15
Primary and secondary impairments. Impairments
may arise directly from the health condition
(direct/primary impairments) or may be the result of
preexisting impairments (indirect/secondary
impairments).
Composite impairments. When an impairment is the
result of multiple underlying causes and arises from a
combination of primary or secondary impairments, the
term composite impairment is sometimes used.
16. Types of prevention
16
Prevention falls into three categories:
■ Primary prevention: Activities such as health
promotion designed to prevent disease in an at-risk
population
■ Secondary prevention: Early diagnosis and
reduction of the severity or duration of existing disease
and sequelae.
■ Tertiary prevention: Use of rehabilitation to reduce
the
degree or limit the progression of existing disability and
improve multiple aspects of function in persons with
chronic, irreversible health conditions
17. Risk Factors for Disability
17
Biological Factors
■ Age, sex, race
■ Height/weight relationship
■Congenital abnormalities or disorders
(e.g., skeletal deformities, neuromuscular
disorders, cardiopulmonary diseases, or
anomalies)
■ Family history of disease; genetic
predisposition.
Behavioral/Psychological/Lifestyle
Factors
■ Sedentary lifestyle
■ Cultural biases
■ Use of tobacco, alcohol, other drugs
■ Poor nutrition
■ Low level of motivation
■ Inadequate coping skills
■ Difficulty dealing with change or stress
■ Negative affect
Physical Environment Characteristics
■ Architectural barriers in the home, community, and
workplace.
■ Ergonomic characteristics of the home, work, or
school
environments
Socioeconomic Factors
■ Low economic status
■ Low level of education
■ Inadequate access to health care
■ Limited family or social support