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Shells - Theory and Design of Plates and Shells
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This document provides an overview of basic equations for the theory of plates and shells. It discusses the state of stress and strain at a point, including defining the six independent stress and strain components. It presents the relationships between strain and displacement, and discusses the equilibrium equations relating stress and body forces. Finally, it provides the equations for both Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems. The key concepts covered are the fundamental equations that form the basis of plate and shell theory.
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Shells - Theory and Design of Plates and Shells
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PPT ON DESIGN OF COLUMN BRACES
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2. Key aspects discussed include determining the principal axes, direct stress distribution, and deflection of beams under unsymmetrical bending. Equations are provided to calculate stresses and deflections.
3. An example problem is given involving finding the stresses at two points on a cantilever beam subjected to an unsymmetrical loading. The principal moments of inertia and neutral axis orientation are calculated.
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This is the 1st Lecture Series on Design Reinforced Cement Concrete (IS 456 -2000).
In this video, you will learn about the objective of structural designing and then basic properties of concrete and steel.
Concrete properties like...
1. Grade of Concrete
2. Modulus of Elasticity
3. Characteristic Strength
4. Tensile Strength
5. Creep and Shrinkage
6. Durability
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1. Grade and types of steel
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Boresi - Advanced mechanics of materials 5 ed.pdf
This document provides information about the fifth edition of the textbook "Advanced Mechanics of Materials" including:
1. It describes revisions made to update and expand the content from the fourth edition, including new material, examples, and problems added to each chapter.
2. It lists the three major parts of the book covering fundamental concepts, classical topics, and selected advanced topics in mechanics of materials.
3. It thanks those involved in producing the fifth edition and welcomes feedback from readers.
Simplified design of reinforced concrete buildings
This document provides an overview of a publication titled "Simplified Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings" which outlines simplified design methods for reinforced concrete structures. The publication aims to reduce design time by providing timesaving procedures and aids for experienced designers. It focuses on conventional reinforced concrete buildings between 3-5 stories tall with typical framing systems. The document discusses loading calculations, frame analysis techniques using coefficients or analytical methods, and preliminary sizing of structural elements like floors, columns, shear walls and footings.
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This document provides an overview of earthquake resistant design philosophy and concepts in building codes. It discusses key topics such as:
- The goal of earthquake resistant rather than earthquake proof design, allowing some damage to occur and dissipate energy.
- Designing structures to resist minor, moderate, and major earthquakes without collapse through ductility and overstrength.
- Methods of seismic analysis including static coefficient and response spectrum approaches.
- Factors influencing earthquake forces such as seismic hazard, structural properties, and performance objectives.
- Detailing requirements for ductile moment frames and bracing systems.
STRAIN ENERGY CONCEPT STRENGTH OF MATERIAL
1. Strain energy is the energy stored in a body when it is strained within the elastic limit due to an applied load. The formula for strain energy is U = σ2/2E x V, where U is strain energy, σ is stress, E is modulus of elasticity, and V is volume.
2. Resilience is the total strain energy stored in a body within the elastic limit. Proof resilience is the maximum strain energy that can be stored at the elastic limit. Modulus of resilience is the maximum strain energy that can be stored per unit volume at the elastic limit.
3. An impact or shock load is a sudden load applied to a body, such as a load falling from
Design notes for seismic design of building accordance to Eurocode 8
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This document provides guidance on designing reinforced concrete chimneys and windshields according to Indian codes IS 4998 and IS 15498. Key points covered include:
1. Chimneys must be designed to resist along-wind and across-wind loads from wind, considering factors like earthquake loads and wind speed.
2. Foundations must safely transfer vertical and lateral loads to the sub-grade while preventing excessive deflection. For raft foundations, uplift is not permitted under critical load combinations.
3. Dynamic wind loads are estimated using mean drag coefficients and gust factors to account for turbulent wind fluctuations and vortex shedding contributing to along-wind and across-wind loads.
Chapter 11: Stability of Equilibrium: Columns
1) The document discusses various buckling modes of columns including flexural, torsional-flexural, and torsional buckling. It provides examples of buckling in thin-walled tubes and prismatic members.
2) Euler buckling formulas are presented for columns with different end conditions, such as both ends pinned, one end fixed and one end pinned. The critical buckling load depends on the effective length which accounts for the end conditions.
3) Limitations of the Euler formulas and generalized formulas are discussed. The tangent modulus formula extends the elastic analysis to the inelastic range by using the tangent modulus.
Finite Element analysis -Plate ,shell skew plate
This document provides an overview of plate and shell theory and finite element analysis for plates and shells. It discusses the assumptions and applications of thin plate theory, thick plate theory, and shell theory. It also describes different types of finite elements that can be used to model plates and shells, including plate, shell, solid shell, curved shell, and degenerated shell elements. Additionally, it covers skew plates and different discretization methods that can be used for finite element analysis of skew plates.
Development length
The document discusses development length, which is the length of embedment required to fully develop the tensile strength of a reinforcing bar. It provides equations to calculate development length in tension (Ldt) and compression (Ldc) based on factors like bar size and concrete strength. It also discusses development length requirements for standard bar hooks and alternate anchorage methods at beam-column connections. Development length ensures sufficient bond between steel and concrete to transfer forces under loading.
How to model and analyse structures using etabs
This document provides steps for modeling and analyzing structures using ETABS software. It outlines 20 main steps including: 1) Creating a new model and defining grid, materials and sections, 2) Drawing columns, beams, slabs and walls, 3) Applying loads such as live, dead, wind and earthquake loads, 4) Creating load combinations, 5) Meshing shear walls and slabs, and 6) Assigning diaphragms. The steps provide details on how to properly model different building components and apply loads for structural analysis in ETABS.
Sdof
1. The document outlines key concepts in structural dynamics including idealization of structures as single-degree-of-freedom systems, formulation of the equation of motion, free and forced vibration of undamped and damped systems.
2. Key topics covered include natural frequency determination, Duhamel's integral, damping in structures, and methods for solving dynamic problems.
3. Examples of single-degree-of-freedom systems are presented including lumped mass systems, beams with distributed mass, and determination of effective stiffness.
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Design notes for seismic design of building accordance to Eurocode 8
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3) Derive expressions for normal and shear strains in terms of displacements for an infinitesimal element, and define principal planes and stresses.
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This document discusses the seismic behavior of beam-column joints in reinforced concrete moment frames. It begins by introducing beam-column joints and their importance. It then explains that joints have limited strength and are vulnerable to damage during earthquakes. To prevent this, joints must be designed to resist earthquake effects. The document outlines how beams apply moments to joints during quakes and how this can cause diagonal cracking if the joint is not reinforced properly. It concludes that providing large column sizes or steel ties in the joint can prevent such cracking and damage.
Diseño de reservorio rectangular para agua potable
El documento describe los aspectos básicos del diseño de un reservorio de almacenamiento de agua potable para una población rural. Explica que un reservorio es necesario cuando el rendimiento de la fuente es menor que el gasto máximo horario. Luego detalla los pasos para calcular la capacidad del reservorio considerando la compensación de variaciones horarias y eventuales desperfectos en la línea de conducción. Finalmente, presenta un ejemplo numérico del cálculo estructural de un reservorio apoyado de sección cuadrada.
Goetech. engg. Ch# 03 settlement analysis signed
This document discusses settlement analysis and different types of settlement. It begins by defining settlement as the vertical downward deformation of soil under a load. There are two main types of settlement based on permanence - permanent and temporary. There are also different types based on mode of occurrence: primary consolidation, secondary consolidation, and immediate settlement. Differential settlement can cause structural damage, while uniform settlement has little consequence. The document outlines methods to estimate settlement, such as consolidation tests, and discusses remedial measures to reduce or accommodate settlement.
Columns lecture#6
The document discusses the analysis of reinforced concrete columns under various loading conditions. It presents 10 cases for analyzing columns, including when axial load is given and eccentricity is less than balanced, when moment is given and steel is yielding, and when depth of neutral axis is given. The key steps shown are setting up the load and moment equations, checking assumptions of steel stress, and iterating to find values of neutral axis depth and steel stresses that satisfy equilibrium. Design procedures are also outlined for short columns under uniaxial bending, with steps to calculate load capacity and check steel strain assumptions.
149283646 suelos-fundaciones-y-muros-maria-graciela-fratelli
Este documento describe los detalles de un proyecto de construcción de una carretera. Explica que la carretera tendrá 6 carriles y medirá 50 kilómetros de largo. También incluirá 3 intercambiadores y se espera que cueste $200 millones de dólares. La construcción tomará 3 años y creará miles de puestos de trabajo temporales.
51989151 din-1055-6-2005 silos
This document outlines standards and procedures for determining loads on silo and tank structures from stored bulk materials. It includes definitions of terms and symbols, methods for calculating fill and discharge loads on silo walls, loads in silo hoppers and bottoms, and loads on tanks. Measurement procedures are provided for determining important bulk material parameters needed for load calculations, such as density, wall friction, internal friction, and elasticity. Annexes provide additional guidance, standards, and alternative calculation methods.
Flexural design of Beam...PRC-I
Prepared by madam rafia firdous. She is a lecturer and instructor in subject of Plain and Reinforcement concrete at University of South Asia LAHORE,PAKISTAN.
Repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete beam column joints
This is my M.Tech structural engineering 1st sem seminar, for further details and advice try to contact me with your comments
Calculation note 29 11-2014
The document provides design details for foundations and retaining walls for a conveyor system and storage area at Suez Cement Company. General design notes specify the design standards, loads, foundation conditions, and material specifications to be used. Foundations are designed for individual conveyor components using Excel, MathCAD, and SAP2000 for analysis and reinforcement detailing. Retaining wall and strap footing design is conducted in SAP2000, applying earth pressures, uniform loads, and determining moments and reinforcement. Design drawings including plans, sections and reinforcement details are provided.
STORAGE - Silo design & construction
With over a century of experience in the design, quality and installation of grain storage systems, Bentall Rowlands Storage Systems Limited is a leading UK manufacturer in complete storage and processing equipment for the agricultural and industrial markets.
Storage bins and hoppers
This document discusses storage bins, silos, and hoppers used to store bulk solids. It covers various design considerations for hopper discharge including throttling material flow. Mass flow and core flow hoppers are described. Recommended proportions for hopper dimensions to store a given volume are provided. Caking issues and common causes of silo failure are also summarized. Different types of mechanical feeders used to regulate discharge from hoppers are introduced, including belt, apron, rotary table, and screw feeders. Pneumatic and vibrational methods for discharging material are briefly outlined.
DISEÑO DE UN SILO - ESTRUCTURA METALICA
Este documento trata sobre el diseño estructural de silos. Se divide en varias secciones: la clasificación de los silos según su tamaño, geometría, patrón de flujo y material estructural; el cálculo de las presiones sobre las paredes basado en el Eurocódigo 1; y el análisis y diseño estructural de silos circulares y no circulares, incluyendo el diseño de tolvas, vigas perimetrales, apoyos y uniones. El objetivo es desarrollar métodos para calcular las cargas en silos de
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1st Semester M Tech Structural Engineering (Dec-2013) Question Papers
1st Semester M Tech Structural Engineering (Dec-2013) Question Papers
Diseño de reservorio rectangular para agua potable
Diseño de reservorio rectangular para agua potable
149283646 suelos-fundaciones-y-muros-maria-graciela-fratelli
149283646 suelos-fundaciones-y-muros-maria-graciela-fratelli
Repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete beam column joints
Repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete beam column joints
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Structural anlysis
This document contains 15 questions divided into 3 groups (A, B, C) regarding the subject of structural analysis. Group A contains 5 questions about topics like bending stress in beams, end moments in beams, riveted joint design, stress analysis of hollow columns using Rankine's formula, and reactions in propped cantilevers. Group B contains 5 more questions about propped cantilevers, safe loads in columns, bending moments in beams, buckling loads of struts, and weld design. Group C asks students to fill in blanks, choose multiple choice answers, and identify true/false statements related to structural elements, analysis methods, and failure modes.
Underground construction
This document discusses what can go underground, why things go underground, and how underground construction is carried out. It outlines that shelters, homes, mines, water systems, transit systems, roads, power plants, fuel and material storage, critical infrastructure, research facilities, and public facilities can all be built underground. Key reasons for going underground include addressing urban congestion, creating green space, protection from natural disasters, and isolation. Various methods are used for underground construction including cut-and-cover, tunnel boring machines, retaining walls, and blasting. Challenges can arise from unexpected ground conditions, major excavations, changing groundwater, and need to characterize and account for geologic variability and uncertainties. Risks are best mitigated
Unit5 pn
1. The document discusses the history and importance of libraries and archives in preserving knowledge and making information accessible to communities.
2. It notes that libraries and archives play a vital role in collecting, organizing and sharing resources so that current and future generations can learn from the past and build upon the work of others.
3. The document emphasizes that while formats and technologies may change over time, the fundamental roles of libraries and archives in serving communities will remain the same - to acquire, preserve and provide access to information for education, research and enlightenment.
Unit7 skp
This document provides definitions and concepts related to bearing capacity of soil. It discusses Terzaghi's bearing capacity theory, which presents an equation for ultimate bearing capacity based on soil properties and footing geometry. The theory makes assumptions about soil behavior and failure mechanisms. Modifying factors are discussed for shape of footing, local shear failure, water table level, and eccentric loading conditions. A factor of safety of 3 is typically assumed unless otherwise.
Unit1 hbn
1. The document discusses subsurface exploration for geotechnical engineering projects. Subsurface exploration involves methods like trial pits, boreholes, and geophysical tests to understand soil conditions below the surface.
2. Proper subsurface exploration is important for foundation design, construction planning, and other aspects of civil engineering projects. The document outlines factors that determine the scope and methods of exploration for different project types.
3. Key methods discussed include trial pits, hand auger and mechanical boreholes, wash boring, and sampling techniques to obtain representative, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples for testing and analysis. Guidelines are provided on spacing, depth and other aspects of effective subsurface exploration.
Unit2 hbn
This document discusses various methods of drainage and dewatering in geotechnical engineering. It describes the location of groundwater tables and how to determine the water level using methods like borehole observation, rising water level method, and Hvorselev method. It then discusses different dewatering techniques like open excavation using ditches and sumps, well point systems, and electro-osmosis. Well point systems involve installing well points connected to a header pipe to create a partial vacuum and pump water out. Factors like well point spacing, capacity, and design considerations are also covered.
Unit4 kvv
This document provides an overview of flow nets and seepage analysis. It begins by defining the objectives of understanding basic principles of two-dimensional flows through soil media. It then discusses confined and unconfined flow problems and the objectives of analyzing them. The document introduces key concepts like Laplace's equation, Darcy's law, flow nets, and explains how to estimate seepage quantity using flow nets. It also discusses exit gradients, piping effects, and filter design to prevent failures from piping. The overall summary is that the document presents principles and methods for analyzing seepage problems in geotechnical engineering using flow nets and discusses their applications.
Unit6 svd
This document provides lecture notes on slope stability analysis. It begins with an introduction to slopes, defining slopes and discussing natural and man-made slope failures. It then discusses various methods of slope stability analysis, including infinite slope analysis for cohesionless, cohesive, and cohesive-frictional soils, considering factors like seepage. Finite slope analysis methods are also introduced, including total stress analysis for cohesive and c-φ soils. Key concepts covered include factor of safety, failure surfaces, driving and restoring moments. Factors affecting slope stability like rainfall, earthquakes, and tension cracks are also summarized.
Underground construction Techniques civil final year seminar
Underground construction Techniques civil final year seminar
more advanced topics in the field of civil engineering with lot of further scope
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Underground construction Techniques civil final year seminar
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A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
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detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
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train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
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Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
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Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
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