Theories of Development.pptx

SOCRATES THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT
MISHAEL S. CAYANAN
Presenter
THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT IN
EDUCATION

SOCRATES’ BIOGRAPHY
c. 470 BCE – c.399 BCE
Socrates was an ancient Greek philosopher
considered to be the main source of Western
thought. He was condemned to death for his
Socratic method of questioning.
EDUCATION

SOCRATES’ BIOGRAPHY
Socrates was a scholar, teacher and philosopher born in
ancient Greece. His Socratic method laid the groundwork
for Western systems of logic and philosophy.
When the political climate of Greece turned against him,
Socrates was sentenced to death by hemlock poisoning in
399 B.C. He accepted this judgment rather than fleeing
into exile.
EDUCATION

SOCRATES’ LEGACY
 Theory of the Soul
 Socratic Method
 Ethics
 Epistemology
 Plato
EDUCATION

THEORY OF THE SOUL
 Socrates believed that he had a mission to
seek after wisdom.
 He believed the soul is immortal. For this
reason, he asserted that death is not the end
of existence. Death is simply the separation of
the soul from the body.
EDUCATION

THEORY OF THE SOUL
"Let us consider whether it is a necessary law that
everything which has an opposite is generated from
that opposite
and no other source."
Phaedo
EDUCATION

THEORY OF THE SOUL
"what we call learning is really just recollection. If
that is true, then surely what we recollect now we
must have learned at some time before; which is
impossible unless our souls existed somewhere
before they entered this human shape. So in that
way too it seems likely that the soul is immortal."
Phaedo
EDUCATION

THEORY OF THE SOUL
Simplicity Argument or the
Argument from Affinity
EDUCATION

THEORY OF THE SOUL
Theory of Forms
EDUCATION

THEORY OF THE SOUL
Care of the Soul
'become a thoroughly ethical human being’
VIRTUE
EDUCATION

THEORY OF THE SOUL
The unexamined life is not worth living!
EDUCATION

SOCRATIC METHOD
Fostering Critical Thinking
"Do not take what I say as if I were merely
playing, for you see the subject of our
discussion—and on what subject should
even a man of slight intelligence be
more serious? —namely, what kind of life should
one live . . .“
Socrates
EDUCATION

SOCRATIC METHOD
Socratic Method is a dialogue between teacher
and students, instigated by the continual probing
questions of the teacher,
in a concerted effort to explore the underlying
beliefs that shape the
students views and opinions.
EDUCATION

ETHICS
came from the Greek word
ETHOS, which means the characteristic way of acting
and
ETHIKE, which means a doctrine of morality.
Its Latin equivalent is
MOS or MORES which means tradition or custom.
 It refers therefore to the customs or traditions
prevailing in a group or groups of people.
EDUCATION

ETHICS
Ethics is two things:
1. First, ethics refers to well based standards of
right and wrong that prescribe what humans
ought to do, usually in terms of rights,
obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or
specific virtues.
2. Secondly, ethics refers to the study and
development of one's ethical standards
EDUCATION

ETHICS
“Know thyself”
and
“Knowledge is virtue”
Moral Philosophy according to
SOCRATES
EDUCATION

EPISTEMOLOGY
Knowledge and Wisdom
dialectical process for gaining knowledge
EDUCATION

References
Biography.com (May 25, 2021) Socrates Biography. A&E Television Networks. Accessed: October
9, 2022. Retrieve:https://www.biography.com/scholar/plato
Introduction to Philosophy by Philip A. Pecorino is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
Lee, Myungjoon (1994). Plato’s philosophy of education. U.M.I. 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI
48106

PLATO THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT
MISHAEL S. CAYANAN
Presenter
EDUCATION

PLATO’S BIOGRAPHY
c. 428 BCE – c.348 BCE
Ancient Greek philosopher founded the Academy and is
the author of philosophical works of unparalleled influence
in Western thought.
EDUCATION

PLATO’S BIOGRAPHY
Student of Socrates and a teacher of Aristotle. His
writings explored justice, beauty and equality, and also
contained discussions in aesthetics, political philosophy,
theology, cosmology, epistemology and the philosophy of
language. Founded the Academy in Athens, one of the
first institutions of higher learning in the Western world.
EDUCATION

Plato’s Philosophy of Education:
Implication for Current Education
Plato regards education as a means to
achieve justice and social justice.
EDUCATION

Three stages of development of knowledge:
knowledge of one’s own job,
self-knowledge, and
knowledge of the Idea of God.
EDUCATION

East Asian countries caused serious social injustice and
problems:
unequal educational opportunity,
lack of character education,
financial burden on parents.
EDUCATION

In order for a society to be just, the individual must be just.
Individual justice means that each individual develops hos or
her ability to the fullest.
EDUCATION

Education always begins with man and ends with man.
“the excellence or virtue of soul is justice,
and its defect injustice”
EDUCATION

“justice must be something in the soul, a sort of spiritual
health”
EDUCATION

THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT

EDUCATION

“Know Thyself”
To know oneself one first has to
know one’s own limit
EDUCATION

“Knowing means doing”
IDEA OF THE GOOD
In order to be virtuous, a man
needs to know what is good.
EDUCATION

“a philosopher knows himself ”
A philosopher-king is the only
person fit to rule
EDUCATION

EDUCATION
Education should be for all people regardless
of social factors such as wealth and blood
equality

References
Biography.com (May 25, 2021) Plato Biography. A&E Television Networks. Accessed: October 9,
2022. Retrieve: https://www.biography.com/scholar/plato
Lee, Myungjoon (1994). Plato’s philosophy of education. U.M.I. 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI
48106

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