Frank Lloyd Wright believed that architecture should be inspired by nature rather than trends of the time. He felt that the Industrial Revolution had changed society's views of art and architecture, prioritizing mass production over individuality. Wright argued that every person is unique and should have housing that expresses their individuality. The philosophies in his paper provide guidance for maintaining art in architecture by using nature's consistency as a design tool. However, his own architecture still only reflected one style and did not truly express the diversity of individuals.

1. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) IN ARCHITECTURE
THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM (ARC61303/ARC2224)
SYNOPSIS: REACTION PAPER (AUGUST 2016) [10 MARKS]
NAME: ADIBAH BAHIAH BINTI AWANG ID: 0316318
LECTURER: PN NOR HAYATI HUSSAIN TUTORIAL TIME: 2.00 – 4.00
SYNOPSIS NO: 1 READER TITLE: IN THE CAUSE OF ARCHITECTURE, 1908
AUTHOR: FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
Nature is described as the ultimate being, with a capital N to give emphasis to it’s importance.
The paper expresses Frank Lloyd Wright’s passion driven from Nature, and how it has influenced his
architecture throughout time. According to Wright, Nature is constant and does not fluctuate
depending on what is socially acceptable. This is the main reason why he chose to use Nature as a
basis in explaining his principles, which resulted in his significant organic architecture.
The main problem addressed by Wright is how greatly the Industrial Revolution has affected the
world, and how it changed societal perceptions towards art and architecture. In a world of mass
production, pre fabrication and globalization – the fine arts movements were given into trends and
aesthetics were the least of the society’s concerns. Individuality was also non-existent, as everything
was merely just a copy of a copy. Wright (1908) suggested that “There should be as many kinds of
houses as there are kinds of people and as many differentiations as there are different individuals. A
man who has individuality has a right to its expression in his own environment.”
The philosophies presented in the paper is a great guideline for future references of the
construction industry and it upholds the credibility of architects in maintaining art in architecture, as
well as using something constant as Nature as a guideline and tools of design. However, if
architecture was meant to ease and simplify the lives of people, then it is arguable to say that
architecture during the revolution was a complete failure with a lack of integrity, as it reached out to
millions of people - and Wrights services were not necessarily “for the people”. At the time, it was
considered more of a privilege rather than a necessity. Also, it is ironic when Wright speaks of
individuality yet criticizes the choices of others in terms of personal preferences. Following a set of
rules or principles results in a similar style of architecture, which is the “Frank Lloyd Wright’s” style -
and does not necessarily reflect ones distinctive qualities, as people do come from different
environment which affects their personal preferences.

2. WORD COUNT 356
Key points (2.5)
Appropriateness of
Terminologies (2.5)
Clarity in Opinions and
Reactions (2.5)
Logical Progression (2.5)
DATE: TOTAL MARK & GRADE
ASSSESSED BY:

3. SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ASSESSMENT
RUBRIC
Grades Marks Key points (2.5) Appropriateness of
Terminologies (2.5)
Clarity in
Opinions and
Reactions (2.5)
Logical
Progression (2.5)
A 1.8 -
2.5
Evidence of
outstanding
understanding of Key
points through clear
explanation
Appropriate use of
Terminologies In
discussing the Issues/
Concepts/Theories
Outstanding
Clarity in opinions
and reactions -
Supported with
strong Logical
explanation
Outstanding
Articulation of
logical expressions
ending with well-
developed
paragraphs
B 1.5 -
1.79
Evidence of
understanding of Key
points through
reasonable
explanation
Reasonable use of
Terminologies In
discussing the Issues/
Concepts/Theories with
Minor unfamiliarity
Reasonable
clarity in opinions
and reactions -
Supported with
Logical
explanation
Reasonable
Articulation of
logical expressions
ending with well-
developed
paragraphs
C 1.25 -
1.49
Evidence of Some
Understanding of Key
points through
acceptable
explanation
Acceptable use of
Terminologies In
discussing the Issues/
Concepts/Theories with
Noticeable unfamiliarity
Acceptable
Clarity in opinions
and reactions -
Supported with
satisfactory
explanation
Acceptable
Articulation of
logical expressions
ending with some
ambiguous
statements
D 1 -
1.24
Evidence of Some
Understanding of Key
points through not
quite acceptable
explanation
Evidence of
Terminologies however
poorly communicated in
discussing The Issues/
Concepts/Theories With
Weak Clarity in
opinions and
reactions -
Supported with
Lengthy
explanation
Poor Articulation of
logical expressions
ending with
noticeable
ambiguous
statements
F 0 -
0.99
Insufficient Evidence
of Understanding of
Key points through
weak explanation
Insufficient Evidence of
Terminologies in
discussing the Issues/
Concepts/Theories With
Improper
opinions and
reactions. Not
Matching the
Issues/ Concepts/
Theories -
Inadequate
Reasons
Unable to
Articulate / illogical
expressions.
Poorly written
synopsis.