Frank Lloyd Wright's 1908 article "In The Cause for Architecture" outlined his early design philosophy which broke from eclecticism. Wright argued for simplicity and repose in architecture, with functional yet unadorned designs. He also emphasized individualism in developing unique architectural identities for different places. Lastly, Wright defined organic architecture as allowing buildings to naturally evolve from their context by carefully considering the harmony between users, buildings, and sites. While Wright's ideas influenced modern architecture, their full realization today faces challenges from new philosophies and contexts. Nonetheless, his contributions were pivotal in the development of modern architecture.
A B S T R A C T
Modernity has significantly influenced the branches of human knowledge; architecture has a substantial share in this effect. Modern architecture, in turn, was not a negative recipient to impact, but it was a positive catalyst for decades. Moreover, it did not limit to certain geographic boundaries, but it has spread all over the world and Cyprus was not an exception. Due to most of the Cypriot pioneer architects were studied in Europe; Cyprus was the incubator that has many architectural distinctive pieces of evidence of modern architecture. Perhaps the expert reader of the modern architectural discourse of Cyprus could distinguish numerous aesthetic features in Cyprus Buildings especially the private residences and their appearance is credited back to one of the pioneers of modern architecture; Le Corbusier. The research paper is an attempt to determine the influence of the principles that Le Corbusier claimed as keystones of modern architecture in early twenty century and how impressed on the emergence of aesthetic values of the modern architecture of Cyprus as well. The paper takes two works of Neoptolemos Michaelides, as case study (Neoptolemos Michaelides is considered the father of Cyprus modern architecture). The first case study is his and wife private residence, which considers the icon of the modern residential architecture of Cyprus and the other is the first residential project designed by him Theotodos Kanthos residence.
CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2018) 2(1), 1-12. Doi: 10.25034/ijcua.2017.3651
A B S T R A C T
Modernity has significantly influenced the branches of human knowledge; architecture has a substantial share in this effect. Modern architecture, in turn, was not a negative recipient to impact, but it was a positive catalyst for decades. Moreover, it did not limit to certain geographic boundaries, but it has spread all over the world and Cyprus was not an exception. Due to most of the Cypriot pioneer architects were studied in Europe; Cyprus was the incubator that has many architectural distinctive pieces of evidence of modern architecture. Perhaps the expert reader of the modern architectural discourse of Cyprus could distinguish numerous aesthetic features in Cyprus Buildings especially the private residences and their appearance is credited back to one of the pioneers of modern architecture; Le Corbusier. The research paper is an attempt to determine the influence of the principles that Le Corbusier claimed as keystones of modern architecture in early twenty century and how impressed on the emergence of aesthetic values of the modern architecture of Cyprus as well. The paper takes two works of Neoptolemos Michaelides, as case study (Neoptolemos Michaelides is considered the father of Cyprus modern architecture). The first case study is his and wife private residence, which considers the icon of the modern residential architecture of Cyprus and the other is the first residential project designed by him Theotodos Kanthos residence.
CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2018) 2(1), 1-12. Doi: 10.25034/ijcua.2017.3651
Topic: Critique the works of two architects
Type: Article Critique
Subject: Architecture
Academic Level: Masters
Style: Harvard
Language: English (U.S)
Number of pages: 8 (double-spaced, Times New Roman, Font 12)
Number of sources: 15
Task details:
Critique two architects; Aldo Rossi & James Stirling in relation to the following four themes:
Spatiality: Space & Place
Temporality: Time & temporality
Topography: Inhabitation & Horizon
Meaning: Poetics & Technology
You must use footnotes to in-text cite sources.
3 synopsis from readings by
a) Frank Lloyd Wright, “In the Cause of Architecture”, (1908)
b) Juhani Pallasma, “The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses”, (2007)
c) Kenneth Frampton ‘Towards Critical Regionalism: Six Points for an Architecture of Resistance. No.3&4
Topic: Critique the works of two architects
Type: Article Critique
Subject: Architecture
Academic Level: Masters
Style: Harvard
Language: English (U.S)
Number of pages: 8 (double-spaced, Times New Roman, Font 12)
Number of sources: 15
Task details:
Critique two architects; Aldo Rossi & James Stirling in relation to the following four themes:
Spatiality: Space & Place
Temporality: Time & temporality
Topography: Inhabitation & Horizon
Meaning: Poetics & Technology
You must use footnotes to in-text cite sources.
3 synopsis from readings by
a) Frank Lloyd Wright, “In the Cause of Architecture”, (1908)
b) Juhani Pallasma, “The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses”, (2007)
c) Kenneth Frampton ‘Towards Critical Regionalism: Six Points for an Architecture of Resistance. No.3&4
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1. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) IN ARCHITECTURE
THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM
(ARC61303)
SYNOPSIS: REACTION PAPER (MARCH 2018)
Name: Teoh Jun Xiang ID No.: 0322099
Lecturer: Mr. Nicholas Ng Tutorial Time: 10 – 12pm
Reader/Text Title: In The Cause for Architecture Synopsis No: 2
Author: Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright’s article “In The Cause for Architecture”, which was published in the Architectural Record
in 1908, stood out as it was his first attempt to summarize his design philosophy. As the pioneer of organic
and modern architecture, Wright was one of the first architects to break from eclecticism.
Wright began his writing by highlighting his first propositions: simplicity and repose, which he believed are
traits that define the true value of art. “Architecture is a scientific art.” (Wright, 1908, p. 57). As such, the final
characteristics of this art should be simple yet functional. The author further suggested that works should
continue to embody this trait in the future, to become more articulated without the need of excessive and
meaningless architectural elements (Wright, 1908, p. 57). Indeed, it is agreeable that, at times, less is a bore.
In addition, the author emphasized on individualism, which is the expression of one’s identity in an
environment (Wright, 1908, p. 52). Contrary to the negative effects of individualism discussed in Simmel’s
essay, Wright encouraged the idea in hopes that America will someday develop its own architectural identity
and refrain from the use of repetitive European architectural style (Wright, 1908, p.53). One must acknowledge
that it was his determination that led to the development of modern architecture as we know today.
Lastly, the author defined the meaning of organic contextual architecture, which is to allow buildings to evolve
naturally from their context (Wright, 1908, p. 52). We are encouraged to understand the organic nature of the
users, the building and its site in order to develop a harmony between them. By doing so, the building and its
natural context will function as a carefully considered whole, thus maintaining the integrity of these elements.
In a nutshell, the development of simple contextual architecture, as encouraged by Wright, could be taken
into consideration when designing buildings. However, its full realization in today’s construction industry may
not be completely applicable due to the emergence of new architectural philosophies and differing contextual
characteristics. Nonetheless, his contributions to the development of modern architecture is praiseworthy.
Word Count: 344 words Mark Grade
Assessed by: Date 23/5/18 Page No. 2
