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  1	
  
University of British Columbia
School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
Fall 2014
The Architecture of Conflict:
Understanding Multi-Levels of Conflict in the Built Environment
Course: ARCH 544p
Time: Wednesday 5:30pm – 8:30pm
Location: Room 205, Lasserre
Instructor: Alicia Breck
Phone: 778-871-1180
Email: alicia.breck@gmail.com
Office Hours: by appointment
OVERVIEW
Buildings reflect people. They also reflect in the interactions between people. As a result, there is
a growing awareness about the role the built environment plays in peace and conflict situations.
Understanding the multi-levels of conflict in buildings and cities may mean being able to
understand the elements of conflict better and [re]build for peace more successfully. Thus,
understanding how the built environment acts as a manifestation of people’s interactions is an
important skill to have when working in architecture and urban design. After all, a century of
man-made disaster has demonstrated that a “one-size fits all’ model of design is not an adequate
approach for multitude of people, communities, cities, and societies. How, then, do we create
better designs, better buildings, and better cities that reflect the people they are meant for?
AIMS + OBJECTIVES
The aim of this course is to explore and discuss how the architecture of buildings and cities
affect, and are affected by, multi-levels of conflict. To do so, we will take an interdisciplinary
approach to a) studying various theories that underpin the built environment as a reflection of
people, and b) the practical application of these theories as they exist in policy, politics, and
public opinion. This course explores architecture as a function of identity, culture, and politics.
Students will gain analytical tools to think critically about the impact of architecture on people, as
well as identify the politics at play during conflict and reconstruction. Therefore, their design and
built projects should address the social indicators in the built environment, including:
- multi-disciplinary approaches to conflict and the built environment
- policies and players that influence building and rebuilding
- current debates in peace, conflict, and reconstruction
STRUCTURE
This course will function as a think tank and forum for exploring issues related to conflict in the
built environment. In order to do so, the course will combine required readings with independent
research whereby each student will pursue a topic of their interest in relation to the course’s
themes. Students are expected develop their own reading list with the support of the instructor
to aid in their research trajectory.
This class will be based on lectures introduced by the instructor and continued by students as an
open discussion of a) the week’s lecture and assigned readings, and b) the students’ own
research into the area. Field trips and guest speakers will supplement classes where possible.
  2	
  
GRADING AND ASSIGNMENTS
Participation: 10%
Students are expected to contribute to class discussion either on weekly readings, their topic, or
their related independent research. They are also responsible for completing the weekly readings
in preparation for class discussions.
Map: 20%
Students will map the built environment of Vancouver* using themes and concepts discussed in
class to explore the different social elements of the built environment. The Map should reflect
course readings and address key themes people, architecture, and conflict. Map will be presented
in class with a 250 – 300 word write up to accompany it.
*Other cities will be considered if you have physical access to them (i.e. Victoria, Abbotsford)
What: Map, any format, + presentation + write-up
Length: 250 – 300 words, double-spaced
Due: Presented in class Oct. 8, map + written response due by 4:30pm Oct. 10
Critical Response Papers: 30%
Students will complete 2 Critical Response Papers worth 10% each over the length of the course.
These papers will critique a weekly course reading OR compare/contrast with a) another reading
that week, or b) one of the student’s readings from their independent research. They should
demonstrate an engagement with the ideas raised in the readings, resulting in clear and concise
arguments supported by a thesis statement and citations. Students MAY redo ONE Critical
Response Paper to improve their grade. Papers due by the beginning of class the week the
reading is being discussed.
What: Written response, essay format
Length: 800-1000 words, double-spaced
Due: 1st paper due BY OCT 29
2nd
paper due BY NOV 26
Term Project: 40%
Students are expected to create a final project that addresses the design components of a real
world conflict incorporating what they have learned over the term along with their own research.
In this project they are expected to address a component of architecture and conflict – this can
be a critique of a design response, a proposed solution, or an examination of architecture in
conflict, etc. The project’s topic components need to be discussed with the instructor.
What: Essay + presentation (incl. boards)
• Proposal = - 1 paragraph describing the project
- 5 key words for project
- Site for project
- Scope of project
- 5 key sources for project
• In-class presentation (Pecha Kucha)
• Essay: 2000 words, double-spaced
Due: Proposal due OCT 29
Presentation IN CLASS NOV 19
Essay due by midnight on DEC 11 (email to me)
  3	
  
COURSE READINGS
September 3: Introduction
September 10: Space, Place, and Architecture
This lecture will introduce the course by looking at key theories that define how we think of
spaces as physical and social, how they form meaning for people as sites and “places”, and how
we (re)build, consciously and unconsciously, via these perceptions, conceptions, and experiences.
Schmid, Christian. “Henri Lefebvre’s Theory of the Production of Space,” in Space,
Difference, and Everyday Life: Reading Henri Lefebvre, eds. Kanishka Goonewardena et
al. (New York: Routledge, 2008) - dropbox
Soja, Edward W. “Thirdspace: Expanding the Scope of Geographical Imagination,” in
Architecturally Speaking: Practices of Art, Architecture and Everyday, ed. Alan Read (New
York: Routledge, 2000) – online book
September 17: People & their Built Environment
This lecture will discuss in depth the different variables that impact people and their built
environment.
Fisher, Ronald J. “Needs Theory, Social Identity and an Eclectic Model of Conflict,” in
Conflict: Human Needs Theory, ed. John Burton (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1990)
- dropbox
Archer, John. “Architecture and the Production of Self, Culture, and Society” Journal of
the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol. 64, No. 4 (Dec., 2005), 430-433
http://www.jstor.org/stable/25068197?origin=JSTOR-pdf
September 24: Inside, Outside, and In-between
This lecture will build upon last week to look at how understand public vs. private space. We will
discuss how our [inter]actions in both settings affect one another and lead to various other type
of “inside” and “outside” spaces within politics and society as an extension of architecture.
Bickford, Susan. “Constructing Inequality: City Spaces and the Architecture of
Citizenship” Political Theory, Vol. 28, No. 3 (Jun., 2000), pp. 355-376
http://www.jstor.org/stable/192210
Dovey, Kim. “Myth and Media: Constructing Aboriginal Architecture” Journal of
Architectural Education, Vol. 54, No. 1 (Sep., 2000), pp. 2-6
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1425642
.
CURRENT EVENT: Abbotsford Homeless and Housing Issues
http://globalnews.ca/news/1156564/abbotsford-defeats-rezoning-for-new-housing-
project-for-homeless/
October 1: Attend Lecture by Herzog and De Meuron at the Vogue Theater
There will be a brief (1 hour) class discussion prior to the lecture to address the implications of
civic architecture, city identity, and [foreign vs. local] designers.
October 8: Map Presentations
October 15: Conflicting Space
This lecture will look at how ideas of space, place, identity, culture, and community tied to
architecture create conflict at various levels within society.
  4	
  
Weizman, Eyal. Politics of Verticality: Jerusalem
https://www.opendemocracy.net/ecology-politicsverticality/article_808.jsp
Graham, Stephen. “Disrupted by Design: Urban Infrastructure and Political Violence” in
Disrupted Cities: When Infrastructure Fails, eds. Stephen Graham (New York: Routledge,
2010). - dropbox
Massey, Doreen. “Geographies of Responsibility” Series B, Human Geography, Vol. 86,
No. 1, (2004), pp. 5-18
http://www.jstor.org/stable/3554456
.
CURRENT EVENT: Tent Cities as Protest
http://www.theprovince.com/news/tent+cities+work+look+winners+losers+Vancouver+
history+park+protests/10076640/story.html?__federated=1
October 22: “Warchitecture”
This lecture will discuss how cities are treated in war – how the buildings are viewed: differences
between how cultural buildings, industrial infrastructure, and housing are treated differently
under laws and acts of war.
Bevan, Robert. “Cultural Cleansing” in Archis Vol. 11: Cities Unbuilt (2007) - dropbox
Woods, Lebbeus. “No-Mans Land” in in Alan Read, ed. Architecturally Speaking:
Practices of Art, Architecture and Everyday (New York: Routledge, 2000) – online book
Herscher, Andrew. “Warchitectural Theory” in Journal of Architectural Education, 61:3
(2008) 35-43
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1531-314X.2007.00167.x
CURRENT EVENT: UN trial re: Shelling of Dubrovnik
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/28/world/ex-yugoslav-admiral-pleads-guilty-in-
shelling-of-dubrovnik.html
October 29: The Rebuilding Process
This lecture will look at the various levels of a rebuilding process, including guidelines,
participants, roles, and objectives.
Sphere Project: Handbook on Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in
Humanitarian Response (See Shelter and Settlements)
http://www.spherehandbook.org
Charlesworth, Esther. Architects Without Frontiers: War, Reconstruction and Design
Responsibility (Oxford: Elsevier, 2006) Ch. 6: Mostar – Reconstruction as Reconciliation
- dropbox
Aquilno, Marie et all. “The Architecture of Disaster Recovery: A Call to Arms for Designers
from the World’s Most Vulnerable Regions” The Solutions Journal Volume 2, Issue 5
(2011) http://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/node/979
***Interview with Marie Aquilino
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3-DnoZLGNA
November 5: In-Class Writing Workshop (using student final paper ideas)
  5	
  
November 12: Memorialization + Fetishization
This lecture will look at what gets rebuilt and why, focusing on the politics of identity, memory,
nationality, and glorification.
Doss, Erika. “Remembering 9/11: Memorials and Cultural Memory” OAH Magazine of
History, Vol. 25, No. 3, September 11: Ten Years After (July 2011), pp. 27-30
http://maghis.oxfordjournals.org.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/content/25/3/27
Woods, Lebbeus. Radical Reconstruction (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1997)
-dropbox
November 19: Term Project Presentations
November 26: Transitions
This lecture will look at cities after conflict and reconstruction to discuss the transition from war
to peace.
Calame, Jon and Esther Charlesworth. Divided Cities: Belfast, Beirut, Jerusalem, Mostar,
and Nicosia (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011) Ch. 2: Cities and
Physical Segregation
http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/books/9780812206852/9780812206852-8.pdf
Freschi, Federico. “Postapartheid Publics and the Politics of Ornament: Nationalism,
Identity, and the Rhetoric of Community in the Decorative Program of the New
Constitutional Court, Johannesburg” Africa Today, Vol. 54, No. 2 (Winter, 2007) pp. 27- 49
http://www.jstor.org/stable/27666891
e
December 11: Paper due

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ARCH 544p Syllabus Fall 2014 V2

  • 1.   1   University of British Columbia School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture Fall 2014 The Architecture of Conflict: Understanding Multi-Levels of Conflict in the Built Environment Course: ARCH 544p Time: Wednesday 5:30pm – 8:30pm Location: Room 205, Lasserre Instructor: Alicia Breck Phone: 778-871-1180 Email: alicia.breck@gmail.com Office Hours: by appointment OVERVIEW Buildings reflect people. They also reflect in the interactions between people. As a result, there is a growing awareness about the role the built environment plays in peace and conflict situations. Understanding the multi-levels of conflict in buildings and cities may mean being able to understand the elements of conflict better and [re]build for peace more successfully. Thus, understanding how the built environment acts as a manifestation of people’s interactions is an important skill to have when working in architecture and urban design. After all, a century of man-made disaster has demonstrated that a “one-size fits all’ model of design is not an adequate approach for multitude of people, communities, cities, and societies. How, then, do we create better designs, better buildings, and better cities that reflect the people they are meant for? AIMS + OBJECTIVES The aim of this course is to explore and discuss how the architecture of buildings and cities affect, and are affected by, multi-levels of conflict. To do so, we will take an interdisciplinary approach to a) studying various theories that underpin the built environment as a reflection of people, and b) the practical application of these theories as they exist in policy, politics, and public opinion. This course explores architecture as a function of identity, culture, and politics. Students will gain analytical tools to think critically about the impact of architecture on people, as well as identify the politics at play during conflict and reconstruction. Therefore, their design and built projects should address the social indicators in the built environment, including: - multi-disciplinary approaches to conflict and the built environment - policies and players that influence building and rebuilding - current debates in peace, conflict, and reconstruction STRUCTURE This course will function as a think tank and forum for exploring issues related to conflict in the built environment. In order to do so, the course will combine required readings with independent research whereby each student will pursue a topic of their interest in relation to the course’s themes. Students are expected develop their own reading list with the support of the instructor to aid in their research trajectory. This class will be based on lectures introduced by the instructor and continued by students as an open discussion of a) the week’s lecture and assigned readings, and b) the students’ own research into the area. Field trips and guest speakers will supplement classes where possible.
  • 2.   2   GRADING AND ASSIGNMENTS Participation: 10% Students are expected to contribute to class discussion either on weekly readings, their topic, or their related independent research. They are also responsible for completing the weekly readings in preparation for class discussions. Map: 20% Students will map the built environment of Vancouver* using themes and concepts discussed in class to explore the different social elements of the built environment. The Map should reflect course readings and address key themes people, architecture, and conflict. Map will be presented in class with a 250 – 300 word write up to accompany it. *Other cities will be considered if you have physical access to them (i.e. Victoria, Abbotsford) What: Map, any format, + presentation + write-up Length: 250 – 300 words, double-spaced Due: Presented in class Oct. 8, map + written response due by 4:30pm Oct. 10 Critical Response Papers: 30% Students will complete 2 Critical Response Papers worth 10% each over the length of the course. These papers will critique a weekly course reading OR compare/contrast with a) another reading that week, or b) one of the student’s readings from their independent research. They should demonstrate an engagement with the ideas raised in the readings, resulting in clear and concise arguments supported by a thesis statement and citations. Students MAY redo ONE Critical Response Paper to improve their grade. Papers due by the beginning of class the week the reading is being discussed. What: Written response, essay format Length: 800-1000 words, double-spaced Due: 1st paper due BY OCT 29 2nd paper due BY NOV 26 Term Project: 40% Students are expected to create a final project that addresses the design components of a real world conflict incorporating what they have learned over the term along with their own research. In this project they are expected to address a component of architecture and conflict – this can be a critique of a design response, a proposed solution, or an examination of architecture in conflict, etc. The project’s topic components need to be discussed with the instructor. What: Essay + presentation (incl. boards) • Proposal = - 1 paragraph describing the project - 5 key words for project - Site for project - Scope of project - 5 key sources for project • In-class presentation (Pecha Kucha) • Essay: 2000 words, double-spaced Due: Proposal due OCT 29 Presentation IN CLASS NOV 19 Essay due by midnight on DEC 11 (email to me)
  • 3.   3   COURSE READINGS September 3: Introduction September 10: Space, Place, and Architecture This lecture will introduce the course by looking at key theories that define how we think of spaces as physical and social, how they form meaning for people as sites and “places”, and how we (re)build, consciously and unconsciously, via these perceptions, conceptions, and experiences. Schmid, Christian. “Henri Lefebvre’s Theory of the Production of Space,” in Space, Difference, and Everyday Life: Reading Henri Lefebvre, eds. Kanishka Goonewardena et al. (New York: Routledge, 2008) - dropbox Soja, Edward W. “Thirdspace: Expanding the Scope of Geographical Imagination,” in Architecturally Speaking: Practices of Art, Architecture and Everyday, ed. Alan Read (New York: Routledge, 2000) – online book September 17: People & their Built Environment This lecture will discuss in depth the different variables that impact people and their built environment. Fisher, Ronald J. “Needs Theory, Social Identity and an Eclectic Model of Conflict,” in Conflict: Human Needs Theory, ed. John Burton (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1990) - dropbox Archer, John. “Architecture and the Production of Self, Culture, and Society” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol. 64, No. 4 (Dec., 2005), 430-433 http://www.jstor.org/stable/25068197?origin=JSTOR-pdf September 24: Inside, Outside, and In-between This lecture will build upon last week to look at how understand public vs. private space. We will discuss how our [inter]actions in both settings affect one another and lead to various other type of “inside” and “outside” spaces within politics and society as an extension of architecture. Bickford, Susan. “Constructing Inequality: City Spaces and the Architecture of Citizenship” Political Theory, Vol. 28, No. 3 (Jun., 2000), pp. 355-376 http://www.jstor.org/stable/192210 Dovey, Kim. “Myth and Media: Constructing Aboriginal Architecture” Journal of Architectural Education, Vol. 54, No. 1 (Sep., 2000), pp. 2-6 http://www.jstor.org/stable/1425642 . CURRENT EVENT: Abbotsford Homeless and Housing Issues http://globalnews.ca/news/1156564/abbotsford-defeats-rezoning-for-new-housing- project-for-homeless/ October 1: Attend Lecture by Herzog and De Meuron at the Vogue Theater There will be a brief (1 hour) class discussion prior to the lecture to address the implications of civic architecture, city identity, and [foreign vs. local] designers. October 8: Map Presentations October 15: Conflicting Space This lecture will look at how ideas of space, place, identity, culture, and community tied to architecture create conflict at various levels within society.
  • 4.   4   Weizman, Eyal. Politics of Verticality: Jerusalem https://www.opendemocracy.net/ecology-politicsverticality/article_808.jsp Graham, Stephen. “Disrupted by Design: Urban Infrastructure and Political Violence” in Disrupted Cities: When Infrastructure Fails, eds. Stephen Graham (New York: Routledge, 2010). - dropbox Massey, Doreen. “Geographies of Responsibility” Series B, Human Geography, Vol. 86, No. 1, (2004), pp. 5-18 http://www.jstor.org/stable/3554456 . CURRENT EVENT: Tent Cities as Protest http://www.theprovince.com/news/tent+cities+work+look+winners+losers+Vancouver+ history+park+protests/10076640/story.html?__federated=1 October 22: “Warchitecture” This lecture will discuss how cities are treated in war – how the buildings are viewed: differences between how cultural buildings, industrial infrastructure, and housing are treated differently under laws and acts of war. Bevan, Robert. “Cultural Cleansing” in Archis Vol. 11: Cities Unbuilt (2007) - dropbox Woods, Lebbeus. “No-Mans Land” in in Alan Read, ed. Architecturally Speaking: Practices of Art, Architecture and Everyday (New York: Routledge, 2000) – online book Herscher, Andrew. “Warchitectural Theory” in Journal of Architectural Education, 61:3 (2008) 35-43 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1531-314X.2007.00167.x CURRENT EVENT: UN trial re: Shelling of Dubrovnik http://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/28/world/ex-yugoslav-admiral-pleads-guilty-in- shelling-of-dubrovnik.html October 29: The Rebuilding Process This lecture will look at the various levels of a rebuilding process, including guidelines, participants, roles, and objectives. Sphere Project: Handbook on Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response (See Shelter and Settlements) http://www.spherehandbook.org Charlesworth, Esther. Architects Without Frontiers: War, Reconstruction and Design Responsibility (Oxford: Elsevier, 2006) Ch. 6: Mostar – Reconstruction as Reconciliation - dropbox Aquilno, Marie et all. “The Architecture of Disaster Recovery: A Call to Arms for Designers from the World’s Most Vulnerable Regions” The Solutions Journal Volume 2, Issue 5 (2011) http://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/node/979 ***Interview with Marie Aquilino https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3-DnoZLGNA November 5: In-Class Writing Workshop (using student final paper ideas)
  • 5.   5   November 12: Memorialization + Fetishization This lecture will look at what gets rebuilt and why, focusing on the politics of identity, memory, nationality, and glorification. Doss, Erika. “Remembering 9/11: Memorials and Cultural Memory” OAH Magazine of History, Vol. 25, No. 3, September 11: Ten Years After (July 2011), pp. 27-30 http://maghis.oxfordjournals.org.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/content/25/3/27 Woods, Lebbeus. Radical Reconstruction (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1997) -dropbox November 19: Term Project Presentations November 26: Transitions This lecture will look at cities after conflict and reconstruction to discuss the transition from war to peace. Calame, Jon and Esther Charlesworth. Divided Cities: Belfast, Beirut, Jerusalem, Mostar, and Nicosia (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011) Ch. 2: Cities and Physical Segregation http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/books/9780812206852/9780812206852-8.pdf Freschi, Federico. “Postapartheid Publics and the Politics of Ornament: Nationalism, Identity, and the Rhetoric of Community in the Decorative Program of the New Constitutional Court, Johannesburg” Africa Today, Vol. 54, No. 2 (Winter, 2007) pp. 27- 49 http://www.jstor.org/stable/27666891 e December 11: Paper due