Reinforcement learning:policy gradient (part 1)Bean Yen
The policy gradient theorem is from "Reinforcement Learning : An Introduction". DPG and DDPG is from the original paper.
original link https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1I3QqfY6h2Pb0a-KEIbKy6v5NuZtnTMLN16Fl-IuNtUo/edit?usp=sharing
A* and Min-Max Searching Algorithms in AI , DSA.pdfCS With Logic
A* and Min-Max Searching Algorithms in AI. Search algorithms are algorithms designed to search for or retrieve elements from a data structure, where they are stored. It is a searching algorithm that is used to find the shortest path between an initial and a final point. Mini-Max algorithm is a recursive or backtracking algorithm that is used in decision-making and game theory.
This document provides information about antihypertensive drugs. It defines hypertension as blood pressure higher than 140/90 mmHg according to WHO standards. It then discusses different classes of antihypertensive drugs including diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, and alpha blockers. For ACE inhibitors specifically, it explains their mechanism of inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, thereby lowering blood pressure by decreasing peripheral vascular resistance. Common ACE inhibitors mentioned are captopril, enalapril, and lisinopril.
Centrally acting muscle relaxants work in the central nervous system to reduce muscle tone and involuntary movements without affecting consciousness or voluntary movement. They are useful for relieving muscle spasms associated with conditions like tetanus, strychnine poisoning, and various spastic disorders. Common centrally acting muscle relaxants include mephenesin, methacarbamol, and chlorsoxazone. These drugs provide relief from muscle spasms and tremors through their sedative effects in the central nervous system. Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, and nausea.
Role of Neurotransmitter Dopamine in Symptoms of Schizophrenia-1.pptxNimish Savaliya
Dopamine receptors, especially D1 and D2, play an important role in symptoms of schizophrenia. D1 receptors are located in areas like the caudate and putamen and are involved in locomotion, reward, and reinforcement. D2 receptors are also located in these areas and the nucleus accumbens and are involved in similar functions. An imbalance in these pathways, such as too much activation of the D2 "stop" pathway, could contribute to symptoms like hallucinations and delusions seen in schizophrenia. The presentation discussed dopamine's role in different brain areas and pathways and how this relates to schizophrenia symptoms.
Anticholinergics work by blocking muscarinic acetylcholine receptors throughout the body, including in the brain, heart, glands and smooth muscles. They have a wide variety of uses such as treating gastrointestinal, respiratory and urinary disorders by reducing secretions and relaxing smooth muscles. Some examples of anticholinergics are atropine, ipratropium, and oxybutynin. Toxicity from overdose can cause symptoms like hyperthermia, delirium, tachycardia and potentially seizures or respiratory arrest.
This document provides an introduction to reinforcement learning. It defines reinforcement learning as finding a policy that maximizes the sum of rewards by interacting with an environment. It discusses key concepts like Markov decision processes, value functions, temporal difference learning, Q-learning, and deep reinforcement learning. The document also provides examples of applications in games, robotics, economics and comparisons of model-based planning versus model-free reinforcement learning approaches.
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a major neurotransmitter synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA. It exists in two types: muscarinic and nicotinic. Muscarinic receptors are selectively stimulated by muscarine and blocked by atropine, while nicotinic receptors are activated by nicotine and blocked by tubocurarine. ACh acts on muscarinic receptors in the CNS, smooth muscles, and glands to produce various effects like tremors, contraction, increased secretion, and accommodation. It acts on nicotinic receptors in the CNS and neuromuscular junction. Cholinergic agonists like ACh and carbachol mimic the actions of ACh
Reinforcement learning:policy gradient (part 1)Bean Yen
The policy gradient theorem is from "Reinforcement Learning : An Introduction". DPG and DDPG is from the original paper.
original link https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1I3QqfY6h2Pb0a-KEIbKy6v5NuZtnTMLN16Fl-IuNtUo/edit?usp=sharing
A* and Min-Max Searching Algorithms in AI , DSA.pdfCS With Logic
A* and Min-Max Searching Algorithms in AI. Search algorithms are algorithms designed to search for or retrieve elements from a data structure, where they are stored. It is a searching algorithm that is used to find the shortest path between an initial and a final point. Mini-Max algorithm is a recursive or backtracking algorithm that is used in decision-making and game theory.
This document provides information about antihypertensive drugs. It defines hypertension as blood pressure higher than 140/90 mmHg according to WHO standards. It then discusses different classes of antihypertensive drugs including diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, and alpha blockers. For ACE inhibitors specifically, it explains their mechanism of inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, thereby lowering blood pressure by decreasing peripheral vascular resistance. Common ACE inhibitors mentioned are captopril, enalapril, and lisinopril.
Centrally acting muscle relaxants work in the central nervous system to reduce muscle tone and involuntary movements without affecting consciousness or voluntary movement. They are useful for relieving muscle spasms associated with conditions like tetanus, strychnine poisoning, and various spastic disorders. Common centrally acting muscle relaxants include mephenesin, methacarbamol, and chlorsoxazone. These drugs provide relief from muscle spasms and tremors through their sedative effects in the central nervous system. Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, and nausea.
Role of Neurotransmitter Dopamine in Symptoms of Schizophrenia-1.pptxNimish Savaliya
Dopamine receptors, especially D1 and D2, play an important role in symptoms of schizophrenia. D1 receptors are located in areas like the caudate and putamen and are involved in locomotion, reward, and reinforcement. D2 receptors are also located in these areas and the nucleus accumbens and are involved in similar functions. An imbalance in these pathways, such as too much activation of the D2 "stop" pathway, could contribute to symptoms like hallucinations and delusions seen in schizophrenia. The presentation discussed dopamine's role in different brain areas and pathways and how this relates to schizophrenia symptoms.
Anticholinergics work by blocking muscarinic acetylcholine receptors throughout the body, including in the brain, heart, glands and smooth muscles. They have a wide variety of uses such as treating gastrointestinal, respiratory and urinary disorders by reducing secretions and relaxing smooth muscles. Some examples of anticholinergics are atropine, ipratropium, and oxybutynin. Toxicity from overdose can cause symptoms like hyperthermia, delirium, tachycardia and potentially seizures or respiratory arrest.
This document provides an introduction to reinforcement learning. It defines reinforcement learning as finding a policy that maximizes the sum of rewards by interacting with an environment. It discusses key concepts like Markov decision processes, value functions, temporal difference learning, Q-learning, and deep reinforcement learning. The document also provides examples of applications in games, robotics, economics and comparisons of model-based planning versus model-free reinforcement learning approaches.
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a major neurotransmitter synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA. It exists in two types: muscarinic and nicotinic. Muscarinic receptors are selectively stimulated by muscarine and blocked by atropine, while nicotinic receptors are activated by nicotine and blocked by tubocurarine. ACh acts on muscarinic receptors in the CNS, smooth muscles, and glands to produce various effects like tremors, contraction, increased secretion, and accommodation. It acts on nicotinic receptors in the CNS and neuromuscular junction. Cholinergic agonists like ACh and carbachol mimic the actions of ACh
1. The document derives formulas for the nth derivative of several standard functions:
- y = xm yields Dn xm = m!/(m-n)! xm-n
- y = ax + bm yields Dn(ax + bm) = m!/(m-n)! an ax + bm-n
- y = 1/(ax + b) yields Dn 1/(ax + b) = (-1)n n! an/(ax + b)n+1
2. It also provides the nth derivatives of more complex functions like logarithmic and fractional functions by using the above formulas.
3. Several problems are worked out as examples to find the nth derivative of various fractional functions.
The document summarizes the main muscles of the hand, including the flexors, which originate in the forearm and bend the fingers, the thenar and hypothenar eminences which contain muscles that move the thumb and pinky, and the extensors, which are also extrinsic muscles that straighten the fingers through tendons and an extensor hood. The volar plate is mentioned as a ligament that prevents backwards bending of the proximal finger joints.
This document discusses adrenergic receptors and modulators. It describes the sympathetic nervous system and neurotransmitters like norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. Norepinephrine is stored in synaptic vesicles and released via calcium-dependent fusion. Release can be modulated by prejunctional autoreceptors and heteroreceptors. There are alpha and beta adrenergic receptors which are G-protein coupled and have various effects. Drugs can affect receptors as agonists or antagonists and are used to treat conditions like hypertension and heart failure.
Reversal action of adrenaline on blood pressure in dogSameh Abdel-ghany
This document discusses the autonomic nervous system and the effects of adrenaline and norepinephrine on blood pressure. It notes that both hormones initially cause a rise in blood pressure through stimulation of alpha-1 receptors, but adrenaline can later cause a drop in blood pressure through stimulation of beta-2 receptors, which are more sensitive to small doses. The document provides details on the synthesis, mechanisms of action, pharmacological effects, clinical uses and side effects of adrenaline and norepinephrine.
Grover's algorithm is a quantum algorithm that allows finding an item in an unstructured database with fewer queries than classical algorithms. It works by amplifying the probability of measuring the target item. The key steps are: (1) initialize a superposition of all possible inputs, (2) apply an oracle to mark the target item, (3) apply Grover's diffusion operator to amplify the target amplitude, and (4) repeat steps 2-3 until the target can be measured with high probability. An example is using Grover's algorithm to find a phone number in an unsorted database with only sqrt(N) queries, compared to N/2 queries classically.
1. The document derives formulas for the nth derivative of several standard functions:
- y = xm yields Dn xm = m!/(m-n)! xm-n
- y = ax + bm yields Dn(ax + bm) = m!/(m-n)! an ax + bm-n
- y = 1/(ax + b) yields Dn 1/(ax + b) = (-1)n n! an/(ax + b)n+1
2. It also provides the nth derivatives of more complex functions like logarithmic and fractional functions by using the above formulas.
3. Several problems are worked out as examples to find the nth derivative of various fractional functions.
The document summarizes the main muscles of the hand, including the flexors, which originate in the forearm and bend the fingers, the thenar and hypothenar eminences which contain muscles that move the thumb and pinky, and the extensors, which are also extrinsic muscles that straighten the fingers through tendons and an extensor hood. The volar plate is mentioned as a ligament that prevents backwards bending of the proximal finger joints.
This document discusses adrenergic receptors and modulators. It describes the sympathetic nervous system and neurotransmitters like norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. Norepinephrine is stored in synaptic vesicles and released via calcium-dependent fusion. Release can be modulated by prejunctional autoreceptors and heteroreceptors. There are alpha and beta adrenergic receptors which are G-protein coupled and have various effects. Drugs can affect receptors as agonists or antagonists and are used to treat conditions like hypertension and heart failure.
Reversal action of adrenaline on blood pressure in dogSameh Abdel-ghany
This document discusses the autonomic nervous system and the effects of adrenaline and norepinephrine on blood pressure. It notes that both hormones initially cause a rise in blood pressure through stimulation of alpha-1 receptors, but adrenaline can later cause a drop in blood pressure through stimulation of beta-2 receptors, which are more sensitive to small doses. The document provides details on the synthesis, mechanisms of action, pharmacological effects, clinical uses and side effects of adrenaline and norepinephrine.
Grover's algorithm is a quantum algorithm that allows finding an item in an unstructured database with fewer queries than classical algorithms. It works by amplifying the probability of measuring the target item. The key steps are: (1) initialize a superposition of all possible inputs, (2) apply an oracle to mark the target item, (3) apply Grover's diffusion operator to amplify the target amplitude, and (4) repeat steps 2-3 until the target can be measured with high probability. An example is using Grover's algorithm to find a phone number in an unsorted database with only sqrt(N) queries, compared to N/2 queries classically.
This document appears to be in Chinese and discusses a herbal medicine practitioner named Zhou Sunhong. However, as the document is in Chinese I do not have enough contextual information to provide a meaningful 3 sentence summary.