This document discusses regulatory and contractual aspects of urban mobility systems. It outlines the different levels and agents involved in decision making for transportation. Introducing a new mode like bus rapid transit changes the roles of different agents and relationships between them. The document also discusses institutions, regulatory frameworks, and different types of contracts used between transportation authorities and operators. Finally, it addresses using regulations and contracts to monitor performance and drive better outcomes in urban mobility systems.
Webinar: Regulatory organization and contractual relationsBRTCoE
This document discusses urban mobility systems and the introduction of bus rapid transit. It covers the key agents in urban mobility systems, including transport authorities, mobility operators, and policy makers. It also discusses the different decision levels from strategic to tactical to operational. When introducing a new mode like BRT, it can change the roles of each mode/service and the relations between different agents. The document also examines institutions, regulatory frameworks, and contractual relations between agents as important factors that can drive performance in the system.
Specific challenges of stakeholder engagement seen from the experience of ref...OECD Governance
Paper by Florentin Blanc & Giuseppa Ottimofiore, prepared for the 6th Expert Meeting on Measuring Regulatory Performance: Evaluating Stakeholder Engagement in Regulatory Policy, Breakout Session 3, The Hague, 16-18 June 2014. Further information is available at http://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/
An inefficient inspections regime imposes direct costs on businesses and can negatively impact investment and growth. Reforming inspections to be more risk-based, coordinated, transparent and reduce administrative burdens can improve the business environment and competitiveness. The World Bank Group has supported inspections reforms in many developing countries through approaches like establishing a legislative framework, increasing transparency, consolidating agencies, and using information technology for planning and communication. However, challenges remain in fully implementing reforms due to issues like fragmented laws, cultural resistance to change, and lack of accurate business data.
This document discusses accountability and conduct regimes that have been introduced by various regulators to promote individual accountability in financial institutions. It focuses on the Monetary Authority of Singapore's proposed Guidelines on Individual Accountability and Conduct. The guidelines aim to clearly identify senior managers responsible for core management functions, ensure senior managers are fit and proper for their roles, and establish standards of proper conduct for all employees. The document examines challenges for financial institutions in complying with the guidelines, such as mapping management structures and responsibilities in large, complex organizations operating across multiple jurisdictions. It also discusses ensuring clear ownership of risks across the three lines of defense.
The document discusses the implications of emergent interoperability based on a roadmap by FInES. It makes three key points:
1. Interoperating systems are complex systems that self-organize, but the direction of this organization is uncertain.
2. Interoperability, like well-regulated systems, is an emergent property where prediction may become imprecise but still informative, requiring approximate predictions and tolerant regulation.
3. Interoperability creates diverse new types of interactions beyond simple competition/monopoly models, requiring consideration of consequences rather than just forms of interaction through stakeholder engagement.
Regulating work and employment: in search of a more comprehensive paradigm NuBizHRMWE
The document discusses the limitations of the traditional paradigm of industrial relations and employment regulation. It argues a new paradigm is needed to address the decline of trade unions, changes in production strategies, and dualism in labor markets. Specifically:
- The traditional model focused on interactions between workers, employers and the state, relying on collective bargaining, but trade union membership and influence have declined.
- It operated at the national and company levels but did not account for multinational corporations or new forms of employment.
- Existing weaknesses, like lack of representation for some groups, were exacerbated by economic and political shifts since the 1970s.
- A new approach is required that considers developments at the margins of the old
Webinar: Regulatory organization and contractual relationsBRTCoE
This document discusses urban mobility systems and the introduction of bus rapid transit. It covers the key agents in urban mobility systems, including transport authorities, mobility operators, and policy makers. It also discusses the different decision levels from strategic to tactical to operational. When introducing a new mode like BRT, it can change the roles of each mode/service and the relations between different agents. The document also examines institutions, regulatory frameworks, and contractual relations between agents as important factors that can drive performance in the system.
Specific challenges of stakeholder engagement seen from the experience of ref...OECD Governance
Paper by Florentin Blanc & Giuseppa Ottimofiore, prepared for the 6th Expert Meeting on Measuring Regulatory Performance: Evaluating Stakeholder Engagement in Regulatory Policy, Breakout Session 3, The Hague, 16-18 June 2014. Further information is available at http://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/
An inefficient inspections regime imposes direct costs on businesses and can negatively impact investment and growth. Reforming inspections to be more risk-based, coordinated, transparent and reduce administrative burdens can improve the business environment and competitiveness. The World Bank Group has supported inspections reforms in many developing countries through approaches like establishing a legislative framework, increasing transparency, consolidating agencies, and using information technology for planning and communication. However, challenges remain in fully implementing reforms due to issues like fragmented laws, cultural resistance to change, and lack of accurate business data.
This document discusses accountability and conduct regimes that have been introduced by various regulators to promote individual accountability in financial institutions. It focuses on the Monetary Authority of Singapore's proposed Guidelines on Individual Accountability and Conduct. The guidelines aim to clearly identify senior managers responsible for core management functions, ensure senior managers are fit and proper for their roles, and establish standards of proper conduct for all employees. The document examines challenges for financial institutions in complying with the guidelines, such as mapping management structures and responsibilities in large, complex organizations operating across multiple jurisdictions. It also discusses ensuring clear ownership of risks across the three lines of defense.
The document discusses the implications of emergent interoperability based on a roadmap by FInES. It makes three key points:
1. Interoperating systems are complex systems that self-organize, but the direction of this organization is uncertain.
2. Interoperability, like well-regulated systems, is an emergent property where prediction may become imprecise but still informative, requiring approximate predictions and tolerant regulation.
3. Interoperability creates diverse new types of interactions beyond simple competition/monopoly models, requiring consideration of consequences rather than just forms of interaction through stakeholder engagement.
Regulating work and employment: in search of a more comprehensive paradigm NuBizHRMWE
The document discusses the limitations of the traditional paradigm of industrial relations and employment regulation. It argues a new paradigm is needed to address the decline of trade unions, changes in production strategies, and dualism in labor markets. Specifically:
- The traditional model focused on interactions between workers, employers and the state, relying on collective bargaining, but trade union membership and influence have declined.
- It operated at the national and company levels but did not account for multinational corporations or new forms of employment.
- Existing weaknesses, like lack of representation for some groups, were exacerbated by economic and political shifts since the 1970s.
- A new approach is required that considers developments at the margins of the old
This document discusses principles and strategies for strengthening local governance and citizen participation. It explores concepts like decentralization, good local governance, and citizen-government relationships. It examines factors that influence whether decentralization effectively serves the poor. It also analyzes characteristics of local democratic politics, ways to strengthen accountability and participation, and approaches to community development through local government cooperation.
This document discusses approaches to measuring public sector productivity and performance. It covers two main approaches: improving organizational processes and technology, and implementing performance management systems like the Government Performance and Results Act. It also discusses initiatives by Clinton, Bush, and Obama to reform government and use data/technology to increase transparency, accountability and citizen engagement. While these aimed to improve efficiency, questions remain around balancing priorities like accountability, democracy and equity.
Note: the results of this discussion are available at: http://www.slideshare.net/marketfacil/systemic-mand-e-synthesis-31jan2013
This is the first version of the paper that we will use to promote debate, reflection and progress around the systemic M&E initiative. The initiative’s main objective is to promote a rethink of how we measure our impacts on market systems and their evolution towards more inclusion, productivity and efficiency (i.e. how do we know that the markets systems we work with are actually going to continue reducing poverty and protecting the environment even after we have left the scene).
The paper is a live document and it is intended to evolve with the conversations that donors, academic researchers, and practitioners working in inclusive market development and finance/microfinance development. Most of these conversations will take place in MaFI, in USAID’s Microlinks (23-25 Oct, 2012) and the SEEP 2012 Annual Conference. Your comments and questions are welcome (please use the comments box here).
The systemic M&E is one of the concrete solutions proposed by the MaFI-festo (http://slidesha.re/mafifesto2) to make international development cooperation more facilitation-friendly, and therefore, more cost-effective.
The document summarizes the key findings and recommendations from the Legal Education and Training Review (LETR) regarding legal education and training in the UK. The LETR sought to enhance the quality, accessibility, and flexibility of legal education and training systems. Its recommendations included a greater emphasis on assuring continuing competence through workplace learning/CPD, needs-led approaches, standardized vocational assessment, and increased flexibility in delivering legal education. Implementing the recommendations will require resources, coordination between stakeholders, and ongoing evaluation to ensure links between education and competence.
Presentation by Vincent Tophoff, Senior Technical Manager, IFAC, at the Contribution of the Comptroller General of Chile to Good Governance in the Public Sector, in Santiago,Chile, January 2015.
The document provides guidance on conducting feasibility studies for broadband network projects. It discusses conducting an educational phase to develop political support, then a feasibility stage to determine viable options. If feasible, the design and implementation stage executes the project. Key areas covered in a feasibility study include services, operations, architecture, finances, and governance. The summary outlines the main components and goals of each project phase.
The document provides an agenda for an online and new media class that includes discussing chapters from an analytics textbook, preparing for a digital marketing plan project, and what information is needed about a company to create an effective digital marketing plan. It also reviews key points from the textbook chapter on social media listening and engagement tools and outlines the requirements for the digital marketing plan assignment, including writing summaries, presentations, and a written marketing plan.
Clasificación de los géneros cinematograficosDoris Solanilla
El documento clasifica diferentes tipos de películas por su público objetivo, contenido y temática. Identifica películas infantiles, juveniles, para adultos y familiares. También describe películas animadas e imágenes reales, cine mudo y sonoro, 2D y 3D, e IMAX. Además, categoriza películas por su tema, incluyendo bélicas, contemporáneas, de crimen, deportivas, gangsters, históricas, policiacas, western, religiosas, épicas y futuristas.
Lottie Bell is a 9-year-old actress incorporated at the last minute into a music video to provide additional narrative structure and intrigue. While the initial draft focused solely on the main actress Erin in the bath, Lottie plays Erin's younger self in black-and-white flashbacks. This gives context to Erin's character and addresses feedback that the first draft was repetitive. Lottie resembles Erin, allowing for continuity between the time periods. For the shoot, Lottie was filmed naturally playing as a child would, doing activities like planting seeds, jumping on a trampoline, and climbing to depict Erin's younger, freer years.
Jan Proudfoot has over 21 years of experience in IT training, specializing in Adobe InDesign and Microsoft Office products. She has worked in magazine and book publishing for 12 years. Jan conducts thorough training needs analyses to customize training for clients. She has created both online and printed training materials ranging from short sessions to 3-day courses. Jan is skilled in Word, PowerPoint, InDesign and has helped art directors transition projects from QuarkXpress to InDesign. She is organized, process-driven and able to quickly learn new software applications. Jan takes pride in consistency, detail and collaborating with colleagues.
Laura DePeters is the Social Media Channels Manager at Habitat for Humanity International. She is asking affiliates about their most engaging social media post and examples of responding positively to controversial topics on social media.
Este documento define una droga como cualquier sustancia que produce efectos en el sistema nervioso central y modifica el estado de ánimo o produce placer, con potencial de abuso. Clasifica las drogas en medicamentos obtenidos con receta, sustancias ilícitas cuyo comercio es ilegal según la legislación, y sustancias lícitas como el alcohol. Identifica las causas de la drogadicción como problemas familiares, influencias sociales y curiosidad, y sus consecuencias como trastornos fisiológicos y psicológicos, deterioro de
La actividad invita a observar imágenes y comentar si se sintió empatía por lo mostrado y por qué. Se pide reflexionar sobre la experiencia de ver diferentes escenas y si estas generaron sentimientos de conexión o preocupación con lo representado.
Future BRT systems aim to provide metro-like service quality with buses. This can be achieved through segregated lanes, reduced dwell times, off-bus fare payment, and increased distance between stations. Express services and traffic signal priority further improve speed and reliability. Maintaining regular headways is challenging due to the inherently unstable nature of bus operations but is critical to maximize capacity and minimize passenger wait times. Real-time GPS data can be used to develop control mechanisms to avoid bus bunching through timely interventions.
La lista de cotejo es un instrumento que permite identificar el comportamiento y logros de los estudiantes mediante indicadores en áreas como habilidades, destrezas y actitudes. Recoge información sobre manifestaciones conductuales relacionadas con el saber hacer, saber ser y saber convivir. Una rúbrica es una guía de evaluación que mide el trabajo de los estudiantes basándose en una variedad de criterios en lugar de una sola calificación. Proporciona expectativas claras a estudiantes y profesores, y puede utilizarse para mejorar la calidad del apre
Theme 6 BRT vs. LRT moving beyond emotional biasBRTCoE
This document summarizes a presentation on critical elements of successful bus rapid transit (BRT) systems and gaining public support for BRT over light rail transit (LRT) systems. The presentation discusses existing evidence on ridership drivers for BRT systems and potential service and design barriers that influence public perceptions of BRT versus LRT. It also describes a best-worst choice experiment conducted with residents of six Australian cities to measure perceptions of statements related to BRT and LRT services and identify key factors influencing support for different public transit modes. The results showed many similar voting preferences between public transit users and non-users, but also some differences in how much certain attributes were valued.
Ashleigh Walker is seeking a leadership role where she can utilize her experience managing teams and driving improvements. She has a bachelor's degree in electronics technology from DeVry University along with continuing education. Her work history includes managing over 3000 recruiters and ensuring hiring goals were met at SMX, maintaining and repairing military vehicles for the U.S. Air National Guard and Army, managing day-to-day operations as a store manager at Lockheed Martin Recreation, and assisting with various tasks as a personal assistant at HTM Powerboats. She is a quick learner, hard worker, and remains calm under pressure.
Este documento describe el concepto de Entorno Personal para Aprender (PLE, por sus siglas en inglés). Explica que un PLE es el conjunto de herramientas, fuentes de información, conexiones y actividades que una persona usa regularmente para aprender. Un PLE ofrece una visión más amplia del aprendizaje que los métodos tradicionales y permite aprender en el idioma, tiempo y manera preferidos por cada usuario, además de colaborar e intercambiar opiniones con otros. Los componentes clave de un PLE incluyen herramient
This document discusses principles and strategies for strengthening local governance and citizen participation. It explores concepts like decentralization, good local governance, and citizen-government relationships. It examines factors that influence whether decentralization effectively serves the poor. It also analyzes characteristics of local democratic politics, ways to strengthen accountability and participation, and approaches to community development through local government cooperation.
This document discusses approaches to measuring public sector productivity and performance. It covers two main approaches: improving organizational processes and technology, and implementing performance management systems like the Government Performance and Results Act. It also discusses initiatives by Clinton, Bush, and Obama to reform government and use data/technology to increase transparency, accountability and citizen engagement. While these aimed to improve efficiency, questions remain around balancing priorities like accountability, democracy and equity.
Note: the results of this discussion are available at: http://www.slideshare.net/marketfacil/systemic-mand-e-synthesis-31jan2013
This is the first version of the paper that we will use to promote debate, reflection and progress around the systemic M&E initiative. The initiative’s main objective is to promote a rethink of how we measure our impacts on market systems and their evolution towards more inclusion, productivity and efficiency (i.e. how do we know that the markets systems we work with are actually going to continue reducing poverty and protecting the environment even after we have left the scene).
The paper is a live document and it is intended to evolve with the conversations that donors, academic researchers, and practitioners working in inclusive market development and finance/microfinance development. Most of these conversations will take place in MaFI, in USAID’s Microlinks (23-25 Oct, 2012) and the SEEP 2012 Annual Conference. Your comments and questions are welcome (please use the comments box here).
The systemic M&E is one of the concrete solutions proposed by the MaFI-festo (http://slidesha.re/mafifesto2) to make international development cooperation more facilitation-friendly, and therefore, more cost-effective.
The document summarizes the key findings and recommendations from the Legal Education and Training Review (LETR) regarding legal education and training in the UK. The LETR sought to enhance the quality, accessibility, and flexibility of legal education and training systems. Its recommendations included a greater emphasis on assuring continuing competence through workplace learning/CPD, needs-led approaches, standardized vocational assessment, and increased flexibility in delivering legal education. Implementing the recommendations will require resources, coordination between stakeholders, and ongoing evaluation to ensure links between education and competence.
Presentation by Vincent Tophoff, Senior Technical Manager, IFAC, at the Contribution of the Comptroller General of Chile to Good Governance in the Public Sector, in Santiago,Chile, January 2015.
The document provides guidance on conducting feasibility studies for broadband network projects. It discusses conducting an educational phase to develop political support, then a feasibility stage to determine viable options. If feasible, the design and implementation stage executes the project. Key areas covered in a feasibility study include services, operations, architecture, finances, and governance. The summary outlines the main components and goals of each project phase.
The document provides an agenda for an online and new media class that includes discussing chapters from an analytics textbook, preparing for a digital marketing plan project, and what information is needed about a company to create an effective digital marketing plan. It also reviews key points from the textbook chapter on social media listening and engagement tools and outlines the requirements for the digital marketing plan assignment, including writing summaries, presentations, and a written marketing plan.
Clasificación de los géneros cinematograficosDoris Solanilla
El documento clasifica diferentes tipos de películas por su público objetivo, contenido y temática. Identifica películas infantiles, juveniles, para adultos y familiares. También describe películas animadas e imágenes reales, cine mudo y sonoro, 2D y 3D, e IMAX. Además, categoriza películas por su tema, incluyendo bélicas, contemporáneas, de crimen, deportivas, gangsters, históricas, policiacas, western, religiosas, épicas y futuristas.
Lottie Bell is a 9-year-old actress incorporated at the last minute into a music video to provide additional narrative structure and intrigue. While the initial draft focused solely on the main actress Erin in the bath, Lottie plays Erin's younger self in black-and-white flashbacks. This gives context to Erin's character and addresses feedback that the first draft was repetitive. Lottie resembles Erin, allowing for continuity between the time periods. For the shoot, Lottie was filmed naturally playing as a child would, doing activities like planting seeds, jumping on a trampoline, and climbing to depict Erin's younger, freer years.
Jan Proudfoot has over 21 years of experience in IT training, specializing in Adobe InDesign and Microsoft Office products. She has worked in magazine and book publishing for 12 years. Jan conducts thorough training needs analyses to customize training for clients. She has created both online and printed training materials ranging from short sessions to 3-day courses. Jan is skilled in Word, PowerPoint, InDesign and has helped art directors transition projects from QuarkXpress to InDesign. She is organized, process-driven and able to quickly learn new software applications. Jan takes pride in consistency, detail and collaborating with colleagues.
Laura DePeters is the Social Media Channels Manager at Habitat for Humanity International. She is asking affiliates about their most engaging social media post and examples of responding positively to controversial topics on social media.
Este documento define una droga como cualquier sustancia que produce efectos en el sistema nervioso central y modifica el estado de ánimo o produce placer, con potencial de abuso. Clasifica las drogas en medicamentos obtenidos con receta, sustancias ilícitas cuyo comercio es ilegal según la legislación, y sustancias lícitas como el alcohol. Identifica las causas de la drogadicción como problemas familiares, influencias sociales y curiosidad, y sus consecuencias como trastornos fisiológicos y psicológicos, deterioro de
La actividad invita a observar imágenes y comentar si se sintió empatía por lo mostrado y por qué. Se pide reflexionar sobre la experiencia de ver diferentes escenas y si estas generaron sentimientos de conexión o preocupación con lo representado.
Future BRT systems aim to provide metro-like service quality with buses. This can be achieved through segregated lanes, reduced dwell times, off-bus fare payment, and increased distance between stations. Express services and traffic signal priority further improve speed and reliability. Maintaining regular headways is challenging due to the inherently unstable nature of bus operations but is critical to maximize capacity and minimize passenger wait times. Real-time GPS data can be used to develop control mechanisms to avoid bus bunching through timely interventions.
La lista de cotejo es un instrumento que permite identificar el comportamiento y logros de los estudiantes mediante indicadores en áreas como habilidades, destrezas y actitudes. Recoge información sobre manifestaciones conductuales relacionadas con el saber hacer, saber ser y saber convivir. Una rúbrica es una guía de evaluación que mide el trabajo de los estudiantes basándose en una variedad de criterios en lugar de una sola calificación. Proporciona expectativas claras a estudiantes y profesores, y puede utilizarse para mejorar la calidad del apre
Theme 6 BRT vs. LRT moving beyond emotional biasBRTCoE
This document summarizes a presentation on critical elements of successful bus rapid transit (BRT) systems and gaining public support for BRT over light rail transit (LRT) systems. The presentation discusses existing evidence on ridership drivers for BRT systems and potential service and design barriers that influence public perceptions of BRT versus LRT. It also describes a best-worst choice experiment conducted with residents of six Australian cities to measure perceptions of statements related to BRT and LRT services and identify key factors influencing support for different public transit modes. The results showed many similar voting preferences between public transit users and non-users, but also some differences in how much certain attributes were valued.
Ashleigh Walker is seeking a leadership role where she can utilize her experience managing teams and driving improvements. She has a bachelor's degree in electronics technology from DeVry University along with continuing education. Her work history includes managing over 3000 recruiters and ensuring hiring goals were met at SMX, maintaining and repairing military vehicles for the U.S. Air National Guard and Army, managing day-to-day operations as a store manager at Lockheed Martin Recreation, and assisting with various tasks as a personal assistant at HTM Powerboats. She is a quick learner, hard worker, and remains calm under pressure.
Este documento describe el concepto de Entorno Personal para Aprender (PLE, por sus siglas en inglés). Explica que un PLE es el conjunto de herramientas, fuentes de información, conexiones y actividades que una persona usa regularmente para aprender. Un PLE ofrece una visión más amplia del aprendizaje que los métodos tradicionales y permite aprender en el idioma, tiempo y manera preferidos por cada usuario, además de colaborar e intercambiar opiniones con otros. Los componentes clave de un PLE incluyen herramient
Effective governance is a critically important enabler in achieving “top performer” status. “Governance” is the third topic in a supply chain learning series presented by ScottMadden and Shared Services & Outsourcing Network (SSON). In this session, we focus on the key building blocks of effective supply chain governance models including decision rights, performance metrics, service level agreements, and issue escalation/resolution. In addition, we discuss how to create alignment across an enterprise for a consistent supply chain strategy that clearly differentiates transactional efficiency from higher-value, strategic activities.
The document discusses strategies for achieving "more for less" in public services. It argues that expecting large efficiency savings through initiatives like outsourcing and austerity is unrealistic and often leads to declining outcomes. True improvement requires a holistic approach including co-production with communities, outcomes-based management, cross-sector collaboration, and accepting different risk-cost tradeoffs. Relying only on short-term cost cutting risks undermining long-term quality and sustainability of services.
This document discusses how civil society organizations can collaborate to deliver public services through larger contracts. It explores the benefits of forming consortiums, such as gaining access to larger contracts, providing holistic services, and mitigating risks. The document provides examples of consortium models and offers best practices for collaboration, including establishing clear roles, communications, and subcontracts between members. The overall goal is for non-profits to work together to better serve communities through public sector delivery.
The OECD works to improve regulatory policy and governance through its regulatory policy division. Regulatory policy seeks to change how governments design and deliver regulation to improve outcomes. It focuses on improving regulatory processes upstream in government as well as downstream and outside of government. The OECD's recommendations include having a strategic regulatory policy, oversight bodies, impact assessments, reducing administrative burdens on business, and international cooperation on regulatory issues. Effective regulatory policy requires coordination between different levels of government.
The document discusses ex ante and ex post approaches to regulatory impact assessment. Ex ante approaches involve projecting the effects of a policy change using economic modeling before implementation. Ex post approaches use historical data after a policy's enactment. The document also outlines key elements of ex ante impact assessments, including assessing fiscal, administrative, economic, social, and environmental impacts. Methodologies for ex ante impact assessments include cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and multi-criteria analysis. Distributional analyses are also important to understand a policy's unintended consequences.
2.30 3.00pm Understanding Vocab Of Perf Mgmt (Jim Brumby)icgfmconference
This document discusses performance budgeting and related concepts. It defines key terms like inputs, outputs, outcomes, and indicators. It also describes the results chain showing how inputs lead to activities, outputs, and intermediate and final outcomes. The document notes there are varying interests in performance like those of purchasers, suppliers, and regulators. It outlines objectives of performance budgeting like improving allocative and operational efficiency. Finally, it describes different OECD models of performance budgeting on a spectrum from contractual to program budgeting.
Workshop 2: Value Chain Development and Inclusive Business Models at The Caribbean-Pacific Agri-Food Forum 2015 (CPAF2015) taking place 2-6 November in Barbados with support from the Intra-ACP Agricultural Policy programme, organized in partnership with the Barbados Agricultural Society (BAS) and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA). http://www.cta.int/en/news/caribbean-pacific-agri-food-forum.html
Building FTA capacities for systemic and structural transformations: New FTA ...Totti Könnölä
Transformations linked to disruptive events are causing a shift in Future-oriented Technology Analysis (FTA) activities from individual large-scale foresight actions to smaller in-house exercises and capacity-building. The reasons are manifold relating to the need for an even tighter embedding of FTA in policy-making in a fast-changing, complex environment as well as to internal drivers for novel forms of future intelligence to support coordinated and coherent decisions within and across organisations. The paper identifies three ideal types; external FTA services, the institutionalisation of FTA, and FTA networks, whilst recognising that in practice these types are complementary. In empirical terms this requires further investigation, in order to understand how different combinations of activities in effect operate in their respective decision-making context. It is important to improve our understanding of how far institutionalised FTA can form part of the solution for building capacity to handle disruptions. Many sorts of combinations of elements from different organisational models are needed to enable learning, experimentation and capability development appropriate for the wider decision making context in which FTA is embedded. This paper explores the extent to which FTA can provide enhanced support to decision-making through customised organisational models and corresponding capability thus enabling them to anticipate and address disruptive change and associated challenges.
The document summarizes feedback from stakeholders on a proposed integrated service delivery framework for Employment Ontario. Key themes from focus groups included: support for more integrated services across ministries but differing views on the best approach; a need to focus on customers rather than individual programs; and importance of community involvement but with provincial coordination. Stakeholders generally preferred maintaining the current distributed service delivery model over introducing lead provider hubs, citing concerns about flexibility and customer choice. Developing clear service standards, pathways for customers, and collaboration mechanisms among providers were seen as priorities to strengthen employment supports across Ontario.
Presentazione di Antonio Cordella al seminario "E-Government: Teorie e Pratiche nei Paesi Maturi e in via di Sviluppo"
www.thinkinnovation.org
www.forumpa.it
Value chain methodology: Potential use by the Ethiopian Livestock Feed (ELF) ...ILRI
Presented by Getachew Legese (EIAR) at the inception meeting for the ‘Fodder and feed in livestock value chains in Ethiopia’ project, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 21-22 February 2012
eGovernment measurement for policy makersePractice.eu
Author: Jeremy Millard.
The eGovernment policy focus has moved over the last five years from being mainly concerned with efficiency to being concerned both with efficiency and effectiveness. This paper examines the current and future development of eGovernment policy making, and the critical role that measurement and impact analysis has in it.
Governance of Regulators’ Practices: Accountability, Transparency, Co-ordinationOECD Governance
Presentation by Filippo Cavassini, Policy Analyst, Regulatory Policy Division, OECD, at the II Competition and Regulation Forum: “Reaching for market efficiency” which took place in Mexico on 9-10 January 2018. Further information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/.
The MaFI-festo is one of MaFI’s initiatives to change the world. The MaFI festo is about promoting collaboration between practitioners, donors and other key stakeholders to boost development effectiveness through facilitation of inclusive markets and private sector engagement.
The document discusses how shared services and information technologies are transforming private corporations and examines if public sectors could benefit from similar initiatives. It provides details on how shared services projects have delivered progress over 20 years by consolidating resources across businesses and countries. While originally focused on cost reductions, they now aim to add more value. The document also discusses key factors for successful transitions like having executive sponsors, change management processes, and redefining civil servant skills for new citizen-focused tasks.
Governance in public administration and public policyAbubakar S. Mama
This document discusses the traditional model of public administration, the challenges to that model, and the New Public Management (NPM) reforms introduced in response. It outlines how NPM reforms like privatization, decentralization, and introducing competition and market mechanisms aimed to improve efficiency but also led to more complex networks and fragmentation, posing challenges for coordination and democratic accountability.
Service Quality At Univrsity Of Dar Es Salaam Business...Jan Champagne
The document provides background information on the University of Dar Es Salaam Business School (UDBS) in Tanzania. It discusses how UDBS was established in 2008 as a result of the transformation of the former Faculty of Commerce and Management. It also outlines some of UDBS' strengths, including its staff and the breadth and quality of its undergraduate, postgraduate, and training programs in business and management. The document goes on to provide definitions of "service" and the key characteristics of services from various scholars in the literature.
The document discusses railway restructuring and privatization. It outlines the driving forces behind restructuring as globalization, technology changes, and more. Railway restructuring aims to address financial viability, commercialization, and creating a customer-oriented culture. Structural options include vertical separation of infrastructure from operations or competitive access models. Vertical separation promotes equal access and competition but risks coordination issues, while competitive access risks unfairness to minority operators. Effective regulation is needed for private sector involvement.
Similar to Theme 5 Regulatory and contractual aspects (20)
This document announces a workshop on integrating new mobility services into public transport. The workshop will take place on June 27, 2019 in Fortaleza, Brazil, and will discuss trends in urban transportation including shared mobility services, mobility as a service concepts, and autonomous vehicles. It will explore how these new mobility options can help improve public transportation systems in Latin American cities to better serve populations that currently lack good transportation access. The agenda includes presentations from transportation leaders in Fortaleza, Goiania and Sao Paulo on integrating bikesharing, regulating ride-hailing services, and shared mobility experiences.
The document provides an overview of a Mobility as a Service (MaaS) trial taking place in Sydney through a partnership between the University of Sydney, IAG, and Skedgo. The trial will explore appropriate transport mixes and subscription plans for MaaS users. It will test how MaaS can influence travel behavior and assess Sydney's transport network readiness for MaaS. The trial involves multiple public and private transportation services that can be accessed and paid for through a single platform. It will begin with a pay-as-you-go period to familiarize users followed by subscription plan options based on data collected.
This document discusses bus headway variability and strategies to achieve regular bus service. It begins by outlining what passengers seek in public transit and how to achieve those attributes. While increasing speed and fleet can help, it is important to also focus on decreasing travel time variability and achieving regular headways for reliability. The impacts of unreliable service with bus bunching are then reviewed, including increased waiting times, occupancy and user dissatisfaction. Finally, the document discusses that solutions do exist, such as dedicated infrastructure, signal priority and real-time control systems, to stabilize service and achieve the goal of reliable transit.
El Congreso Chileno de Ingeniería de Transporte se realiza cada dos años y es organizado por la Sociedad Chilena de Ingeniería de Transporte. La Escuela de Ingeniería UC organizará el próximo congreso en octubre de 2019, contando con un equipo de 7 profesores y 2 profesionales para desarrollar el evento en el Campus San Joaquín y así promover la participación de la comunidad de ingeniería.
Gabriel Oliveira - BRT in Brazil: state of the practice as from the BRT Stand...BRTCoE
Presented by Gabriel Oliveira, Gabriel Oliveira, ITDP Brazil Public Transport Coordinator, on September 20th, 11:30 Brasilia Time Zone.
Complete title: BRT in Brazil: state of the practice as from the BRT Standard & challenges for operations and integration
Summary:
Between 2004 and 2014, the total extension of BRT systems almost quadrupled worldwide, rising from about 700 km to 2,600 km (ITDP, 2014). In an effort to monitor and guarantee an standard quality of service across systems, the Institute of Transport and Development Policy (ITDP) has consolidated, along with BRT planning experts and practitioners, a project and operations evaluation tool: the BRT Standard. The tool is divided in seven categories and 42 quantitative metrics that allow further comprehension of BRT state of the practice. It has been used to evaluate more than a hundred corridors in over 60 cities around the world.
In Brazil, where the concept has first been developed between the 70’s and 90’s, a second wave of BRT expansion in the last decade summed up more than 250 km built in nine cities and metropolitan regions, an increase of about 150%. In this presentation we aim to assess the state of the practice in sixteen operational Brazilian BRT corridors, drawing out the common challenges faced in their implementation and operations, the best practices identified and the main improvement points. The assessment is based in an exploratory and explanatory analysis of their BRT Standard scoring, where we highlight the case that stand out in each particular category or metric of the tool.
Scoring reveals good performance in basic BRT infrastructure elements (such as segregated bus lanes that are typically median aligned, off-board fare collection, level boarding and bus priority at intersections) and in service planning. Performance in categories such as station design, infrastructure sustainability and branding/information communications present greater variance depending on the corridor context.
However, the main challenges appear on the access and integration category, where system design and connection with the surrounding urban environment and active modes present flaws, and on operational issues, such as overcrowding and inadequate maintenance. This webinar will present the opportunity for participants to debate on these operational and integration challenges and how can they be overcome.
In a broader manner, this study also aspires to influence for more evidence-based policy and decision-making on urban transit investments, not only in the Brazilian context, but also in other contexts where BRT is steadily growing.
Heather Allen - Why do we need to consider how women move in urban transport ...BRTCoE
Heather has 25 years of international experience and is a highly-regarded expert in sustainable transport, gender and climate change. She has worked for both public and private sectors including UITP (the International Association of Public Transport), Transport Research Laboratory, FIA Foundation, European Commission, several MDBs banks and SLoCaT (Sustainable Low Carbon Transport partnership). As Senior Manager for Sustainable Development with the UITP she led the association’s work with many international agencies on climate change, the UITP diversity initiative and with public transport agency members in more than 50 countries in respect to the UITP Sustainable Development Charter. She also set up a number of strategic partnerships with major international agencies such as the United Nations Environment Programme. she was the Programme Director for Sustainable Transport with the UK’s Transport Research Laboratory’s (TRL) Sustainable Transport Group, a leader in providing impartial world-class research and consultancy for all aspects of transport. Whilst with TRL, she provided technical advisory services for a variety of international and European projects. Her European work includes serving as a member of the jury for the European Mobility Week award for 4 years and the interim impact evaluations for the Horizon 2020 research programme for the European Commission (Shift2Rail and Societal Change).
More recently, she has been working on gender and sustainable transport with UN Women, FIA Foundation and CAF. She has just concluded the Ella se mueve segura, a study investigating women’s personal security concerns when they use public transport in three Latin American cities (Buenos Aires, Argentina, Quito, Ecuador, and Santiago, Chile). She will present the findings from this study and also her work in updating the GIZ Urban Transport and Gender module of the SUTO series.
Heather brings a wealth of knowledge in international best practice and a strong international network. In addition, she is a member of a number of transport sector Committees and Institutions, for example: Fellow of the UK Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transportation (CLIT), Member of Transport Research Board (TRB) Committee (USA National Academy of Science) for Developing Countries and the TRB Special Task Force for Climate Change and is an observer on Women in Transport committee. She remains an TRL associate, is a Trustee for the Walk 21 charity and is currently Chair of Transport Training Initiative (TTI) a German charity to increase access to training on transport for the developing world especially across Africa.
This document discusses Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems in South Africa and identifies key challenges and research needs. It notes that BRT systems face questions around value for money due to high costs and over-optimistic forecasts. There is also a shortage of trained transport planners and operators. The South African government is reviewing BRT planning and operations and identifying research needs around improving demand models, economic appraisals, and first/last mile connectivity. Training programs across different levels are needed to ensure BRT sustainability and the success of future systems in addressing Africa's transport needs.
Workshop Innovation in Africa - Day one of operations by Cristina AlbuquerqueBRTCoE
The document discusses lessons learned from the launch of Transantiago, the bus rapid transit system in Santiago, Chile. Key challenges included the system lacking readiness in infrastructure, fleet, and ticketing systems. There was also a lack of adequate planning and testing prior to launch. The document then provides guidance on developing operational manuals to minimize risks for new bus system launches. It suggests the manual define processes, responsibilities, indicators, and contingency plans. The goal is to ensure a smooth start-up that improves public perception and quality of service. Adaptations may be needed for contexts in Africa, including additional infrastructure considerations.
Camila Balbontin - Do preferences for BRT and LRT change as a voter, citizen,...BRTCoE
Camila Balbontin is a Postgraduate Research Fellow at the Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies (ITLS) of University of Sydney. In February 2018, she completed her PhD under the supervision of Professor David Hensher where she focused on integrating decision heuristics and behavioural refinements into travel choice models. She was awarded the ITLS prize for Research Excellence in Transport or Logistics 2017. Camila also holds a bachelor degree in the field of Civil Engineering with a diploma in Industrial Engineering and in Transportation and Logistics from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. She did her MSc degree at the same university under the supervision of Professor Juan de Dios Ortúzar. Her MSc thesis estimated the valuation of households and neighbourhood attributes in the centre of Santiago.
As a Postgraduate Research Fellow, her main focus is choice modelling and travel behaviour. She is currently working on projects related to the BRT Centre of Excellence, business location decisions, hybrid modelling, value uplift, among others.
Working Paper - http://sydney.edu.au/business/itls/research/publications/working_papers
Every month in the Webinar series a member of our team or invited expert, presents either recent research results or a city case study. The presentations are done online allowing people anywhere to participate and ask questions in real-time. The series address issues relevant to researchers and practitioners and is open to everyone using our news website. About 800 subscribers get the announcement directly, you can also sign up for free here.
Juan Carlos Muñoz - Connected and automated buses. An opportunity to bring re...BRTCoE
Connected and automated trains have been successfully built for decades. And connected and automated cars are promising to become a reality in our streets in the next decade. What about buses? What are the benefits of having buses connected and automated too? This talk will analyse some of these benefits focusing on the prospect of avoiding bus bunching and the impact this may have in the level of service of bus users.
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In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
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Ellen Burstyn: From Detroit Dreamer to Hollywood Legend | CIO Women MagazineCIOWomenMagazine
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Presentation by Herman Kienhuis (Curiosity VC) on Investing in AI for ABS Alu...Herman Kienhuis
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Tired of chasing down expiring contracts and drowning in paperwork? Mastering contract management can significantly enhance your business efficiency and productivity. This guide unveils expert secrets to streamline your contract management process. Learn how to save time, minimize risk, and achieve effortless contract management.
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The report *State of D2C in India: A Logistics Update* talks about the evolving dynamics of the d2C landscape with a particular focus on how brands navigate the complexities of logistics. Third Party Logistics enablers emerge indispensable partners in facilitating the growth journey of D2C brands, offering cost-effective solutions tailored to their specific needs. As D2C brands continue to expand, they encounter heightened operational complexities with logistics standing out as a significant challenge. Logistics not only represents a substantial cost component for the brands but also directly influences the customer experience. Establishing efficient logistics operations while keeping costs low is therefore a crucial objective for brands. The report highlights how 3PLs are meeting the rising demands of D2C brands, supporting their expansion both online and offline, and paving the way for sustainable, scalable growth in this fast-paced market.
During the budget session of 2024-25, the finance minister, Nirmala Sitharaman, introduced the “solar Rooftop scheme,” also known as “PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana.” It is a subsidy offered to those who wish to put up solar panels in their homes using domestic power systems. Additionally, adopting photovoltaic technology at home allows you to lower your monthly electricity expenses. Today in this blog we will talk all about what is the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana. How does it work? Who is eligible for this yojana and all the other things related to this scheme?
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1. Across Latitudes and Countries
Bus Rapid Transit
Center of Excellence
Regulatory and Contractual Aspects
´
Rosário Macário
Instituto Superior Técnico
Lisboa, Portugal
2. Outline
Urban mobility system
Agents, relations, decision levels
Effects of introduction of a new mode/service - BRT
Institutions
Regulatory Frameworks
Contracts
Regulatory framework and contracts as performance
drivers
4. What is the urban mobility system?
• structured and coordinated set of modes, services and
infrastructure to ensure the displacement of persons and
goods in the city.
• consisting of several elements, one physical and
material character, others organizational, institutional,
and finally, others of logical character.
• a vital element of the competitiveness of the city,
because of that is a sub-system of the urban system and
it is used to development of the city
5. DECISION LEVELS
Three fundamental levels of decision-making:
Strategic: define the objectives to pursue and the resources to mobilize
Tactical: define the solutions types (technologies) and make the
planning (capacity, networks, schedules)
Operational: execute the planned production
Success of the process
At each level it is needed to have some idea of the implications of
decisions of lower levels
Nevertheless, it is necessary to assemble retro-action processes that
allow to adjust decisions to each superior levels which lower level
analysis reveals
In a democratic society, the strategic level should be policy
makers responsibility
6. The elements of UMS
• The infrastructures
• The mobility services
• The organization
• The regulation
• The information
• The elements of other sectors that affect
our perception of the mobility system
• Etc
7. The agents of UMS
• Transport Authorities
• Mobility Operators
• Infrastructures Operators
• Policy Makers
• Representatives of the citizens
• Third and fourth party providers
• etc
8. Intra-system links
Infrastructure :
Hierarchy of road network in accordance with service levels;
Current and future roles of the main arteries
Parking location, P&R, etc.
Definition of zones or networks which can not be used by individual
traffic (protection zones)
Services
Prioritization of services: primary and feeders; mass ("Transit") and
segmented.
Pricing policies (various services and including parking)
System
Linking land use and transport
Linking transport of passengers and goods
Linking motorized and non motorized transports
Controlling externalities (emissions, accidents, noise)
9. Introduce a BRT = Changing the system
Roles of each mode/service change
Relations between the different agents change
Objectives for urban development are challenged
Relation between decision levels
Relation between agents
10. Difficulties of Urban Mobility Systems
S
Strategic
goals of the
system
Stakeholders
interest
S
T T
O
Service
performance
Monitoring
criteria
Measuring
tools
O
DecisionLevels
DecisionLevels
consistency
gap
Relation between decision levels
11. Urban mobility system properties
Robustness, i.e. stability and long-term sustainability;
Adaptability, i.e. dynamic capability of adapting
services to the requirements of developments in
society and technology.
Efficiency, i.e. high productivity in the ability to
change the basic resources into products and these
consumer units, providing the best result at the
lowest cost;
• Diversity, ability to meet the aspirations of different
customer segments with different services in a
continuous adjustment between supply and demand
of the urban mobility system
13. What are institutions ?
Institutions <> Organizations
The term “institution” is used with a variety of meanings in
common language as well as in philosophy, but with a more precise
meaning in sociology and generally in the social sciences:
An institution is any structure or mechanism of social order and cooperation
governing the behavior of a set of individuals within a given human
community.
Institutions are identified with a social purpose and permanence,
transcending individual human lives and intentions, and with the making and
enforcing of rules governing cooperative human behavior
Institutions create elements of order and predictability.
Predictability in turn can enhance trust, which can enhance
reciprocating loyalty, which can facilitate bargaining, compromise,
and fiduciary relationships (Heclo, 2006)
14. How do Institutions Change?
There is nothing automatic, self-perpetuating, or self-reinforcing about
institutional arrangements. Institutions represent compromises based
on specific coalitional dynamics, they are always vulnerable to shifts.
Institutional change often occurs when problems of rule
interpretation and enforcement open up space for actors to
implement existing rules in new ways.
– In fact, institutions have implications on distribution of resources, which
creates tensions that eventually lead to dissenting actions
Quite often, changes reflect adaptation to local experience, making
them relatively myopic and meandering, rather than optimizing
– So, they will most times be ‘‘inefficient,’’ in the sense of not reaching a
uniquely optimal arrangement
15. Why are specialized organizations
necessary? (I)
In general, organizations are necessary as an instrument of
effectiveness better performance thanks to a hierarchy of
command in particular tasks
– This is valid both in the private and in the public domains
In both domains the dimension and mission of each
organization cannot grow indefinitely
– Loss of focus for the institution and of effectiveness of the chain of
command subdivision in smaller organizations (departments /
divisions / units / etc.) is necessary
16. Making Institutions Work
Institutional design affects the degrees of freedom and
incentives (penalties and rewards) of individual and
collective agents, so it influences their behavior
Institutional design may also include filters or screens,
restricting
– Who is allowed to participate in some decisions
– What options are available in certain decisions
Penalties and Rewards to individual agents in the
institutions must be stimulating of the desired behavior and
proportional
– In their conception, they should be complier-centered, not
deviant-centered
18. Common Pathologies in
Organizations
From Focus to loss of coherence
– Need for coordination
– Method of Open Coordination (introduced by EU in the Lisbon
Strategy, 2000)
Organizations (like all organisms) have a priority goal of
qualified survival
– From focus on a problem to the need of keeping the problem
alive as a justification for survival
Organizations are agents at the service of a principal
– The principal in this case is the set of institutions they embody
– But like all agents they tend to align their behavior with their
own interest and not so much with the interest of the
principal need for contract (statute) with constraints and
incentives
19. Main types of Organizations in the
Transport Sector
• In all countries, there are multiple types of
organizations in the Transport Sector
– Because it is vital for the organization of peoples lives and activities
of companies, and so it is expected to function predictably
• The main types of organizations in the Transport
Sector are:
– Government to decide on Transport Policy
– Agencies for planning of infrastructure and service networks
– Organizacional Agencies
– (Direct and added-value) Service operators
– Protective Regulators, establishing technical, safety and
environmental rules
– Police and similar for enforcement of rules
– Economic Regulators, to ensure efficient economic performance
20. What is the Regulatory Framework
Who does what and when
Right of initiative: market initiative versus
authority initiative
Spectrum of competition
21. Pitfalls of competitive tendering
Authorities tend to over-specify the product, and then look for the
cheapest supplier
Administrative setting of tariffs and subsidy levels leads to slow and
superficial changes in supply
• Customer surveys may show satisfaction but they only represent the opinion
of those that have not left
A commercially tuned attitude is needed, more easily found in
operators than in authorities. But there is no incentive for large
gambles:
• Short duration contracts, no incentives beyond “doing it right”
• Excessive success would entice interest of other competitors
22. Economic Regulators and their role
Economic Regulators are special organizations created to keep
watch against abuse from market failure, occurring in the
(mostly private) provision of goods and services in network
industries
Difficult roles of regulators: preserve efficiency under limited or
no direct competition, administer tariff adjustments, push for
innovation (X-efficiency), keep companies healthy
– Inclusion companies’ health in the regulators’ agendas was a
central element in the process of attracting private equity into
these sectors (risk management)
24. Contractual relationships
Contractual models can be distinguished along several
parameters:
– Whether they are static or dynamic,
– Whether they involve complete or incomplete contracts,
– Whether they describe bilateral or multilateral
situations;
– Whether the private information bears on:
• What the agent does (hidden action)
• What the agent is (hidden information)
25. Pure contractual forms in PT
Management contract
– represents a form of delegation from the authority to the operator who is
confined to the professional management of the operations on behalf of the
authority. The degree of delegation and of engagement of the contracted
manager in any risk taking is decided on a case by case basis, but in all
circumstances the contract is negotiated for a fixed period of time and agreed
price
Gross cost contract
– the authority releases the control of the productive means – vehicles / rolling
stock, depots/other infrastructure, etc - to the operator, often setting also
certain specific standard for quality of service, required fleets, etc., together
with the agreed price for the production of the service. Very often contract
length as to be associated to the lifecycle duration of material assets involved in
production, this is a common situation with railways companies. However, more
recent evolutions enable to have contract length almost independent from
lifecycle of material assets through operational leasing
Net cost contract
– In Net Cost contracts both the productive and commercial risk are born by the
operators. In these contracts the operator is normally entitled to retain all fare
revenue and bears all the risks (productive and commercial)
26. Quality and incentives in contracts
Quality Measurements (Incentive/Penalty)
Internal: focus on service production
External: focus on customer’s perception/reaction
Traditional Incentives
Gross cost contracts: Revenue incentives based on
perceived customer satisfaction or patronage
Net cost contracts: Shared revenue risk and minimum
quality standards monitored through perceived customer
satisfaction or patronage
27. The risks involved in the provision of
UPT services
Production risks - related with productive factors
Commercial risks - related with demand levels and pricing
policies
Urban planning risks : land -use; traffic management;
transport system planning (encompasses political risks)
28. The risks involved in the provision of
UPT services
Risks of classic contracts
When Authority defines all beforehand
Risk of initial misfit between requirements and supply
Market requirements evolve and supply is “tied up” by
contractual obligations
When Operator has more right of initiative
More difficult to assure integration with other sectors
Contracts must be longer to allow development of new services,
market reaction and payback of investments.
Incumbent gains market information advantages that may be
decisive for winning successive tenders and exclude new comers.
29. Net Cost Contracts are hard to manage
Apparently, Net Cost contracts would be the answer
operator bears commercial risks
Net Cost Contracts are harder for both sides:
For Operators, much harder preparation of bids, higher risks,
permanent costs of reading markets, short-term contracts create risk
of baking the cake and have someone else eat it
For Authorities, lower number of contestants in tender, market
contestability possibly virtual after first cycle
Biggest difficulties come during contract life
All changes of transport policy or traffic regulation may affect the
commercial side of PT operations, thus imposing compensation
So, net cost contracts become a barrier to innovation and adaptation
in urban management
30. Material Assets
and Contract Length
Traditionally, contract length connected to lifecycle
duration of material assets
More flexible solutions are now available
– Fixed assets can belong to the Authority and be managed
directly or through management contracts w/ private parties
– Mobile assets may be acquired through operational leasing
• heavy maintenance performed by the suppliers (or subcontracted under
their responsibility)
• disposal at the end of contract ensured by supplier
– Contract for material assets may be done by the authority of
by the operator
So, contract length may become (almost) independent
of lifecycle of material assets
32. Performance monitoring of UMS
Industrial Performance - processing of basic resources in
production of transport
Network organization - transformation between transport
units and levels of accessibility strategically defined
Commercial performance- consumption potential represented
by these levels of accessibility, which is generally the level of
customer satisfaction
Production of Externalities - potential of each configuration to
generate a negative impact in terms of economic and social
view
33. Assessing industrial performance
Factors affecting industrial performance :
– The regulatory and organisational framework (e.g.
structure-conduct-paradigm)
– Other factors :
• Dimensions of urban area (e.g. economies of scale)
• Diversity of modes and level of integration (e.g. network
economies, density and scope)
• Complexity of the network (e.g. fleet capacity in feeder
routes)
Industrial performance indicators should cover:
– Productive efficiency:
– Resource Management;
– Environmental protective Management
34. Assessing network organisation
Four main dimensions of integration to be considered:
Visible
– Physical: In space, time and technology:
– Logical: Involving global system information, focused information and reliability of
connections provided by real time information:
– Tariff: Entailing tariff integration and revenue sharing:
Invisible
– Organizational (Institutional and Contractual): Entailing allocation of responsibilities
between authorities and operators, and between operators from different modes;
Indicators to assess network organization should depart from the
accessibility concept. i.e.:
– Availability of transport, meaning network coverage in time and space;
– Commercial accessibility, concerning availability of selling points;
– Logical accessibility, concerning availability of information;
– Financial accessibility, addressing tariff regimes and levels (e.g. affordability)
35. Assessing commercial performance
Commercial performance is directly related with clients
satisfaction and requires close identification with clusters
of clients, which form specific market segments with
differentiated expectations
Factors influencing the customers quality perception:
– Previous experience;
– Level of information;
– Social statute
– Price paid that either meets or not their expectation
Aspects to be considered in the assessment are: regularity,
continuity of service, comfort, convenience and security
36. Impacts of commercial performance
• First, the impact on citizens’ use of public
transport measured by passenger.kms in public
transport;
• Second, the impact on traffic congestion,
measured through market share of public
transport;
• Third, the impact on the financial situation of the
Operators and authorities (reduction of
subsidyneeds), measured through the revenue
obtained.
37. Some pitfalls of UPT
performance assessment
To truly assess the performance of UPT systems longitudinal comparisons
are important but misrepresentative. We must assess transversal
comparisons between system in different cities or urban areas
Careful thought should be given to the factors influencing transversal
comparisons, since they can potentially biases the interpretation of
indicators, such as: organizational settings, geographical characteristics,
land-use patterns, intermodality and diversity of modes
The separate analyze of performance dimensions should be
complementary to the preliminary analysis of market structure to enable
the full understanding of the dynamics of the system.
38. Across Latitudes and Countries
Bus Rapid Transit
Center of Excellence
Regulatory Organization and Contractual Relations Between Agents
´
Rosário Macário
rosariomacario@ist.utl.pt
Instituto Superior Técnico
Lisboa, Portugal
Thanks for participating !