The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective personality test developed in 1935 using cards with ambiguous images. Participants are asked to tell stories about each image to reveal their attitudes, wishes, and view of the world. Examiners analyze the content, tone, and structure of the stories to understand the test taker's personality. While criticized for being unscientific, the TAT is still used for research and assessing individuals for employment, forensic, and consumer behavior studies. Accurate interpretation requires considering the subject's background characteristics.
MA Psychology CCE Submission 2022-24, Nov 2023
Projective Tests
The Rorschach Inkblot Test
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
The Draw-A-Person Test
The House-Tree-Person Test
MA Psychology CCE Submission 2022-24, Nov 2023
Projective Tests
The Rorschach Inkblot Test
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
The Draw-A-Person Test
The House-Tree-Person Test
showing people a series of picture cards depicting a variety of ambiguous characters (that may include men, women, and/or children), scenes, and situations.
The different forms of Psychological tests in practice including the Neuropsychological assessments..................
Details and the original version of the slide can be available on demand by forwrding a mail request to bivin.jb@gmail.com
showing people a series of picture cards depicting a variety of ambiguous characters (that may include men, women, and/or children), scenes, and situations.
The different forms of Psychological tests in practice including the Neuropsychological assessments..................
Details and the original version of the slide can be available on demand by forwrding a mail request to bivin.jb@gmail.com
Similar to thematicapperceptiontest-160810124347.pdf (20)
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
2. +
INTRODUCTION:
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective
personality assessment psychological test
The TAT was developed in 1935 by American psychologist
Henry A. Murray and Christiana D. Morgan at Harvard
University.
The TAT was originally designed as an aid to eliciting fantasy
material from patients in Psychoanalysis. However, it’s uses
have evolved over the years.
3. +
THE TEST PROCEDURE
The complete version of the test contains 31 picture cards.
The subject is asked to tell a story for each picture that is
presented to them, including the following:
1) what has led up to the event show
2) what is happening at the moment
3) what the characters are feeling and thinking
4) what the outcome of the story was
4. +
THE PICTURE CARDS:
Out of the 31 cards, 30 cards are picture cards, all black and
white, which contain a variety of scenes designed to present
the test taker with certain classical human situations.
One card is left blank where participants are asked to imagine
a picture and then tell a story about it.
The original 31 cards were divided into three categories, for
use with men only, with women only, or for use with subjects of
either sex.
In practice, an examiner might administer as few as one or two
cards or as many as 31.
5. +
INTERPRETATION OF CARDS:
In interpreting responses to the TAT, examiners typically focus
their attention on one of three areas:
a) the content of the stories that the subject tells
b) the feeling or tone of the stories and the participant
c) or the subject's behaviours apart from responses
These behaviours may include verbal remarks (for example,
comments about feeling stressed by the situation or not being a
good storyteller) as well as nonverbal actions or signs (blushing,
stammering, fidgeting in the chair, etc.)
The story content usually reveals the subject's attitudes,
fantasies, wishes, inner conflicts, and view of the outside world.
The story structure typically reflects the subject's feelings,
assumptions about the world, and an underlying attitude of
optimism or pessimism.
6. +
SCORING SYSTEMS:
Several formal scoring systems have been developed for
analyzing TAT stories systematically and consistently.
Three common methods that are currently used in research are
the:
1) Defence Mechanisms Manual
2) Social Cognition and Object Relations (SCOR) scale
3) Personal Problem-Solving System—Revised (PPSS-R)
8. +
APPLICATIONS OF TAT:
Personality Assessment:
Helps to evaluate a person's patterns of thought, attitudes, observational
capacity, and emotional responses to ambiguous test materials
Expectations:
Reveals the expectations of participants in relationships with peers,
parents or other authority figures, subordinates, and possible romantic
partners.
Recruitment:
The TAT is often used in individual assessments of candidates for
employment in fields requiring a high degree of skill in dealing with other
people and ability to cope with high levels of psychological stress— such
as law enforcement, military leadership positions, etc.
Forensic Purposes:
TAT is sometimes used for forensic purposes in evaluating the motivations
and general attitudes of persons accused of violent crimes.
Consumer Behaviour:
TAT is widely used to study consumer perceptions and motivations.
9. +
CONCLUSION:
Despite criticisms for being unscientific, the TAT continues to
be used as a tool for research into areas of psychology such as
dreams, fantasies, mate selection and what motivates people
to choose their occupation.
However, for accurate results, the TAT must be interpreted in
the context of the subject's personal history, age, sex, level of
education, occupation, racial or ethnic identification, first
language, and other characteristics that may be important.
Sometimes it is used in a psychiatric or psychological context
to assess personality disorders, thought disorders, in forensic
examinations to evaluate crime suspects, or to screen
candidates for high-stress occupations