Here, is My research Work About World's Top 10 Deadliest Snakes. The Ranking Of Snakes is According to Their,
(1. Potential of causing human fatalities
(2. Toxicity of Venom (Molecular)
(3. Average time of death ( From Experiments on Mice & Real Incidents)
(4. Availability of Antivenom
Thanks To: Owlcation.com
Identification of Indian Major Carps,Catla catla (catla), Labeo rohita (rohu) and Cirrhinus cirrhosus (mrigal),Chinese Major carps , Grass, silver, bighead, and black carp , OTHER COMMON SPECIES OF PAKISTAN, Trout, Salmon, Tilapia
Identification of Indian Major Carps,Catla catla (catla), Labeo rohita (rohu) and Cirrhinus cirrhosus (mrigal),Chinese Major carps , Grass, silver, bighead, and black carp , OTHER COMMON SPECIES OF PAKISTAN, Trout, Salmon, Tilapia
All the information regarding Crabs that are present in the sea and oceans,their various types,what they eat where they live have been explained briefly.
Sorry I was suppose to upload this powerpoint on August 9th but I just couldnt walt so any way this powerpoint that is all about sharks. If you want to learn about sharks before shark week then this is the powerpoint for you. This has info on different types of species of sharks. But I will posted on facebook on August 9th . So if you are on facebook make sure to check it out
crocodiles are the only reptiles having 4 chambered heart,flattened tail and body covered with scutes.hind limb is webbed and in this ppt you can discover all the facts about crocodile..hope you can enjoy
9 Beautiful and Rare Species Found Only in AustraliaThe Aussie Way
The climate and huge terrain of Australia are as distinctive as the animals that inhabit it. And despite Australia’s abundance of lethal and dangerous creatures, you shouldn’t worry about them because everything has been done to ensure that everyone is safe.
Climate change and the effects of land clearing, which are tragically affecting life in Australia.
You can help maintain the natural ecosystem not just in Australia but all over the world by identifying tiny methods to reduce climate change and global warming.
Visit: https://theaussieway.com.au/9-beautiful-and-rare-species-found-only-in-australia/
All the information regarding Crabs that are present in the sea and oceans,their various types,what they eat where they live have been explained briefly.
Sorry I was suppose to upload this powerpoint on August 9th but I just couldnt walt so any way this powerpoint that is all about sharks. If you want to learn about sharks before shark week then this is the powerpoint for you. This has info on different types of species of sharks. But I will posted on facebook on August 9th . So if you are on facebook make sure to check it out
crocodiles are the only reptiles having 4 chambered heart,flattened tail and body covered with scutes.hind limb is webbed and in this ppt you can discover all the facts about crocodile..hope you can enjoy
9 Beautiful and Rare Species Found Only in AustraliaThe Aussie Way
The climate and huge terrain of Australia are as distinctive as the animals that inhabit it. And despite Australia’s abundance of lethal and dangerous creatures, you shouldn’t worry about them because everything has been done to ensure that everyone is safe.
Climate change and the effects of land clearing, which are tragically affecting life in Australia.
You can help maintain the natural ecosystem not just in Australia but all over the world by identifying tiny methods to reduce climate change and global warming.
Visit: https://theaussieway.com.au/9-beautiful-and-rare-species-found-only-in-australia/
Education - a short run down on whether Cane Toads are a saviour or a menace. It begins with five, maybe, known facts and why they were introduced to northern Queensland. And now 85 years later do they hold Australian Species at ransom?
One site in my Country Indonesia, theres an islands wheres its ocean has become living ground of unique species called Mola-mola as we known as sunfish.
This slideshow presents three of Australia's native endangered animals: the southern bent-wing bat, the northern hairy-nosed wombat and the Tasmanian Devil. It discusses their physical features, behaviour, ecology, threats and conservation efforts. Efforts have been made to use credible resources and this is also discussed, as well as an extensive list of references.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.
The World's Top 10 Deadliest Snakes 2020-2021
1.
2. Belcher's Sea Snake ...........................................................04
Blue Krait .............................................................................06
i
i
i
Inland Taipan .......................................................................08
Eastern Brown .......................................................................10
Black Mamba ...........................................................................12
Russell's Viper .......................................................................14
Tiger Snake ............................................................................16
Death Adder ..........................................................................18
Philippine Cobra ..................................................................20
Mojave Rattlesnake .............................................................22
What if you're bitten by a snake ? ....................................24
References ............................................................................25
3. Question : How many venomous snakes are
there in the world?
Answer : As of 2020, there are 600
venomous snake species in
the world.
3,600+ different species are
completely harmless to
humans.
In fact, nearly 83-percent of
snakes lack the necessary
venom glands to harm a
human being.
01
01
01
4. Around the globe, there exists a handful of
snakes capable of causingserious harm or death
to humans. Although the majority of snakes in
theworld are relatively harmless and capable of
inflicting only minor flesh wounds.
A small number of species are quite dangerous
to humans due to their aggressive behavior and
potent venom.
This Research Workexplores the 10 deadliest
snakes currently known to exist, based on an
analysis of their overall toxicity and potential
for human fatalities in the absence of medical
attention or appropriate antivenom.
02
02
02
6. (1. Belcher's Sea Snake
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Size :
Size :
Size :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Hydrophis belcheri
Hydrophis belcheri
Hydrophis belcheri
Indian Ocean, Thailand, New
Indian Ocean, Thailand, New
Indian Ocean, Thailand, New
Guinea, Indonesia, Philippines
Guinea, Indonesia, Philippines
Guinea, Indonesia, Philippines
Unknown (Data Deficient)
Unknown (Data Deficient)
Unknown (Data Deficient)
0.45 to
0.45 to
0.45 to 1
1
1 meter
meter
meter
04
04
04
7. (1. Belcher's Sea Snake
The Belcher’s Sea Snake, also known as the Faint-Banded Sea
Snake.
it is an extremely venomous snake of the elapid family.
The Belcher’s Sea Snake is considered the most venomous
snake in the world.
The snake is relatively small in size, with a slender body and a
yellow base with green crossbands.
It is commonly found in the Indian Ocean, as well as the
Philippines, Gulf of Thailand, the Solomon Islands, and the
northwest coasts of Australia. It is typically found along
tropical reefs
it can hold its breath for nearly eight hours before resurfacing
for air.
The Belcher's Sea Snake typically eats small fish and eel.
05
05
05
8. (2. Blue Krait
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Size :
Size :
Size :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Bungarus candidus
Bungarus candidus
Bungarus candidus
Throughout
Throughout
Throughout Thailand
Thailand
Thailand and
and
and
much of Southeast Asia
much of Southeast Asia
much of Southeast Asia
Least Concern - Stable Population
Least Concern - Stable Population
Least Concern - Stable Population
1.097 meter
1.097 meter
1.097 meter
06
06
06
9. (2. Blue Krait
The Blue Krait or Malayan Krait, is a highly venomous snake of
the elapid family.
On average, the snake reaches lengths of approximately 3.6
feet.
It maintains a color pattern of bluish-black crossbands that are
separated by yellowish-white interspaces.
The Blue Krait is found in southeast Asia, including Indochina
and Indonesia.
It primarily feeds on mice, other snakes including other Blue
Kraits, reptiles, and small rodents.
The Blue Krait prefers fields, holes, and even homes for its
The Blue Krait is also fond of water sources and is often found
Blue Kraits are primarily nocturnal in their hunting habits.
habitat.
near rivers, lakes, and ponds.
07
07
07
10. (3. Inland Taipan
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Size :
Size :
Size :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Oxyuranus microlepidotus
Oxyuranus microlepidotus
Oxyuranus microlepidotus
Southwest of Queensland, far west
Southwest of Queensland, far west
Southwest of Queensland, far west
of New South Wales South Australia
of New South Wales South Australia
of New South Wales South Australia
Least Concern - Stable Population
Least Concern - Stable Population
Least Concern - Stable Population
1.797 meter
1.797 meter
1.797 meter
08
08
08
11. (3. Inland Taipan
The Taipan is a highly venomous snake that resides in
Australasia.
It is a member of the elapid family (which includes cobras) and
is considered to be one of the deadliest snakes in the world.
There are three known species of the Taipan, including the
Coastal Taipan, Inland Taipan, and the Central Ranges Taipan.
Most of the Taipan species are found along the northeast coast
of Queensland, as well as the southern sector of Papua New
Guinea.
It primarily feeds on rats and bandicoots, along with other
small mammals.
Unlike most snakes, the Inland Taipan feeds almost
Unlike most snakes, the Inland Taipan feeds almost
exclusively on mammals. As a result, its venom has
exclusively on mammals. As a result, its venom has
evolved to be particularly lethal to mammals
evolved to be particularly lethal to mammals
09
09
09
12. (4. Eastern Brown
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Size :
Size :
Size :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Pseudonaja textilis
Pseudonaja textilis
Pseudonaja textilis
Eastern and central Australia and
Eastern and central Australia and
Eastern and central Australia and
southern New Guinea
southern New Guinea
southern New Guinea
Least Concern - Stable Population
Least Concern - Stable Population
Least Concern - Stable Population
1.49 to 2.01 meters
1.49 to 2.01 meters
1.49 to 2.01 meters
10
10
10
13. (4. Eastern Brown
Eastern Browns are found in nearly all environments, except for
dense forests, around Australia.
They are most common around farms, as their main prey
includes the House mouses.
This extremely deadly snake is quite slender in appearance and
reaches an average length of 4.9 to 6.6 feet
the Eastern Brown is typically brown in color, with some snakes
taking on a blackish appearance as well.
Eastern Browns are well known for their small fangs, dark
tongues, and dark black eyes.
They are also quite solitary and tend to be most active during
the daylight hours.
11
11
11
14. (5. Black Mamba
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Size :
Size :
Size :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Dendroaspis polylepis
Dendroaspis polylepis
Dendroaspis polylepis
Southern and eastern Africa
Southern and eastern Africa
Southern and eastern Africa
Least Concern - Stable Population
Least Concern - Stable Population
Least Concern - Stable Population
2.01
2.01
2.01 to
to
to 3.04
3.04
3.04 meters
meters
meters
12
12
12
15. (5. Black Mamba
The Black Mamba is a species of extremely venomous snake
that resides in Sub-Saharan Africa.
This snake is live in both the ground as well as trees. As a
result, they are often found along savannas, woodlands, forests,
and rockier regions.
The Black Mamba often preys on birds and other small animals.
Its rapid speed (around 10 miles per hour), the snake is able to
overcome most of its prey with ease.
The Mamba is known for its long length, at approximately 6.6
feet to 10 feet on average, making it one of the longest
venomous snakes in the world.
The Black Mamba often maintains a color of grey, olive, and dark
brown, with adults being far darker than younger mambas.
The Black Mamba gets its name from the color of its
inner mouth—a gaping black maw it displays when threatened.
13
13
13
16. (6. Russell's Viper
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Size :
Size :
Size :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Daboia russelii
Daboia russelii
Daboia russelii
India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal,
India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal,
India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal,
Myanmar, Thailand, Pakistan,
Myanmar, Thailand, Pakistan,
Myanmar, Thailand, Pakistan,
Cambodia, Tibet, China
Cambodia, Tibet, China
Cambodia, Tibet, China
Least Concern - Stable Population
Least Concern - Stable Population
Least Concern - Stable Population
1.21 meters
1.21 meters
1.21 meters
14
14
14
17. (6. Russell's Viper
Russell’s Viper, also known as the Chain Viper, is a venomous
snake from the Viperidae family.
It is found in Southeast Asia, China, Taiwan, and India.
Chain Vipers are quite common and are typically found in
grasslands or brushy areas.
Chain Viper's primary food sources is rodents. As a result, these
snakes are often found around human settlements.
Chain Vipers possess flat, triangular heads, with rounded and
raised snouts.
they are typically yellow, tan, and brown in color. These deadly
snakes can reach lengths of 5.5 feet, with a width of
approximately six inches.
15
15
15
18. (7. Tiger Snake
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Size :
Size :
Size :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Notechis scutatus
Notechis scutatus
Notechis scutatus
Southeastern Australia and the
Southeastern Australia and the
Southeastern Australia and the
southwestern part of Australia
southwestern part of Australia
southwestern part of Australia
Least Concern - Stable Population
Least Concern - Stable Population
Least Concern - Stable Population
1.18 meters
1.18 meters
1.18 meters
16
16
16
19. (7. Tiger Snake
The Tiger Snake is a highly venomous snake that is found along
the southern sector of Australia and Tasmania.
The Tiger Snake is often found in coastal regions, wetlands,
marshes due to the abundance of prey in these environments.
Tiger Snakes reach a size of approximately 3.93 feet in length
and come in a large variety of colors depending on their
location (olive, yellow, orange, brown, and black).
the tiger snake is quite aggressive when alramed, and will
flatten its body in order to raise its head above ground level.
The Tiger Snake’s venom is comprised of highly potent
neurotoxins, coagulants, myotoxins, and haemolysins.
17
17
17
20. (8. Death Adder
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Size :
Size :
Size :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Acanthophis antarcticus
Acanthophis antarcticus
Acanthophis antarcticus
Eastern and coastal southern
Eastern and coastal southern
Eastern and coastal southern
Australia
Australia
Australia
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
0.39 meters
0.39 meters
0.39 meters
18
18
18
21. (8. Death Adder
The Death Adder is a highly venomous elapid snake found in
Australia, New Guinea, and the surrounding region.
Death Adder has a viper-like appearance, it is actually a
member of the elapid family of snakes, which includes Cobras
and Black Mambas.
Death Adders are quite short, with triangular heads and small
scales adorning their bodies.
They also possess large fangs, as well as a “lure” at the end of
their tail that resembles a small worm.
Death Adder maintains a shade of black or grey. However, some
Death Adder species can take on a reddish-yellow, brown, or
greenish-grey hue.
Amazingly, the Death Adder can strike its prey and inject it
with venom in less than 0.15 seconds.
19
19
19
22. (9. Philippine Cobra
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Size :
Size :
Size :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Naja philippinensis
Naja philippinensis
Naja philippinensis
Northern Philippines
Northern Philippines
Northern Philippines
Near Threatened
Near Threatened
Near Threatened
(Population Decreasing)
(Population Decreasing)
(Population Decreasing)
1
1
1 meter
meter
meter 20
20
20
23. (9. Philippine Cobra
The Philippine Cobra, also known as the Northern Philippine
Cobra, is a highly venomous species of snakes residing in the
northernmost corners of the Philippine islands.
It often inhabits the low-lying plains and forest regions and is
typically found near sources of fresh water.
The species is quite stocky and possesses a hood that can be
raised when threatened.
The snake tends to be brown in color, with older snakes
lightening in their brown appearance with age.
The average length of the cobra is approximately 3.3 feet, but
some Philippine Cobras have been known to reach lengths of
5.2 feet
21
21
21
24. 10. Mojave Rattlesnake
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Scientific name :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Geographical Range :
Size :
Size :
Size :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Conservation Status :
Crotalus scutulatus
Crotalus scutulatus
Crotalus scutulatus
Southwestern United
Southwestern United
Southwestern United
States and central Mexico
States and central Mexico
States and central Mexico
Least Concern (Population Stable)
Least Concern (Population Stable)
Least Concern (Population Stable)
1
1
1 meter
meter
meter 22
22
22
25. 10. Mojave Rattlesnake
The Mojave Rattlesnake, also known as the Mojave Green, is a
highly venomous pit-viper species.
It is found predominantly in the desert regions of the
southwestern United States as well as central Mexico,
It is largely considered by scientists to possess the most toxic
venom of all rattlesnake species.
The Mojave Rattlesnake grows to around 3.3 feet in length (on
average), with the largest reaching lengths of 4.5 feet.
The snake’s color varies from light green to brown, allowing it
to easily blend in with its nearby surroundings.
The venom of the Mojave Rattlesnake is extremely deadly, and
nearly matches the toxicity of several elapids (such as the King
Cobra and Black Mamba).
23
23
23
27. Beatson, C. (28 March, 2019). Eastern Brown Snake. Australian Museum. Retrieved on
October 19, 2019.
Black Mamba. National Geographic. Retrieved on October 19, 2019.
CSL Taipan Antivenom. The University of Adelaide. Retrieved on October 21, 2019.
CSL Tiger Snake Antivenom. The University of Adelaide. Retrieved on October 21, 2019.
Fatal snake bites in Australia: facts, stats and stories. The University of Melbourne.
Retrieved on October 19, 2019.
Palermo, E. (26 February, 2013). What Are the World's Deadliest Snakes? LiveScience.
Retrieved on October 19, 2019.
Pultarova, T. (9 November, 2017). Pet Snake Nearly Kills Teen: Why the Inland Taipan Is
So Deadly. LiveScience. Retrieved on October 29, 2019.
Rafferty, J. 9 of the World’s Deadliest Snakes. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved on
October 20, 2019.
Slawson, Larry. "Belcher's Sea Snake." Owlcation. Retrieved on March 9, 2020.
Slawson, Larry. "The Black Mamba: Venomous, Aggressive, and Extremely Dangerous."
Owlcation. Retrieved on January 27, 2020.
Slawson, Larry. "The Top 10 Most Venomous Snakes in Australia." Owlcation. 2020.
Snake Bites. HealthDirect. Retrieved on October 26, 2019.
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