The document discusses the size and composition of the universe. It begins by defining what the universe contains, including empty space, energy, dark energy, and matter. It then explains the Big Bang theory, how the universe began as an incredibly small, dense point approximately 13.7 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since. It provides examples of scientific notation used to measure the vast distances within the universe from Earth to other galaxies. The document concludes by discussing potential futures of the universe, whether it will expand forever or potentially collapse back on itself in a "Big Crunch."
Hubble Telescope is used to observe in the near-infrared through the visible spectrum to the ultra-violet.
This Telescope is placed above the distortion of the atmosphere, far above rain clouds and light pollution.
Its advantage to avoid atmospheric turbulence.It has an extremely large field of view which is necessary to obtain high resolution images of large areas of the sky.
Try to sort a series of images to reflect the order of the stages in the life cycle of a star. You know more than you think!
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
Hubble Telescope is used to observe in the near-infrared through the visible spectrum to the ultra-violet.
This Telescope is placed above the distortion of the atmosphere, far above rain clouds and light pollution.
Its advantage to avoid atmospheric turbulence.It has an extremely large field of view which is necessary to obtain high resolution images of large areas of the sky.
Try to sort a series of images to reflect the order of the stages in the life cycle of a star. You know more than you think!
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
“Poets say science takes away from the beauty of the stars - mere globs of gas atoms. I, too, can see the stars on a desert night, and feel them. But do I see less or more?” - Richard P. Feynman
We all have wondered about the origins of our universe. How did it all begin? What do we see when we look up at the night sky? What exactly is dark matter? Are there more universes out there? What about aliens?
Jaya — a student of astronomy — is on her way to discovering the answers to these questions and unravelling other mysteries of our universe. She’s here this weekend to share what she’s learnt so far with us.
Date: Saturday, January 8, 2011
Time: Presentation at 8:00 PM, followed by a discussion, dinner and some star-gazing.
Venue: Tunnel Top, Mini Matheran Resort
Though i am not an applied physics /B.S.C physics student ,Science has always been something of my interest :) Presentation during "International School on Astronomy and Space Science organized by Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology and B.P. Koirala Memorial Planetorium, Observatory and Science Museum Development Board "
Astronomy - Stat eof the Art - CosmologyChris Impey
Astronomy - State of the Art is a course covering the hottest topics in astronomy. In this section, the properties of the whole universe are covered, including Hubble expansion, the age and size, the big bang, and dark energy.
The Big Bang event is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature.[1] Various cosmological models of the Big Bang explain the evolution of the observable universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale form.[2][3][4] These models offer a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, and large-scale structure. The overall uniformity of the Universe, known as the flatness problem, is explained through cosmic inflation: a sudden and very rapid expansion of space during the earliest moments. However, physics currently lacks a widely accepted theory of quantum gravity that can successfully model the earliest conditions of the Big Bang.
Crucially, these models are compatible with the Hubble–Lemaître law—the observation that the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from Earth. Extrapolating this cosmic expansion backwards in time using the known laws of physics, the models describe an increasingly concentrated cosmos preceded by a singularity in which space and time lose meaning (typically named "the Big Bang singularity").[5] In 1964 the CMB was discovered, which convinced many cosmologists that the competing steady-state model of cosmic evolution was falsified,[6] since the Big Bang models predict a uniform background radiation caused by high temperatures and densities in the distant past. A wide range of empirical evidence strongly favors the Big Bang event, which is now essentially universally accepted.[7] Detailed measurements of the expansion rate of the universe place the Big Bang singularity at an estimated 13.787±0.020 billion years ago, which is considered the age of the universe.[8]
There remain aspects of the observed universe that are not yet adequately explained by the Big Bang models. After its initial expansion, the universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation of subatomic particles, and later atoms. The unequal abundances of matter and antimatter that allowed this to occur is an unexplained effect known as baryon asymmetry. These primordial elements—mostly hydrogen, with some helium and lithium—later coalesced through gravity, forming early stars and galaxies. Astronomers observe the gravitational effects of an unknown dark matter surrounding galaxies. Most of the gravitational potential in the universe seems to be in this form, and the Big Bang models and various observations indicate that this excess gravitational potential is not created by baryonic matter, such as normal atoms. Measurements of the redshifts of supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, an observation attributed to an unexplained phenomenon known as dark energy.
The universe is the vast expanse that contains everything that exists, including all matter, energy, planets, stars, galaxies, and even the fabric of spacetime itself. It is the totality of all space, time, matter, and energy. Understanding the universe and its origins is a fundamental question that has intrigued humanity for centuries, and various scientific disciplines, including astronomy, physics, and cosmology, seek to unravel its mysteries.
1. Scale and Size
2. Composition
3. Structure
4. Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
5. Expansion
6. Dark Energy
7. Dark Matter
8. Galaxies:
9. Black Holes
10. Fate of the Universe
How old is the universe?The age of the universe is estimated to be approximately 13.8 billion years. This age is based on observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation, the afterglow of the Big Bang, as well as other cosmological data. The estimate has been refined over the years through observations from telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope and measurements of the largescale structure of the universe.
Ancient Cosmologies (Prescientific Revolution)
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. I. What is it? A. Empty Space Nothing B. Energy 8th Grade C. Dark Energy (Expansion force) D. Matter 7th Grade E. Dark Matter (unseen matter)
3. II. Big Bang Universe is expand Hubble’s Law Farther away then the faster it is moving Cosmic Radiation Energy glow from all over the universe (from large explosion)
4. II. Big Bang B. Find starting position and time. Microscopic point in space (smaller than atom) 13.7 billion years ago C. No sound in space (was meant as a joke)
5. III. Size Scientific Notation 1,200 = 1.2 x 103 9,500,000,000,000,000 = 9.5 x 1015 Distances Diameter Earth 1.3 x 107 m Diameter Sun 1.4 x 109 m Diameter Andromeda 2 x 1021 m Known Universe 1 x 1026 m 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 m Light Year 1. Distance light travels in one year 2. Speed of light is 300,000 km/second
6. IV. Galaxies Huge cluster of stars, dust, and gas Held together by gravity Number (125 billion) Types Spiral Elliptical Irregular Quasars Very distant Very bright New Galaxy
7. IV. Galaxies E. Milky Way 1. 25,000 light years to center F. Biggest (IC1101 = 60 x our) G. Farthest (1689-2D1 13 billion LY)
8. V. Future Expand Forever End cold and dark Dark Energy – Increasing speed every day Big Crunch Return to original point in space Dark Matter - 90% of matter can not be seen Stars in galaxies should be flying away but don’t
