The document provides information about various telescopes and their capabilities. It begins with an image and description of the Eagle Nebula taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. It then provides details about the Hubble, including its launch date, dimensions, mirror size, weight, orbital parameters, and main scientific instruments. The next generation of large ground and space-based telescopes are mentioned, including the European Extremely Large Telescope with a 37m mirror, the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, the James Webb Space Telescope, and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.

1. Credit: T.A.Rector, B.A.Wolpa, J. Hester, P. Scowen, NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), STScI.
M16 Eagle Nebula 鷹狀星雲

2. Credit: Johannes Schedler
H-alpha Emission
due to ionization

3. H+
H2
H2

5. Molecular cloud Atmospheric cloud
Size 1014 km 1 km
Mass 1036 gm 1011 gm
Particle Density 103 cm-3 1019 cm-3
Temperature 20 K 260 K
Mol./atomic weight 2.3 29
Dynamical time Million years 5 mins

8. • the hydrogen data shows more detailed structure than the visual data, including
many "holes" or bubbles in the hydrogen emission
• the hydrogen emission is more widespread than the visual data and shows
regions of the galaxy that at visual frequencies are obscured by dust, as well as
bridges or spurs that connect spiral arms, and
• nevertheless there are some regions that are more prominent at visual
frequencies, most notably the galactic nucleus.
M101, the Pinwheel Galaxy
optical 21 cm – atomic hydrogen combined

9. Hydrogen alpha : 3 -> 2
Emitted an 656nm photon

10. Electron flip its spin ->
emit 21cm photon

11. Credits: J. Dickey (UMn), F. Lockman (NRAO), SkyView
HI (Neutral Hydrogen) distribution observed at 21cm

12. Credit: Bina Butt, Ideum/UC Berkeley
Electromagnetic Wave 電磁波

15. H-alpha (ionized hydrogen) map

16. CO survey of molecular hydrogen

17. Spiral Galaxy Messier 81 in infrared by Spitzer
3.6 micron (blue)
4.5 micron (green)
5.8 micron (yellow)
8.0 micron (red) Distribution of dust

18. M16 in infrared by Spitzer
Blue - 4.5 micron
Green – 8 micron
Red – 24 micron

19. SPECTRAL REGION
WAVELENGTH
RANGE
(micrometer)
TEMPERATURE RANGE
(degrees Kelvin)
WHAT WE SEE
Near-Infrared (0.7-1) to 5 740 to (3,000-5,200)
Cooler red stars
Red giants
Dust is transparent
Mid-Infrared 5 to (25-40) (92.5-140) to 740
Planets, comets and
asteroids
Dust warmed by starlight
Protoplanetary disks
Far-Infrared (25-40) to (200-350)
(10.6-18.5) to (92.5-
140)
Emission from cold dust
Central regions of
galaxies
Very cold molecular
clouds

20. Near Infrared Mid/Far Infrared

23. Credit: NASA, the NICMOS Group (STScI, ESA), and the NICMOS Science Team (University of Arizona), H. Ford (JHU),
G. Illingworth (UCSC/LO), M.Clampin (STScI), G. Hartig (STScI), the ACS Science Team,
The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) and ESA

24. Spitzer Space Telescope (SST)
史匹哲太空望遠鏡
Launched 發射：
Aug 25, 2003

28. Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO)
錢德拉X射線天文臺
Launched 發射：
Jul 23, 1999

29. Credit: Addison Wesley
Atmospheric Window 大氣視窗

30. Multiwavelength Milky Way 多波段銀河
Credit: Astrophysics Data Facility, Astronomical Data Center, Space Science Data Operations Office, NASA

31. The Great Observatories
四大太空天文臺
Credit: NASA, Sky & Telescope
1. Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO)
2. Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
3. Spitzer Space Telescope (SST)
4. Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO)
31
2
4

32. Three cloud configurations
showing GMCs
(configuration a), a GMC
with an H II blister
(configuration b), and a
giant H II region with
molecular fragments
(configuration c) with stars
forming in all of them.

33. Antennae galaxies

34. CO integrated intensity map (white contours)
overlaid on a true color HST image of the
Antennae galaxies

37. Credit: Pearson Education, Addison Wesley
Hydrostatic Equilibrium 流體靜力平衡
壓力
重力

38. Planck image (ESA),
Nature vol 466, page 928–929
Spitzer image SSC2006-16b
NASA/JPL-Caltech/T. Megeath
(University of Toledo, Ohio)

39. Protoplanetary Disks
Orion Nebula is the home
to tens of what could be the
forming planetary systems.
Credit: NASA,ESA, M. Robberto (STScI) and the HST Orion Treasury Project Team

40. Credit: NASA/ESA and L. Ricci (ESO)

42. Credit: Pearson Education, Addison Wesley
太陽風
光球層
太陽風
輻射層
對流層
色球層
日冕
Main Sequence Star
主序星

43. Credit: Slim Films

44. Credit: Addison Wesley
Helium is produced from 4 Hydrogen nuclei
P-P Chain 質子質子鏈 (T<18M K)

45. P-P Chain 質子質子鏈
Credit: Dept. Physics & Astronomy, University of Tennessee

46. Credit: Pearson Education, Addison Wesley
CNO Cycle (T>18M K)

47. Credit: Pearson Education, Addison Wesley
Energy Transport

49. Credit: Pearson Education, Addison Wesley
亞巨星

50. Triple-alpha process
Credit: C. Aa Diget, University of Aarhus
2He4
2He4
2He4
6C12

51. Credit: Pearson Education, Addison Wesley

52. Credit: Pearson Education, Addison Wesley

53. NGC7293 Helix Nebula 螺旋星雲
Credit: NASA, ESA, C.R. O’Dell(Vanderbilt U.), M. Meixner and P. McCullough (STScI)

54. Credit: NASA, ESA, G. Bacon(STScI)
White Dwarf
白矮星

55. C6 Cat’s Eye Nebula 貓眼星雲
Planetary Nebula
行星狀星雲
Credit: NASA, ESA, HEIC, The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), J.P. Harrington, K.J. Borkowski (University of Maryland),
Nordic Optical Telescope and Romano Corradi (Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Spain)

56. Credit: H. Bond (STScI), B. Balick (University of Washington), NASA, ESA

57. Cosmic Butterflies 星空蝴蝶
Credit: ESA

58. Credit: Addison Wesley
58
Oxygen is
produced
Neon is
produced
Magnesium
is produced
Silicon is
produced
Sulfur is
produced
Iron is
produced

59. Credit: Pearson Education, Addison Wesley

62. Credit: NASA, ESA, P. Challis and R. Kirshner (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)

63. Credit: T. Rector/University of Alaska Anchorage and WIYN/NOAO/AURA/NSF
NGC6960 Veil Nebula 面紗星雲
Supernova Remnant
超新星殘骸

65. CCST9012
Human's Place in the Universe

66. O, Be A Fine Girl (Guy) Kiss Me

67. A Timeline of Telescope
Credit: Melissa Thomas

68. Credit: Gemini Observatory
8m
Gemini North Observatory
雙子座北天文台

69. Credit: Wei-Hao Wang
Mauna Kea 基亞山
10m
Keck Observatory
凱克天文台
8.2m
Subaru Telescope
昴宿望遠鏡

70. Hyper Suprime-Cam on NAOJ Subaru Telescope
116 CCDs with a total of 870 million pixels
60cm

71. Credit: ESO
Very Large Telescope (VLT)

73. Active optics

75. Until recently, observations
of the motions of stars near
the Milky Way’s center have
been the closest that
astronomers have come to
observing the event horizon
of the black hole Sgr A*. The
stars’ orbits (dashed lines)
reveal that they are in the
thrall of a very compact
object with a mass of 4.5
million suns. Colored dots
mark the stars’ positions
each year from 1995 to 2008.
The background is a 2008
infrared image of the stars
(and others). The star S0-16
comes closest to Sgr A*—
within seven light-hours—but
even that distance remains
600 times larger than the
event horizon’s radius .

76. Credit: ESA
Launch Date 發射日期: 1990-04-24 12:33:51 UT
Dimensions 尺寸: 15.9m 長 x 4.2m 直徑
Mirror Diameter 口徑: 2.4m
Weight 重量: 11110 kg
Orbital altitude 軌道高度: 568 km
Orbital time 軌道周期: 96 min
哈勃太空望遠鏡

77. Credit: ESA
2.4m 主鏡
Primary Mirror
0.3m 副鏡
Secondary Mirror
鏡蓋
Aperture Door
支援系統 Support Systems
如電腦、電池、陀螺儀、反作用輪、電子儀器
e.g. Computers, batteries, gyroscopes,
reaction wheels, electronics
太陽能板
Solar Panels
通訊天線
Communication
Antennae
精密導星感應器
Fine Guidance Sensors (FGS)
科學儀器
Scientific Instruments
(WFC3, ACS, NICMOS,
STIS, COS)

78. Wide Field Camera 3
Cosmic Origins
Spectrograph

79. WFC3 Images
(Wide Field Camera 3) 第三代廣角照相機
Credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble SM4 ERO Team
Stephan's Quintet 史提芬五重星系
NGC 6302 Carina Nebula 船底星雲
Omega Cluster 奧米加星團

81. Credit: NASA,
ESA, M. Livio
and the Hubble
20th
Anniversary
Team (STScI)
Carina Nebula 船底星雲

82. CCD matrix of Kepler

83. European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT)
Operation start aim at 2018
37m mirror

84. Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA)

85. European Extremely
Large Telescope (E-ELT)
Atacama Large
Millimeter Array (ALMA)
James Webb
Space Telescope (JWST)
Large Synoptic
Survey Telescope (LSST)