Hubble Telescope is used to observe in the near-infrared through the visible spectrum to the ultra-violet.
This Telescope is placed above the distortion of the atmosphere, far above rain clouds and light pollution.
Its advantage to avoid atmospheric turbulence.It has an extremely large field of view which is necessary to obtain high resolution images of large areas of the sky.
Hubble Telescope is used to observe in the near-infrared through the visible spectrum to the ultra-violet.
This Telescope is placed above the distortion of the atmosphere, far above rain clouds and light pollution.
Its advantage to avoid atmospheric turbulence.It has an extremely large field of view which is necessary to obtain high resolution images of large areas of the sky.
Contents
Introduction to Pulsar.
Properties of pulsar.
Discovery of pulsar.
Formation of pulsar from neutron star.
Crab pulsar & Binary pulsar.
Mechanism & radiating process of pulsar.
Application & Milestone.
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope designed primarily to conduct infrared astronomy. As the largest optical telescope in space, its greatly improved infrared resolution and sensitivity allow it to view objects too early, distant, or faint for the Hubble Space Telescope. This is expected to enable a broad range of investigations across the fields of astronomy and cosmology, such as observation of the first stars and the formation of the first galaxies, and detailed atmospheric characterization of potentially habitable exoplanets.
Goals: The James Webb Space Telescope is an infrared observatory that will complement and extend the discoveries of the Hubble Space Telescope, with longer wavelength coverage and greatly improved sensitivity.
Launch Date: Dec. 25, 2021 | 12:20 UTC
Science Targets: Our Solar System | Beyond Our Solar System
Type :Orbiter
Agency: NASA
Webb will study every phase in the history of our universe, ranging from the first luminous glows after the big bang, to the formation of solar systems capable of supporting life on planets like Earth, to the evolution of our own solar system. It will build on the Hubble Space Telescope's discoveries
JWST's primary mirror is a 6.5 m (21 ft.)-diameter gold-coated beryllium reflector with a collecting area of 25.4 m2 (273 sq. ft.). If it were built as a single large mirror, this would have been too large for existing launch vehicles. The mirror is therefore composed of 18 hexagonal segments which unfolded after the telescope was launched
JWST operates in a halo orbit, circling around a point in space known as the Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point, approximately 1,500,000 km beyond Earth's orbit around the Sun.
L2 is short-hand for the second Lagrange Point, a wonderful accident of gravity and orbital mechanics, and the perfect place to park the Webb telescope in space. There are five so-called "Lagrange Points" - areas where gravity from the sun and Earth balance the orbital motion of a satellite
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope which conducts infrared astronomy. As the largest optical telescope in space, its high resolution and sensitivity allow it to view objects too old, distant, or faint for the Hubble Space Telescope.[8] This will enable investigations across many fields of astronomy and cosmology, such as observation of the first stars, the formation of the first galaxies, and detailed atmospheric characterization of potentially habitable exoplanets.[9][10].The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) led JWST's design and development and partnered with two main agencies: the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Maryland managed telescope development, the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore on the Homewood Campus of Johns Hopkins University operates JWST, and the prime contractor was Northrop Grumman. The telescope is named after James E. Webb, who was the administrator of NASA from 1961 to 1968 during the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs.
The James Webb Space Telescope was launched on 25 December 2021 on an Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou, French Guiana, and arrived at the Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point in January 2022. The first JWST image was released to the public via a press conference on 11 July 2022.[11]
JWST's primary mirror consists of 18 hexagonal mirror segments made of gold-plated beryllium, which combined create a 6.5-meter-diameter (21 ft) mirror, compared with Hubble's 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in). This gives JWST a light-collecting area of about 25 square meters, about six times that of Hubble. Unlike Hubble, which observes in the near ultraviolet and visible (0.1 to 0.8 μm), and near infrared (0.8–2.5 μm)[12] spectra, JWST observes in a lower frequency range, from long-wavelength visible light (red) through mid-infrared (0.6–28.3 μm). The telescope must be kept extremely cold, below 50 K (−223 °C; −370 °F), such that the infrared light emitted by the telescope itself does not interfere with the collected light. It is deployed in a solar orbit near the Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point, about 1.5 million kilometers (930,000 mi) from Earth, where its five-layer sunshield protects it from warming by the Sun, Earth, and Moon.Initial designs for the telescope, then named the Next Generation Space Telescope, began in 1996. Two concept studies were commissioned in 1999, for a potential launch in 2007 and a US$1 billion budget. The program was plagued with enormous cost overruns and delays; a major redesign in 2005 led to the current approach, with construction completed in 2016 at a total cost of US$10 billion. The high-stakes nature of the launch and the telescope's complexity were remarked upon by the media, scientists, and engineers.
Contents
Introduction to Pulsar.
Properties of pulsar.
Discovery of pulsar.
Formation of pulsar from neutron star.
Crab pulsar & Binary pulsar.
Mechanism & radiating process of pulsar.
Application & Milestone.
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope designed primarily to conduct infrared astronomy. As the largest optical telescope in space, its greatly improved infrared resolution and sensitivity allow it to view objects too early, distant, or faint for the Hubble Space Telescope. This is expected to enable a broad range of investigations across the fields of astronomy and cosmology, such as observation of the first stars and the formation of the first galaxies, and detailed atmospheric characterization of potentially habitable exoplanets.
Goals: The James Webb Space Telescope is an infrared observatory that will complement and extend the discoveries of the Hubble Space Telescope, with longer wavelength coverage and greatly improved sensitivity.
Launch Date: Dec. 25, 2021 | 12:20 UTC
Science Targets: Our Solar System | Beyond Our Solar System
Type :Orbiter
Agency: NASA
Webb will study every phase in the history of our universe, ranging from the first luminous glows after the big bang, to the formation of solar systems capable of supporting life on planets like Earth, to the evolution of our own solar system. It will build on the Hubble Space Telescope's discoveries
JWST's primary mirror is a 6.5 m (21 ft.)-diameter gold-coated beryllium reflector with a collecting area of 25.4 m2 (273 sq. ft.). If it were built as a single large mirror, this would have been too large for existing launch vehicles. The mirror is therefore composed of 18 hexagonal segments which unfolded after the telescope was launched
JWST operates in a halo orbit, circling around a point in space known as the Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point, approximately 1,500,000 km beyond Earth's orbit around the Sun.
L2 is short-hand for the second Lagrange Point, a wonderful accident of gravity and orbital mechanics, and the perfect place to park the Webb telescope in space. There are five so-called "Lagrange Points" - areas where gravity from the sun and Earth balance the orbital motion of a satellite
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope which conducts infrared astronomy. As the largest optical telescope in space, its high resolution and sensitivity allow it to view objects too old, distant, or faint for the Hubble Space Telescope.[8] This will enable investigations across many fields of astronomy and cosmology, such as observation of the first stars, the formation of the first galaxies, and detailed atmospheric characterization of potentially habitable exoplanets.[9][10].The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) led JWST's design and development and partnered with two main agencies: the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Maryland managed telescope development, the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore on the Homewood Campus of Johns Hopkins University operates JWST, and the prime contractor was Northrop Grumman. The telescope is named after James E. Webb, who was the administrator of NASA from 1961 to 1968 during the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs.
The James Webb Space Telescope was launched on 25 December 2021 on an Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou, French Guiana, and arrived at the Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point in January 2022. The first JWST image was released to the public via a press conference on 11 July 2022.[11]
JWST's primary mirror consists of 18 hexagonal mirror segments made of gold-plated beryllium, which combined create a 6.5-meter-diameter (21 ft) mirror, compared with Hubble's 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in). This gives JWST a light-collecting area of about 25 square meters, about six times that of Hubble. Unlike Hubble, which observes in the near ultraviolet and visible (0.1 to 0.8 μm), and near infrared (0.8–2.5 μm)[12] spectra, JWST observes in a lower frequency range, from long-wavelength visible light (red) through mid-infrared (0.6–28.3 μm). The telescope must be kept extremely cold, below 50 K (−223 °C; −370 °F), such that the infrared light emitted by the telescope itself does not interfere with the collected light. It is deployed in a solar orbit near the Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point, about 1.5 million kilometers (930,000 mi) from Earth, where its five-layer sunshield protects it from warming by the Sun, Earth, and Moon.Initial designs for the telescope, then named the Next Generation Space Telescope, began in 1996. Two concept studies were commissioned in 1999, for a potential launch in 2007 and a US$1 billion budget. The program was plagued with enormous cost overruns and delays; a major redesign in 2005 led to the current approach, with construction completed in 2016 at a total cost of US$10 billion. The high-stakes nature of the launch and the telescope's complexity were remarked upon by the media, scientists, and engineers.
The Hubble Space Telescope_ A Window into the Universe.pdfAnandSingh720604
If you're fascinated by the wonders of the universe, the Hubble Space Telescope is an iconic and groundbreaking tool that has revolutionized our understanding of space. This comprehensive guide, "The Ultimate Guide to the Hubble Space Telescope," provides a deep dive into the technology, discoveries, and impact of this remarkable instrument.
In this guide, you'll learn about the Hubble's design and features, including its powerful scientific instruments and capabilities, and how it orbits and is maintained. You'll also explore the stunning and groundbreaking discoveries made by the Hubble, including its role in uncovering the age and expansion of the universe, dark matter and dark energy, the formation of galaxies, stars, and planets, and planetary science and exoplanet discoveries. Additionally, this guide examines the Hubble's contributions to popular culture and education, as well as its artistic and cultural impact.
This guide also looks to the future, discussing the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope and the Hubble's legacy and impact on space exploration and astronomy. It answers common questions and misconceptions about the Hubble, and provides recommendations for further reading.
If you're interested in the Hubble Space Telescope and its impact on our understanding of the universe, "The Ultimate Guide to the Hubble Space Telescope" is a must-read. Whether you're an astronomy enthusiast or just curious about space exploration, this guide offers a fascinating and in-depth look at one of the most important scientific instruments of our time.
This guide is perfect for students, educators, science enthusiasts, and anyone who wants to understand more about the universe we live in. The guide is written in an accessible and engaging style, with stunning images and illustrations to enhance the reading experience. It's also SEO keyword rich, ensuring that it's easily discoverable online for anyone searching for information about the Hubble Space Telescope.
With this guide, you'll gain a deeper appreciation for the Hubble's impact on space exploration and the scientific discoveries it has made possible. So don't wait any longer to discover the secrets of the universe with "The Ultimate Guide to the Hubble Space Telescope."
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was carri.pdfangeldresses
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was carried into orbit by a Space
Shuttle in 1990 and remains in operation.[7] A 2.4-meter (7.9 ft) aperture telescope in low Earth
orbit, Hubble\'s four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near
infraredspectra. The telescope is named after the astronomerEdwin Hubble.
Hubble\'s orbit outside the distortion of Earth\'s atmosphere allows it to take extremely high-
resolution images with almost no background light. Hubble\'s Deep Field has recorded some of
the most detailed visible-light images ever, allowing a deep view into space and time. Many
Hubble observations have led to breakthroughs in astrophysics, such as accurately determining
the rate of expansion of the universe.
Although not the first space telescope, Hubble is one of the largest and most versatile, and is well
known as both a vital research tool and a public relations boon for astronomy. The HST was built
by the United States space agency NASA, with contributions from the European Space Agency,
and is operated by the Space Telescope Science Institute. The HST is one of NASA\'s Great
Observatories, along with the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the Chandra X-ray
Observatory, and the Spitzer Space Telescope.[8]
Space telescopes were proposed as early as 1923.[9] Hubble was funded in the 1970s, with a
proposed launch in 1983, but the project was beset by technical delays, budget problems, and the
Challenger disaster. When finally launched in 1990, Hubble\'s main mirror was found to have
been ground incorrectly, compromising the telescope\'s capabilities. The optics were corrected to
their intended quality by a servicing mission in 1993.
Hubble is the only telescope designed to be serviced in space by astronauts. Between 1993 and
2002, four Space Shuttle missions repaired, upgraded, and replaced systems on the telescope; a
fifth mission was canceled on safety grounds following the Columbia disaster. However, after
spirited public discussion, NASA administrator Mike Griffin approved one final servicing
mission, completed in 2009. The telescope is now expected to function until at least 2014, and
possibly 2020.[10] Its scientific successor, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), is
currently scheduled to be launched in 2018.
Solution
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was carried into orbit by a Space
Shuttle in 1990 and remains in operation.[7] A 2.4-meter (7.9 ft) aperture telescope in low Earth
orbit, Hubble\'s four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near
infraredspectra. The telescope is named after the astronomerEdwin Hubble.
Hubble\'s orbit outside the distortion of Earth\'s atmosphere allows it to take extremely high-
resolution images with almost no background light. Hubble\'s Deep Field has recorded some of
the most detailed visible-light images ever, allowing a deep view into space and time. Many
Hubble observations have led to breakthroughs.
Blake Bullock
James Webb Space Telescope Campaign Lead
Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems
For more information, please visit: https://give.fit.edu/james-webb-space-telescope
Here are the 5 Most Powerful Telescopes; 1 -Keck Observatory, began science operations in 1993 2 -Hubble Space Telescope, launched in 1990 3 -Spitzer Space Telescope, launched in 2003 4 -Large Binocular Telescope, first light in October 2005 5 -Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, launched in 2008
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...
Hubble telescope [Dev N Patel]
1.
2. • A space telescope or space observatory is a telescope located
in outer space to observe distant planets, galaxies and other
astronomical objects.
• The Hubble which is orbiting the Earth outside the
atmosphere is subject neither to electromagnetic radiation or
light pollution from artificial light sources on the Earth.
• This makes the Hubble different from other telescopes.
• Earth’s atmosphere alters and blocks the light that comes
from space. Hubble orbits above Earth’s atmosphere, which
gives it a better view of the universe than telescopes have at
ground level.
What is a space telescope ?
3. Hubble orbits 400 mi above the Earth
Orbits the Earth every 95.6 minute
Launch mass 11.11 tons
Size 13.2 m × 4.2 m
Velocity 7160 m/s
Launched by Space Shuttle Discovery
Hubble specs in short
5. • Images come from Hubble in black & white (real colors).
• Colors are assigned based on chemical elements present,
called representative colors.
• Blue = Oxygen
• Red = Sulfur
• Green= Hydrogen
7. • Hubble data is transmitted to Earth
through a NASA relay satellite which
downlinks it to a ground station in
White Sands, NM.
• From there, it is forwarded to Goddard
Space Flight Center for initial
processing and quality checking.
• Within minutes it is sent to the Space
Telescope Science Institute, where it is
further processed, archived, and made
available to the Principal Investigator
who successfully proposed the
observation.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OFTHE HUBBLE
TELESCOPE
8. Hubble has made more than 1.3 million observations since its mission began in
1990.
Astronomers using Hubble data have published more than 15,000 scientific
papers, making it one of the most productive scientific instruments ever
built. Those papers have been cited in other papers 738,000 times.
Hubble does not travel to stars, planets or galaxies. It takes pictures of them as it
whirls around Earth at about 17,000 mph.
Hubble has circled Earth and gone more than 4 billion miles along a circular low
earth orbit currently about 340 miles in altitude.
Hubble has no thrusters.To change angles, it uses Newton’s third law by spinning
its wheels in the opposite direction. It turns at about the speed of a minute hand
on a clock, taking 15 minutes to turn 90 degrees.
Hubble has the pointing accuracy of .007 arcseconds, which is like being able to
shine a laser beam on President Roosevelt’s head on a dime about 200 miles away.
Did you know ..........
9. Outside the haze of our atmosphere, it can see astronomical objects with an angular
size of 0.05 arcseconds, which is like seeing a pair of fireflies inTokyo that are less than
10 feet apart from Washington, DC.
Due to the combination of optics and sensitive detectors and with no atmosphere to
interfere with the light reaching it, Hubble can spot a night light on the surface of the
Moon from Earth.
Hubble has peered back into the very distant past, to locations more than 13.4 billion
light-years from Earth.
Hubble generates about 10 terabytes of new data per year.The total archive is
currently over 150TB in size.
Hubble weighed about 24,000 pounds at launch but if returned to Earth today would
weigh about 27,000 pounds — on the order of two full-grown African elephants.
Hubble's primary mirror is 2.4 meters (7 feet, 10.5 inches) across. It was so finely
polished that if you scaled it to be the diameter of the Earth, you would not find a
bump more than 6 inches tall.
Hubble is 13.3 meters (43.5 feet) long — the length of a large school bus.
10. Images taken by Hubble have helped scientists estimate the age and
size of the universe. Scientists believe the universe is almost 14 billion
years old. Hubble has helped scientists understand how planets and
galaxies form.An image called "Hubble Ultra Deep Field" shows the
farthest galaxies ever seen.
Hubble has detected black holes, which suck in everything around
them, including light.The telescope has played a key role in the
discovery of dark energy, a mysterious force that causes the universe to
expand faster and faster as time goes on. And it has revealed details of
gamma-ray bursts -- powerful explosions of energy that occur when
massive stars collapse.
Hubble has also studied the atmospheres of planets revolving around
stars similar to Earth’s sun.
What Are Hubble's Most Important Discoveries?
11.
12. SOLAR PANELS
Named after the famous American astronomer
Edwin Hubble, the Hubble telescope is powered by
six nickel-hydrogen batteries, which provide power
to the spacecraft during orbit while it flies through
the Earth’s shadow. The scientific instrumentation
and onboard computers draw approximately 2800
watts, which are charged by two 2.45 x 7.56m solar
panels.
13. COMMUNICATIONS ANTENNAS
On-board the Hubble telescope are two identical
S-Band transmitters. In 1998 one of the transmitters
failed, however the secondary transmitter has kept
up with the extra load by rotating the telescope to
maintain communication. The radio waves
converted from the solid-state recording system are
sent to a NASA communication satellite, which in-
turn relays the information to Earth.
14. APERTURE DOOR
The adaptive optics on the Hubble telescope
allow it to conduct high-resolution optical
visualization over a wide field of view. The
aperture door itself can be closed if needed,
to prevent light from external sources from
entering the telescope.
16. NASA named the world's first space-based optical telescope after American astronomer Edwin
P. Hubble (1889 -- 1953). Dr. Hubble confirmed an "expanding" universe, which provided the
foundation for the big-bang theory.
Mission
• Launch: April 24, 1990, from space shuttle Discovery (STS-31)
• Deployment:April 25, 1990
• First Image: May 20, 1990: Star cluster NGC 3532
• Servicing Mission 1 (STS-61): December 1993
• Servicing Mission 2 (STS-82): February 1997
• Servicing Mission 3A (STS-103): December 1999
• Servicing Mission 3B (STS-109): February 2002
• Servicing Mission 4 (STS-125): May 2009
Hubble SpaceTelescope Facts
17. Size
• Length: 43.5 feet (13.2 m)
• Weight: At Launch: about 24,000 pounds (10,886 kg)
• Post SM4: about 27,000 pounds (12,247 kg)
• Maximum Diameter: 14 feet (4.2 m)
Spaceflight Statistics
• Low Earth Orbit: Altitude of 340 miles (295 nautical miles, or 547 km), inclined 28.5
to the equator
• Time to Complete One Orbit: about 95 minutes
• Speed: about 17,000 mph (27,300 kph)
Optical Capabilities
• Sensitivity to Light: Ultraviolet through Infrared (115–2500 nanometers)
18. Hubble's Mirrors
• Primary Mirror Diameter: 94.5 inches (2.4 m)
• Primary Mirror Weight: 1,825 pounds (828 kg)
• Secondary Mirror Diameter: 12 inches (0.3 m)
• Secondary Mirror Weight: 27.4 pounds (12.3 kg)
Pointing Accuracy
In order to take images of distant, faint objects, Hubble must be extremely steady and
accurate. The telescope is able to lock onto a target without deviating more than
arcsecond, or about the width of a human hair seen at a distance of 1 mile.
Data Statistics
Hubble transmits about 150 gigabits of raw science data every week.
19. Power Needs
• Energy Source: The Sun
• Mechanism: Two 25-foot solar panels
• Power Generation (in Sunlight): about 5,500 watts
• Power Usage (Average): about 2,100 watts
Power Storage
• Batteries: 6 nickel-hydrogen (NiH)
• Storage Capacity: Equal to about 22 average car batteries
20. Hubble turned 30 years old in 2020. Engineers designed Hubble so that
it could be repaired and upgraded as needed. Since the telescope's
launch, five space shuttle missions have carried astronauts to Hubble to
repair and upgrade it.The last mission was in 2009. Hubble was
upgraded so that it is better than ever.The telescope will not be
repaired or upgraded again. But, it is expected to continue to work past
2020.
Meanwhile, NASA and its international partners are preparing the
JamesWebb SpaceTelescope.TheWebb is an infrared telescope that
will be larger than Hubble and will be able to see through clouds and
dust in space. Instead of orbiting Earth, this telescope will orbit the Sun
from a point beyond the Moon.Webb will send back amazing images
like Hubble does, and it will help astronomers unlock more of the
biggest mysteries of the universe.
What Is the Future of Hubble?