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Creation of theUniverse
Cosmology
Study of theorigin, structure and future of
theuniverse.
Itisthoughtthattheuniverseis in
constantexpansion!
13.7 to 15 thousand million years ago…
All the matter in the universe was compressed in a
small point.
As it started rotating, it exploded and liberated all
the energy in theUniverse.
The galaxies were formed a thousand million
years later.
This explosion of matter and energy is known
as the…
Galaxies
There are differentmodelsabouttheform of
thegalaxies.
Forms of theGalaxies
3 types of them:
Spirals
Form of disc,
withhighlydensedstarsgroupedsurrou
ndingthe central bulb.
Ellipticals
All of thestarswereformed at once
and havetheshape of anellipse.
Irregulars
Withoutdefinitieaspect and
smallsized.
New starskeepforming, made of
gas and dust.
TheMilkyWayis a regular
spiralgalaxy.
Itformed 13
thousandmillionyears ago.
Solar System
It was formed 4600 million years ago in
a cloud of hellium and rocks.
It has 2 type of planets:
Interiors
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
TheclosestonestotheSun, thefirstonestobeformed, made of
rock.
Exteriors
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
Theformedslowly and are made of gas.
Comets
AsteroidsM
eteors
Rock and metal
Chunks of ice
DustcloudsErrantobjectsmade of:
Comets
Parts of ice and rock
They travel around the Sun
Meteor (shootingstar)
Stream of light
Rock and dustburn in thehighlevels of
theatmosphere
Meteorite
Rock fromspacethatfallsintoEarth
Piece of asteroid
Asteroid
Smallerpieces of rock
BetweenMars and Jupiter
Limitbetween interior and exterior
planets
Astronomy
One of theoldestsciences
Firstobservations and descoveriesmadeby:
Babylonians, Egyptians, Chinese and Greek
TheGreekswerethefirstonesto try
toexplaintheplanetarymovement
The Earth was the center of theUniverse
Ptolomy’s Solar System
Geocentricsystem
Earth is the center of theUniverse
Theplanetsthatrevolvearoundit
Moon
Mercury
Venus
Sun
Mars
Jipiter
Saturn
Copernicus’ heliocentrictheory
The Sun is the center of theUniverse
Itdoesnotmove
Planetsrevolvearoundit in circular orbits
Starslocated, immobile, in theoutersphere
Theprecedentmodelforscientistslike:
Galileo
Kepler
Newton
Galileo Galilei’sMoons
Built a telescopewith 32 lenses
Begininning of theTelescopicAstronomy
DemonstratedthattheSun revolved aroundits
axis in 27 days
Observation of solar stains
Observed 4 bodies
revolvingaround
Jupiter
Galileo’smoons
Johann Kepler’sLaws
Basedon:
Copernicus’ theory
Observationsmadebyhisteacher, TychoBrahe
Demonstratedellipticalplanetorbits
17 years of dedication
Vast knowledge in mathematics
Stablished 3 laws in planetary motion
Kepler’sFirstLaw
The paths of the planets are ellipses
with the Sun at one focus.
Kepler’sSecondLaw
An imaginar line from the Sun to a
planet sweeps out equal areas in
equal time intervals whether the
planet is close to or far from the Sun.
TheplanetsmovefasterneartheSun.
Kepler’sThirdLaw
Thesquares of theperiods of
revolution of theplanets are
proportionaltothe cubes of theradius
of theirorbits.
Isaac Newton
Deduced that a planet is kept in orbit by the
centripetal force by the force of attraction of
the Sun.
This phenomenom is Universal
Between 2 objects of any material
Itgaveoriginto:
Law of Universal Gravitation
Law of Universal Gravitation
Any 2 bodies attract with a force proportional
to the product of their masses and inverserly
proportional to the square of the distance
betweenthem.
Implications on the Universal Law of
Gravitation
Orbitsdependon universal gravity
Planets and moonsalike
Force of gravityonEarth’ssurfaceretainseverything
Atmospheredoesnot escape toinfinity
Waterdoesnotfall off theplanet
Objectsthrowntothe air returntotheground
The tides occurs when the Moon along with the
Sun influence on water
Force of attractiontospacebodies
Albert Einstein
General Theory of Relativity
Gravity is not a force, but an effect of space itself.
It is an apparent force, and mass causes space to be
curved, and other bodies are accelerated because they
move in this curved space.
A verylargemass causes:
Distortion in space
Makestheparticles, even light, tofollowcurvedtrajectories
Video
The Detailed Universe This will Blow Your Mind. (1).mp4

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Basics of the universe
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The universe

  • 1.
  • 2. Creation of theUniverse Cosmology Study of theorigin, structure and future of theuniverse. Itisthoughtthattheuniverseis in constantexpansion!
  • 3. 13.7 to 15 thousand million years ago… All the matter in the universe was compressed in a small point. As it started rotating, it exploded and liberated all the energy in theUniverse. The galaxies were formed a thousand million years later. This explosion of matter and energy is known as the…
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 7. Forms of theGalaxies 3 types of them: Spirals Form of disc, withhighlydensedstarsgroupedsurrou ndingthe central bulb. Ellipticals All of thestarswereformed at once and havetheshape of anellipse.
  • 8. Irregulars Withoutdefinitieaspect and smallsized. New starskeepforming, made of gas and dust. TheMilkyWayis a regular spiralgalaxy. Itformed 13 thousandmillionyears ago.
  • 9. Solar System It was formed 4600 million years ago in a cloud of hellium and rocks. It has 2 type of planets: Interiors Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. TheclosestonestotheSun, thefirstonestobeformed, made of rock. Exteriors Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Theformedslowly and are made of gas.
  • 10. Comets AsteroidsM eteors Rock and metal Chunks of ice DustcloudsErrantobjectsmade of:
  • 11. Comets Parts of ice and rock They travel around the Sun Meteor (shootingstar) Stream of light Rock and dustburn in thehighlevels of theatmosphere Meteorite Rock fromspacethatfallsintoEarth Piece of asteroid Asteroid Smallerpieces of rock BetweenMars and Jupiter Limitbetween interior and exterior planets
  • 12. Astronomy One of theoldestsciences Firstobservations and descoveriesmadeby: Babylonians, Egyptians, Chinese and Greek TheGreekswerethefirstonesto try toexplaintheplanetarymovement The Earth was the center of theUniverse
  • 13. Ptolomy’s Solar System Geocentricsystem Earth is the center of theUniverse Theplanetsthatrevolvearoundit Moon Mercury Venus Sun Mars Jipiter Saturn
  • 14. Copernicus’ heliocentrictheory The Sun is the center of theUniverse Itdoesnotmove Planetsrevolvearoundit in circular orbits Starslocated, immobile, in theoutersphere Theprecedentmodelforscientistslike: Galileo Kepler Newton
  • 15. Galileo Galilei’sMoons Built a telescopewith 32 lenses Begininning of theTelescopicAstronomy DemonstratedthattheSun revolved aroundits axis in 27 days Observation of solar stains Observed 4 bodies revolvingaround Jupiter Galileo’smoons
  • 16. Johann Kepler’sLaws Basedon: Copernicus’ theory Observationsmadebyhisteacher, TychoBrahe Demonstratedellipticalplanetorbits 17 years of dedication Vast knowledge in mathematics Stablished 3 laws in planetary motion
  • 17. Kepler’sFirstLaw The paths of the planets are ellipses with the Sun at one focus.
  • 18. Kepler’sSecondLaw An imaginar line from the Sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals whether the planet is close to or far from the Sun. TheplanetsmovefasterneartheSun.
  • 19. Kepler’sThirdLaw Thesquares of theperiods of revolution of theplanets are proportionaltothe cubes of theradius of theirorbits.
  • 20. Isaac Newton Deduced that a planet is kept in orbit by the centripetal force by the force of attraction of the Sun. This phenomenom is Universal Between 2 objects of any material Itgaveoriginto: Law of Universal Gravitation
  • 21. Law of Universal Gravitation Any 2 bodies attract with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inverserly proportional to the square of the distance betweenthem.
  • 22. Implications on the Universal Law of Gravitation Orbitsdependon universal gravity Planets and moonsalike Force of gravityonEarth’ssurfaceretainseverything Atmospheredoesnot escape toinfinity Waterdoesnotfall off theplanet Objectsthrowntothe air returntotheground The tides occurs when the Moon along with the Sun influence on water Force of attractiontospacebodies
  • 23. Albert Einstein General Theory of Relativity Gravity is not a force, but an effect of space itself. It is an apparent force, and mass causes space to be curved, and other bodies are accelerated because they move in this curved space. A verylargemass causes: Distortion in space Makestheparticles, even light, tofollowcurvedtrajectories
  • 24. Video The Detailed Universe This will Blow Your Mind. (1).mp4