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China and the Treaty of
       Versailles
                      IB HL History
 Why were Chinese hopes so bitterly disappointed by
                the Treaty of Versailles?
LO: To explain why the results of the ToV negotiations
    led to a rise in Nationalist sentiment in China
Starter: What is the
historical connection
 between these two
      pictures?
Background
• Prewar Germany had control of Shandong province
• China joined WW1 on the side of the allies
• So did Japan who had conquered Shandong from
  Germany
• Chinese troops did not take part
• Large numbers of Chinese labourers were sent to
  France to help the war effort
Competing Demands

•   Britain's promises to China in 1914 to restore Shandong to it when Germany was
    defeated

•   The demands of Japan, and whether or not Japan's war-time treaties with China were of
    a voluntary character eg: Duan Qirui’s Sino-Japanese military alliance of 1918 was
    effectively an ‘unequal treaty’

•   Britain's promises to Japan in 1917 to support its case at the Peace Conference

•   Warlord era: The lack of an effective Chinese government

•   China's declaration of war on Germany in 1917 and its claim to be treated as one of the
    victorious allies

•   The insistence of US President Wilson on a peace settlement in accord with his ideals
    e.g.: Self-determination.
The Conference
• Wilson needs to keep Japan in his plans for the
  League of Nations
• Japan gets Shandong
• Chinese delegation refuse to sign the Treaty of
  Versailles
• Immediate violent reactions from Chinese
  immigrants in Paris are forewarnings of what is to
  come
The Cliffhanger
• “When news of the Paris decision reached
  Peking, Chinese faith in Wilson and the
  tenets of his idealism were shattered.
  Enraged by what they saw as Western
  betrayal, students vowed to defend
  Shantung by blood”
-I.C.Y. Hsu “Modern China”
Thinking Thematically
•   Nationalism
•   Foreign encroachment
•   Japanese aggression
•   North v South Split in China
•   Modernism
•   Lack of democratic traditions in China
•   Unitary state/Disunity
•   Racial inequality
•   Disenchantment with the West
•   What examples of each of these can you find?
TOK Link

• This course charts the often traumatic emergence
  of traditional China coping with ‘Western’
  modernity.
• How do we ‘know' if an epoch has changed?
• Are we in the middle of a 21 Century change
                              st

  now to post post modernity? Hyper modernity?

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The treaty of versailles and china

  • 1. China and the Treaty of Versailles IB HL History Why were Chinese hopes so bitterly disappointed by the Treaty of Versailles? LO: To explain why the results of the ToV negotiations led to a rise in Nationalist sentiment in China
  • 2. Starter: What is the historical connection between these two pictures?
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. Background • Prewar Germany had control of Shandong province • China joined WW1 on the side of the allies • So did Japan who had conquered Shandong from Germany • Chinese troops did not take part • Large numbers of Chinese labourers were sent to France to help the war effort
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. Competing Demands • Britain's promises to China in 1914 to restore Shandong to it when Germany was defeated • The demands of Japan, and whether or not Japan's war-time treaties with China were of a voluntary character eg: Duan Qirui’s Sino-Japanese military alliance of 1918 was effectively an ‘unequal treaty’ • Britain's promises to Japan in 1917 to support its case at the Peace Conference • Warlord era: The lack of an effective Chinese government • China's declaration of war on Germany in 1917 and its claim to be treated as one of the victorious allies • The insistence of US President Wilson on a peace settlement in accord with his ideals e.g.: Self-determination.
  • 17. The Conference • Wilson needs to keep Japan in his plans for the League of Nations • Japan gets Shandong • Chinese delegation refuse to sign the Treaty of Versailles • Immediate violent reactions from Chinese immigrants in Paris are forewarnings of what is to come
  • 18. The Cliffhanger • “When news of the Paris decision reached Peking, Chinese faith in Wilson and the tenets of his idealism were shattered. Enraged by what they saw as Western betrayal, students vowed to defend Shantung by blood” -I.C.Y. Hsu “Modern China”
  • 19. Thinking Thematically • Nationalism • Foreign encroachment • Japanese aggression • North v South Split in China • Modernism • Lack of democratic traditions in China • Unitary state/Disunity • Racial inequality • Disenchantment with the West • What examples of each of these can you find?
  • 20. TOK Link • This course charts the often traumatic emergence of traditional China coping with ‘Western’ modernity. • How do we ‘know' if an epoch has changed? • Are we in the middle of a 21 Century change st now to post post modernity? Hyper modernity?

Editor's Notes

  1. TsingTao beer started by Germans (with German hops) in China
  2. Adapted from http://www.sacu.org/versaillesdeal.html
  3. Wellington Koo