The document summarizes the government system established in the Philippines after gaining independence from the United States following World War II. It describes the three branches of government - executive, legislative, and judicial - established under the 1935 Constitution. It provides details on the structure and powers of each branch, such as the president heading the executive branch as commander-in-chief, the bicameral legislative branch initiating laws and ratifying treaties, and the judicial branch headed by the Supreme Court interpreting laws and declaring them constitutional. The document also notes several presidents during this period and policies implemented regarding local government.

1. • After the Second World War, the Philippines established a
Republican government with the aid of the American
Government.
• The government was divided into three branches:
executive, legislative, judiciary.
• The government passed a law which gives power to the
local government in line with the decentralization policy.
• The presidents during the Third Republic were Manuel A.
Roxas, Elpidio Quirino, Ramon Magsaysay, Carlos P.
Garcia, Diosdado Macapagal and Ferdinand Marcos.

2. Other Notes:
• July 4, 1946: the United States Congress signed a resolution
granting the Independence of the Philippines
• VP Elpidio Quirino organized elections for local and national
government under the provisions of 1935 Constitution.
• The 1935 Consti mandated the establishment of the Republican
Government which had 3 branches: Executive, Legislative and
Judiciary.
• The officials of the branches except from the Judiciary were
elected by the people.

3. The Executive Branch
• Headed by the President with with 4 years of term and could be
reelected
• The President controlled civil administration through three levels:
Executive Office, Office of the President, Executive Departments
Powers
• The President is the Commander-in-Chief of the AFP
• Appointments of the officers in the Executive branch
• Administration of Local Governments
• Implementation of Law
• The Veto Power
• The power to declare Martial Law
• Implementation of social welfare programs

4. The Legislative Branch
• Bicameral (Upper House and Lower House)
• Senate (24 members), HoR (120 members)
• 4 years term of office with reelection / 8 of 24 members of the Senate
were elected every two years
Powers
• The legislation of laws
• The HoR had the power to initiate money bills
• The Senate had the power to ratify treaties
• Commission of Appointments (prepared the list of officials that the
President may appoint)
• Chairmen of Appropriation and Revenue

5. The Judicial Branch
• Department of Justice which supervised the lower courts and the
Supreme Court
• The SC was composed of 11 justices appointed by the President who
would assume office until the age of 70.
Powers
• The analysis if the law is constitutional or unconstitutional
• The implementation of justice
• The power to declare if the Treaty or Law is constitutional by the vote of
the two-thirds of its member.

6. Other Notes:
On Local Government
• The President appointed the administrators in the
municipalities i.e SDS, Municipal Engineers
• Local officials were elected by the people and then the elected
officials would elect the provincial board
• Local officials had the power to appropriate budget
• Barrio Charter (Ramon Magsaysay) election of the officals in the
barrio
• Decentralization Act (allowed the local governments to get
funds directly from the national government and not to depend
on the Pork Barrel of the Congress)

7. Other Notes:
• Cacique System (Elites in the government)
• Pork Barrel being used for future position in the government

8. The Third Republic
I. Enumeration. Enumerate the different powers of the three branches of government during
the Third Republic
A. Executive Branch
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________
B. Legislative Branch
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________
C. Judicial Branch
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________

9. The Third Republic
I. Identify the President who implemented the following programs. Write your
answer in the space before each number. No erasures.
__________________1. The granting of Parity Rights
__________________2. The creation of Central Bank to stabilize the currency in June 15, 1949
__________________3. The opening of Malacanang for the ordinary Filipino citizens.
__________________4. The introduction of the new method of farming like the Masagana System which aims to increase
the rice production.
__________________5. The Filipino First Policy which aimed to strengthen the role of local producers in the Philippine
market by encouraging the Filipino to buy the locally made products.
__________________6. The austerity program which aimed to cut-off the expenditure of the government.
__________________7. The establishment of Philippine Veterans Bank and Asian Development Bank in Manila that will help
the business community in terms of capital.
__________________8. The construction of the tenement houses to solve the problem in housing of the people in Manila.
__________________9. The use of miracle rice or IR-18 under the International Rice Research Institute to increase the
production of rice.
__________________10. The changing of the day of the declaration of Independence Day from July 4 to June 12.