This document discusses word order and sentence patterns in English. It explains that the basic word order in English is subject-verb-object (SVO) and describes the subject, verb, and object. It also discusses indirect objects and how the word order changes when an indirect object is included. Specifically, it can be subject-verb-direct object-indirect object (SVOI) or subject-verb-indirect object-direct object (SVIO) depending on whether a preposition is used. Finally, it covers situations where the typical subject-verb order is inverted, such as with gerund phrases or sentences beginning with "it".

1. MODULE 2 :
THE SENTENCE
S E C T I O N 1 : W O R D O R D E R A N D S E N T E N C E PAT T E R N

2. • Word order – The way words are arranged in a sentence
• Basic word order- Subject + Predicate .
• Subject – the doer of the action or about whom or what the sentence is- typically a noun or
pronoun denoting person, place or thing.
• Predicate - something about the subject – always includes the verb
• Verb – the action or state of being
• Object – the word or group of words influenced by the verb
• Direct Object- “ what” or “whom” the verb is doing.

3. • Most English sentences or clauses- SVO pattern
• Eg;
• He bought a car (S-V-O)
• She doesn’t like cats –(S- V- O)

4. WORD ORDER : INDIRECT
OBJECT
• Direct object : asks “what”
• Indirect object (I) : asks “ to whom/what” or “ for whom/what”
• The indirect object usually comes right before the direct object (O) , except when used with
preposition ‘to’.
• When an indirect object (I) is added to the sentence , the word order depends
• A) on whether the direct and indirect objects are nouns or pronouns
• B) on whether the indirect object is preceded by ‘to’

5. • SVOI : Subject – Verb- direct object – Indirect object
• Indirect object comes after the indirect object - when it is used with the preposition
‘to’
• Here indirect object is called the object of preposition.
• Examples :
• He gave the car to his friends – S- V- O- I
• He gave it to them – S-V-O-I
• He gave it to his friends - S –V-O-I

6. • SVIO – The indirect object (I) comes before the direct object when ‘to’ is not used.
• Examples: He (S) gave (V) his friends (IO) the car (O)
• His mother baked him a cake .
• She told them a story.

7. INVERTED WORD ORDER ( VERB-
SUBJECT)
• Inverted word order i.e, (verb-subject )occurs in the following conditions
• 1. In a sentence that begins with a clause beginning with a gerund or –ing form
,Gerund+ object followed by main clause.
• Eg: Finishing (V (ger)) the work (O) , the workers (S) went(V) home (O).
• Seeing (V) the parents(O), the child (S) became (V) happy (C).
• 2. Sentences beginning with ‘it’: - It+ verb+ subject
• Eg: It was (V) an easy question (S).
• 3.