The document discusses the seeds of discontent with New Zealand's administration of Western Samoa in the early 20th century. Many officials were unfamiliar with Samoan culture and held racist beliefs that Europeans were superior. They governed the territory in a paternalistic manner and did not consult Samoans on decisions like banning alcohol. This led to clashes with traditional Samoan conservatism under administrators like Colonel Tate and Major General Richardson between 1920-1928 as they tried to "modernize" and "civilize" Samoa against the people's wishes. Samoans opposed interference with their traditional authority and this repression contributed to the rise of the Mau movement resisting foreign control.

1. 14
THE SAMOAN
MAU MOVEMENT
SEEDS OF DISCONTENT:
NEW ZEALAND ADMINISTRATION

2. SEEDS OF DISCONTENT
•New Zealand’s administration of Western Samoa (German Samoa)
created resentment among Samoans.
•Many of the government officials were not familiar with the cultural
expectations of the Samoan people.
•Many were racists and believed that Europeans were superior to
Pacific Islanders.
•They didn’t learn the Samoan language.
•They were unresponsive to Samoans concerns and issues.

4. NEW ZEALAND ADMINISTRATION
•Like all the colonial powers in the world, the New Zealand administration
developed a paternalistic policy towards Samoa.
Paternalistic = looking to someone in a superior way, from a father to a son.
•The general attitude of the administrators was that they knew what was best
for the Samoans.
•Officials believed that the Samoans needed to be controlled, civilised and
educated.

5. WHAT WAS THE SITUATION IN SAMOA?
•The irony is that by 1920 Samoa had a huge rate of literacy: 99% of
Samoans could read and write.
•This was due to the missionaries work and their influence.
•In 1920, the cabinet imposed a ban of alcohol and arms, without consulting
Samoans.
•As a result, the consumption of home-made alcohol (fa’amafu), was increased.

6. NEW ADMINISTRATORS
•His name was Colonel Robert Tate.
•He arrived in Samoa in 1920 and served until 1923.
•Most of the administrators stayed for a three years term.
•After colonel Tate, a major general arrived in Samoa to take over.
•George Richardson was the administrator between 1923-1928.
•He had similar views, thinking bad about the Samoan people.
Eg: he believed that the Samoans are still in the Stone Age.

7. RICHARDSON’S ACHIEVEMENTS
•George Richardson was the most eager of the early New Zealand administrators in
his attempts to “civilise” and “modernise” Samoa.
•He embarked in an ambitious development programme.
•He was initially liked by Samoans because he tried to learn the language and
listened to the concerns of the locals. He wanted to transform the Samoan
agricultural by privatization. He wanted to modernise the villages and to use the
land better. Richardson also planned to develop education, medical services and
sanitation.

8. CULTURAL CONSERVATISM
•His attempts to modernise everything around were met with discontent, clashing
with the traditional conservatism of Samoan people.

9. NEW ZEALAND ADMINISTRATORS OF SAMOA 1914-1962
1. Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Logan (1914-1919)
2. Colonel Robert Tate (1920-1923)
3. Major-General George Richardson (1923-1928)
4. Colonel Stephen Shepard Allen (1928-1931)
5. Brigadier-General Herbert Hart (1931-1935)
6. Alfred Turnbull (1935-1946)
7. Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Voelcker (1946-1949)
8. Guy Powles (1949-1962)

10. KILIKITI
Kilikiti (kirikiti) is the national port of Samoa and it was introduced in the 19th
century by missionaries and sailors.
The bats are made from the wood of the breadfruit or the hibiscus tree.
The ball is made from latex fibre, from the pulu vao tree.
The game starts with a prayer, a cultural aspect of this game.

11. OPPOSITION TO NZ AUTHORITY
Samoans opposed vigorously the interference of the New Zealand administration
with their traditional authority and chiefly rights.
In 1922, administrator Tate introduced a very controversial act, which caused lots
of unhappiness and resentments in the midst of Samoans.
It was called Samoan Offenders Ordinance and it provided a way to ban the matai
(chiefs) and remove their titles. This order provoked lots of disruption to peace and
order. If a matai was banished, his entire aiga (family) was also exiled.

12. EXAMPLE: BANISHMENT OF AFAMASAGA TOLEAFOA
The chief Afamasaga Toleafoa Lagolago was stripped by his title in 1923, by
Richardson. He breached the prohibition and he ordered the import of a famous
liquor called All-in-One, from American Samoa.
This form of banishment was known as “ati ma le lau” which means “to pull out the
roots and leaves”.