the rules of phonology

1. Feature addition rules
Briukhovetskaya Oksana
Prohorova Valeriya

2. A phonological rule is a formal way of expressing a systematic phonological or
morphophonological process or diachronic sound change in language.
Phonological rules are commonly used in general phonology as a notation to
capture sound-related operations and computations the human brain performs
when producing or comprehending spoken language.

3. Allophonic rules:
• the aspiration of word-initial /k/ in
coats
• rounding of the word-initial /r/ of
rules.
Morphemic rule:
• voicing of the /z/ of the plural suffix is
replaced by voiclessness, giving /s/, in
words like /kots/ coats and /soks/
socks.
• English past tense is another example
of this type of rule.

4. FEATURE ADDITION
RULES
Some phonological rules are
neither assimilation nor
dissimilation rules. And aspiration
rule is one of them.
Aspiration is the strong burst of breath that
accompanies either the release or, in the case of
preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents.

5. pin ([pʰɪn])
bin ([bɪn])

6. /p/ /b/
• Consonantal + +
• Labial + +
• Continuant - -
• Voiced - +

7. Pen [pen] [phen]
Ten [ten] [then]
Ken [ken] [khen]

8. Voiceless stops become aspirated when they occur syllable initially before stressed
vowels.
Till [tʰɪl] Stil [stɪl]
Kill [kʰɪl] Skill [skɪl]

9. • Pray [pʰɹ̥ e]
• Please [pʰl̥iz]
• Queen [kʰw̥in]
• Pure [pʰj̥ɹ̩]
• Tree [ʈʰɹ̥ i]
The period of voiceless after the plosive’s release will coincide with the approximant
and make it voiceless.

10. • Features addition rules : aspirated and unaspirated sounds in English.
Aspirated occur after letter aspiration meet vowel.
Unaspirated occur after letter aspiration obstruction consonant.
English, voiceless stops at the beginning of a stressed syllable (but not after /s/) are
aspirated.

11. SOURCES
• Шевченко, Т. И. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка : учебное пособие для
академического бакалавриата / Т. И. Шевченко. — 3-е изд. — Москва : Издательство
Юрайт, 2017.
• A Theoretical Course of English Phonetics: Учебник на английском языке. — 3-е изд.,
испр. и доп. — М.: Менеджер, 2011.
• https://restymulyadi.wordpress.com/2011/12/30/features-addition-rules/
• http://be-teacher.blogspot.com/2014/04/feature-addition-rules.html?m=1
• https://biblio-online.ru/book/teoreticheskaya-fonetika-angliyskogo-yazyka-402006