Indian Regulatory Requirements: Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO). The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) under Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India is the National Regulatory Authority (NRA) of India. The Drugs & Cosmetics Act,1940 and rules 1945 have entrusted various responsibilities to central & state regulators for regulation of drugs & cosmetics. Vision:
To Protect and Promote public health in India.
Mission:
To safeguard and enhance the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy and quality of drugs, cosmetics and medical devices. Functions of CDSCO
Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product (COPP): The certificate of pharmaceutical product (abbreviated: CPP) is a certificate issued in the format recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
COPP establishes the status of the pharmaceutical product and of the applicant for this certificate in the exporting country.
It is often mentioned in conjunction with the electronic Common Technical Document (eCTD). The Certificate of a Pharmaceutical Product is needed by the importing country when the product in question is intended for registration (licensing, authorization) or renewal (prolongation) of registration, with the scope of commercialization or distribution in that country. The Certificate of a Pharmaceutical Product is needed by the importing country when the product in question is intended for registration (licensing, authorization) or renewal (prolongation) of registration, with the scope of commercialization or distribution in that country.
COPP Importance: It is needed by the importing country when the product in question is infected for Registration (Licensing and Authorization) or renewal of registration.
With the scope of commercialization or distribution in that country.
Certification has been recommended by WHO to help undersized drug regulatory authorities or drug regulatory authorities without proper quality assurance facilities in importing countries to assess the quality of pharmaceutical products as a prerequisite of registration or importation. General Requirements for Submission of Application for Issue of COPP. Documents Required for Applying for Grating or
Revalidation of COPPS:
Application from the manufacturer.
Site master file (as specified under WHO TRS 823).
Cost of manufacturing license.
List of approved products.
List of products applied for issuance of COPPS.
List of SOPs and STPs.
Stability data (3 batches) accelerated/Real-time.
List of equipments and instruments.
List of technical staff, their qualification, and experience, and approval status.
Manufacturing layout plan.
Process validation for 3 batches of each product.
Schematic diagram of water system specifying circulation loop and MOC (Material of construction).
Schematic diagram of HVAC system specifying terminal filter configuration. Export data of the last 2 years in case of revalidation.
Flow chart
Regulatory Affairs (RA), also called Government Affairs, is a profession within regulated industries, such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices, energy and banking.
Regulatory Affairs (RA), also called Government Affairs, is a profession within regulated industries, such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices, energy and banking.
History of regulatory affair. Various Regulatory Authority. Role of Regulatory Affairs Department.
Pre-clinical or Non- clinical phase of drug development . Investigational New Drug Application (IND) Importance of IND. Investigator’s Brochure (IB). The Investigator’s Brochure (IB) is a compilation of the clinical and nonclinical data on the investigational product(s) that are relevant to the study of the product(s) in human subjects. A complete and thorough investigator’s brochure should include the following: Title Page
I. A] Confidentiality Statement
II. Contents of the Investigator’s Brochure
II. A] Table of Contents
II. B] Summary
II. C] Introduction
II. D] Physical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Properties and
Formulation
II. E] Nonclinical Studies
II. F] Effects in Humans
II. G] Summary of Data and Guidance for the Investigator. Contents of the Investigator’s Brochure: II. A] Table of Contents
II. B] Summary:
Not longer than 2 pages.
Highlighting significant physical, chemical, pharmaceutical, pharmacological, toxicological, pharmacokinetic, metabolic and clinical information available that is relevant to the state of clinical development of the investigational product. II. D] Physical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Properties
and Formulation:
A description of the investigational product substances including the chemical and or structural formulae and the brief summary of the relevant physical, chemical and pharmaceutical properties.
For safety measures, a description of the formulations to be used including excipients (a substance formulated with the active ingredient of a medication) should be provided and justified if clinically relevant.
Instructions for the storage and handling of the dosage should be provided.
Structural similarities to other known compounds should be mentioned. Pharmacokinetics and Product Metabolism in Humans
A summary of information on the pharmacokinetics of the investigational product(s) should be presented, including the following, if available:
Pharmacokinetics (including metabolism, as appropriate, and absorption, plasma protein binding, distribution and elimination).
Bioavailability of the investigational product (absolute, where possible, and/or relative) using a reference dosage form.
Population subgroups (e.g. gender, age, and impaired organ function).
Interactions (e.g. product-product interactions and effects of food).
Other pharmacokinetic data (e.g. results of population studies performed within clinical trial(s). . Marketing Experience
The Investigator’s Brochure should identify countries where the investigational product has been approved.
Indian Regulatory Requirements: Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO). The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) under Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India is the National Regulatory Authority (NRA) of India. The Drugs & Cosmetics Act,1940 and rules 1945 have entrusted various responsibilities to central & state regulators for regulation of drugs & cosmetics. Vision:
To Protect and Promote public health in India.
Mission:
To safeguard and enhance the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy and quality of drugs, cosmetics and medical devices. Functions of CDSCO
Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product (COPP): The certificate of pharmaceutical product (abbreviated: CPP) is a certificate issued in the format recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
COPP establishes the status of the pharmaceutical product and of the applicant for this certificate in the exporting country.
It is often mentioned in conjunction with the electronic Common Technical Document (eCTD). The Certificate of a Pharmaceutical Product is needed by the importing country when the product in question is intended for registration (licensing, authorization) or renewal (prolongation) of registration, with the scope of commercialization or distribution in that country. The Certificate of a Pharmaceutical Product is needed by the importing country when the product in question is intended for registration (licensing, authorization) or renewal (prolongation) of registration, with the scope of commercialization or distribution in that country.
COPP Importance: It is needed by the importing country when the product in question is infected for Registration (Licensing and Authorization) or renewal of registration.
With the scope of commercialization or distribution in that country.
Certification has been recommended by WHO to help undersized drug regulatory authorities or drug regulatory authorities without proper quality assurance facilities in importing countries to assess the quality of pharmaceutical products as a prerequisite of registration or importation. General Requirements for Submission of Application for Issue of COPP. Documents Required for Applying for Grating or
Revalidation of COPPS:
Application from the manufacturer.
Site master file (as specified under WHO TRS 823).
Cost of manufacturing license.
List of approved products.
List of products applied for issuance of COPPS.
List of SOPs and STPs.
Stability data (3 batches) accelerated/Real-time.
List of equipments and instruments.
List of technical staff, their qualification, and experience, and approval status.
Manufacturing layout plan.
Process validation for 3 batches of each product.
Schematic diagram of water system specifying circulation loop and MOC (Material of construction).
Schematic diagram of HVAC system specifying terminal filter configuration. Export data of the last 2 years in case of revalidation.
Flow chart
Regulatory Affairs (RA), also called Government Affairs, is a profession within regulated industries, such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices, energy and banking.
Regulatory Affairs (RA), also called Government Affairs, is a profession within regulated industries, such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices, energy and banking.
History of regulatory affair. Various Regulatory Authority. Role of Regulatory Affairs Department.
Pre-clinical or Non- clinical phase of drug development . Investigational New Drug Application (IND) Importance of IND. Investigator’s Brochure (IB). The Investigator’s Brochure (IB) is a compilation of the clinical and nonclinical data on the investigational product(s) that are relevant to the study of the product(s) in human subjects. A complete and thorough investigator’s brochure should include the following: Title Page
I. A] Confidentiality Statement
II. Contents of the Investigator’s Brochure
II. A] Table of Contents
II. B] Summary
II. C] Introduction
II. D] Physical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Properties and
Formulation
II. E] Nonclinical Studies
II. F] Effects in Humans
II. G] Summary of Data and Guidance for the Investigator. Contents of the Investigator’s Brochure: II. A] Table of Contents
II. B] Summary:
Not longer than 2 pages.
Highlighting significant physical, chemical, pharmaceutical, pharmacological, toxicological, pharmacokinetic, metabolic and clinical information available that is relevant to the state of clinical development of the investigational product. II. D] Physical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Properties
and Formulation:
A description of the investigational product substances including the chemical and or structural formulae and the brief summary of the relevant physical, chemical and pharmaceutical properties.
For safety measures, a description of the formulations to be used including excipients (a substance formulated with the active ingredient of a medication) should be provided and justified if clinically relevant.
Instructions for the storage and handling of the dosage should be provided.
Structural similarities to other known compounds should be mentioned. Pharmacokinetics and Product Metabolism in Humans
A summary of information on the pharmacokinetics of the investigational product(s) should be presented, including the following, if available:
Pharmacokinetics (including metabolism, as appropriate, and absorption, plasma protein binding, distribution and elimination).
Bioavailability of the investigational product (absolute, where possible, and/or relative) using a reference dosage form.
Population subgroups (e.g. gender, age, and impaired organ function).
Interactions (e.g. product-product interactions and effects of food).
Other pharmacokinetic data (e.g. results of population studies performed within clinical trial(s). . Marketing Experience
The Investigator’s Brochure should identify countries where the investigational product has been approved.
Ideas for pharmacy students on final year project : Possible Research FieldsTareq ✅
A lot of pharmacy students start to worry about what they should do for a Final Year Project (fyp). The aim of the presentation is to provide the basic ideas about FYP based on different courses of pharmacy discipline.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4MapX6DM4I
Unit-III, Chapter 1. Registration of Indian Products in Overseas Market.Audumbar Mali
Unit-III, Chapter 1. Registration of Indian Products in Overseas Market.
B. Pharm. Final Year, Sem-VIII, BP804 ET: PHARMACEUTICAL REGULATORY SCIENCE (Theory),
As PCI Syllabus.
An innovator or branded drug is the first drugs created containing its specific active ingredient to receive approval for use.
A generic drug is made of the same active ingredient as its innovator drug.
International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs; 2014, 2(1), 1- 11
Abstract:
Developing a new drug requires great amount of research work in chemistry, manufacturing, controls, preclinical science and clinical trials. Drug reviewers in regulatory agencies around the world bear the responsibility of evaluating whether the research data support the safety, effectiveness and quality control of a new drug product to serve the public health. Every country has its own regulatory authority, which is responsible to enforce the rules and regulations and issue the guidelines to regulate the marketing of the drugs. This article focuses on drug approval process in different countries like USA, Europe and India.
Pharmacovigilance training is essential for pharmaceutical and healthcare organizations to ensure your operations comply with the latest US, EU and ICH drug safety laws and standards. At SJ Pharma Consulting, we provide industry-leading pharmacovigilance training courses both online and in-person that cover the essentials of drug safety, the regulatory requirements of pharmacovigilance, signal detection, and pharmacovigilance audits.
Pharmacist in the world? Definition? Student today, pharmacist tomorrow?Benjamin Bugnon
Do you want to become a pharmacist who is a tool or a provider of health solutions?
From a student point of view. Short presentation about Switzerland and Australia, as part of a panel of international collaborator in a lecture of the University of Sydney about pharmacy in the world. Thaïland, Ethiopia, Jordan, Canada.
Ideas for pharmacy students on final year project : Possible Research FieldsTareq ✅
A lot of pharmacy students start to worry about what they should do for a Final Year Project (fyp). The aim of the presentation is to provide the basic ideas about FYP based on different courses of pharmacy discipline.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4MapX6DM4I
Unit-III, Chapter 1. Registration of Indian Products in Overseas Market.Audumbar Mali
Unit-III, Chapter 1. Registration of Indian Products in Overseas Market.
B. Pharm. Final Year, Sem-VIII, BP804 ET: PHARMACEUTICAL REGULATORY SCIENCE (Theory),
As PCI Syllabus.
An innovator or branded drug is the first drugs created containing its specific active ingredient to receive approval for use.
A generic drug is made of the same active ingredient as its innovator drug.
International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs; 2014, 2(1), 1- 11
Abstract:
Developing a new drug requires great amount of research work in chemistry, manufacturing, controls, preclinical science and clinical trials. Drug reviewers in regulatory agencies around the world bear the responsibility of evaluating whether the research data support the safety, effectiveness and quality control of a new drug product to serve the public health. Every country has its own regulatory authority, which is responsible to enforce the rules and regulations and issue the guidelines to regulate the marketing of the drugs. This article focuses on drug approval process in different countries like USA, Europe and India.
Pharmacovigilance training is essential for pharmaceutical and healthcare organizations to ensure your operations comply with the latest US, EU and ICH drug safety laws and standards. At SJ Pharma Consulting, we provide industry-leading pharmacovigilance training courses both online and in-person that cover the essentials of drug safety, the regulatory requirements of pharmacovigilance, signal detection, and pharmacovigilance audits.
Pharmacist in the world? Definition? Student today, pharmacist tomorrow?Benjamin Bugnon
Do you want to become a pharmacist who is a tool or a provider of health solutions?
From a student point of view. Short presentation about Switzerland and Australia, as part of a panel of international collaborator in a lecture of the University of Sydney about pharmacy in the world. Thaïland, Ethiopia, Jordan, Canada.
Gender issues-16 December 2012- Nirbhaya
criminals should be punished, but even if they are not punished , we women should not keep our voices low , we should rather shout back and never be quiet ...we should not keep our mouths shut and wait for the judgement rather RAISE OUR VOICES AS HIGH AS POSSIBLE...
Women’s History Month, which is held during March in the US, celebrates and honors the contributions of women, just as Black History Month highlights the often-forgotten accomplishments of black people. Here are some examples of historic female doctors most people have not heard of.
The History of The AVMA - The 150th Anniversary of the AVMA Dr. Fred J. Born
This PowerPoint presentation is the official document of 150th
Anniversary of the AVMA. Featuring the AVMA Exhibit, which was built by GES - Commercial Design & Trade Show Exhibit Company, Chicago, IL.
Celebrating independently minded women in americaTimeless Pearl
From early on, women fought for their rights – whether it was to own land, to give girls the opportunity for a good education, or for equal rights in the workplace. Here are some women who stand out in history
See More: https://www.timelesspearl.com/
Similar to The role of women in the history of Pharmacy (20)
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
1. The role of women in the
history of pharmacy
Made by group 5
2. The modern gender symbols
The two standard gender symbols denoting male ♂ and
female ♀ are derived from astrological symbols,
denoting the classical planets Mars and Venus,
respectively.
These symbols have been in use since the renaissance.
3. The original ancient female symbol
The pagan female symbol is called The Chalice.
It resembles a cup or a vessel, but more importantly, it
resembles the shape of a woman’s womb.
That’s why the ancients believed the female was sacred
and holy, because she was able to create something
from nothing, she was able to create life.
4. The Sacred Feminine
Thus, the woman was regarded sacred in all ancient
civilization, and was worshipped as a Goddess.
For example, Ishtar in Babylon, Isis in Egypt and Venus in
Greece.
The woman was regarded as holy until the medieval
age.
5. The dark ages
In the medieval age, the church took control and
wanted to give God a masculine image, and thus
worked on demonizing all what’s female.
They claimed woman was the reason behind mankind’s
misery because Eve ate the apple in Heaven, and thus
called women the root of evil.
They regarded the pentagram the symbol of scared
feminine in Pagan culture as the symbol of Satan.
6. Malleus Malifcarum
Known in English as The Hammer of the witches, is a
book released by the church, known is the bloodiest
book in history.
This book regarded all women who read or researched
as witches and described ways to kill and torture them.
7. The Renaissance Age
Starting from the renaissance age, the woman began to
make impact in all life aspects.
Whenever the society was developed, women were
respected (Ancinet civilizations, modern Europe).
Whenever society was backward, women were
disrespected (Meideval Europe, Modern Middle East,
and almost any religious country).
Today we will take about a part of what women
contributed to us, in the field of Pharmacy.
9. (1)Jean Kennedy Irvine
Jean Kennedy was born in Hawick in 1877.
Her first post was as assistant pharmacist to the Glasgow
Apothecaries Company. She subsequently became
chief pharmacist.
In 1916, she was appointed superintendent of the Joint
Committee for Pricing Prescriptions, South-Eastern
Division, and remained there for more than 30 years .
10. (1)Jean Kennedy Irvine
She was the first woman president of the staff side of the
Whitley Council for the National Insurance
administrative, technical and clerical services.
She was also the first woman elected to the presidency
of the Insurance Committee Officers Association for
England and Wales.
11. (1)Jean Kennedy Irvine
She was elected to the Society's council in 1937, only the
third woman to have achieved this. She became its first
woman President in 1947. She retired in 1952.
Mrs Irvine was also President of NAWP, She died in 1962,
aged 85.
13. (2)Gloria Niemeyer Francke
Dr.Gloria Niemeyer Frankce was born on 28th of April
1922.
A native of Dillsboro, Indiana, Gloria Niemeyer earned
her B.S. degree in Pharmacy from Purdue University in
1942 and her Pharm.D in 1971 from the University of
Cincinnati.
She then served as a drug literature specialist at the
National Library of Medicine (1965–1967.
14. (2)Gloria Niemeyer Francke
She then served as a clinical pharmacy teaching
coordinator for the Veterans Administration Hospital in
Cincinnati (1967–1971).
She then Served as secretary of the American Institute of
the History of Pharmacy (1968–1978).
She also served and as Chief of the program evaluation
branch in the Alcohol and Drug Dependence Service,
Veterans Administration (1971–1975).
15. (2)Gloria Niemeyer Francke
She served as a member of the APhA Foundation
Advisory Committee. The society's Gloria Niemeyer
Francke Leadership Mentor Award is named for her.
She died on the 3rd of August 2008.
16. (3)Elizabeth Marshall
She was born in 1786.
The second U.S. woman to be a pharmacist ,Elizabeth
Marshall began her pharmacy career as an apprentice
in a drugstore founded by her grandfather
17. (3)Elizabeth Marshall
In 1805 she took over the drugstore and restored the
struggling business into a successful pharmaceutical
laboratory, becoming the first woman in Philadelphia to
have a successful commercial career.
In fact, several of Philadelphia’s most famous
pharmacists began their careers working as apprentices
under her guidance and leadership.
She died in 1836.
19. (4)Mary Munson Runge
Mary Munson Runge was born on 1928.
She graduated from Xavier university of Louisiana in
1948.
She practiced pharmacy for 21 years and retired in 1994.
20. (4)Mary Munson Runge
She was the first woman and African American to serve
as the president of the American pharmacist Association
(APhA) in 1979.
A few of her many acheivements include recipient of
The Hugo H. Schaefer Award, honorary doctor of
science degree and honorary Doctor of Pharmacy
degree.
she passed away on 8 Jan, 2014.
22. (5)Katherine Kay Keating
Katherine Kay Keating was born on 8 Feb, 1922.
After the world war II, she returned to collage to earn her
pharmacy degree.
She enlisted in the Navy in 1942 and was among the first
women inducted into the WAVES.
23. (5)Katherine Kay Keating
Keating transferred to the Navy’s Medical Service Corps
to become the Navy’s first woman pharmacist and was
assigned to head up the Navy’s pharmacist technicians’
school.
She served during three wars, becoming the first woman
to rise from the rank of seaman to captain.
24. (6)Elizabeth Gooking Greenleaf
She was born in 1681.
She was recognized as the first female pharmacist in
America.
Elizabeth Greenleaf is listed among the 32 apothecaries
in New England during the late 1600s and early 1700s.
25. (6)Elizabeth Gooking Greenleaf
She owned an apothecary shop in Boston in 1727.
She was the wife of Daniel Greenleaf, a minister,
physician and an apothecary.
She dies in 1762.
26. (7)Nellie Wakeman
She was born in 1883.
In 1913, Nellie Wakeman received a Ph.D. in
pharmaceutical chemistry from the University of
Wisconsin, thus becoming the first woman to receive a
Ph.D. in a pharmacy discipline.
27. (7)Nellie Wakeman
She continued at the university as a faculty member
from 1913 until her retirement in 1946.
She was an activist who encouraged women to pursue
graduate education.
She died in 1952.
28. (8)Edna Capurra Gleason
She was born in 1886.
Edna Gleason was the first female pharmacist elected
president of the California Pharmaceutical Association.
She was active in the National Association of Retail
Druggists.
29. (8)Edna Capurra Gleason
She became a leader, both in California and nationally,
in the fight for fair trade pricing.
As the owner of a community pharmacy, she promoted
patient-oriented practice.
She died in 1963.
31. (9)Zada Mary Cooper
She was born on the 31st of January in 1875.
Zada Mary Cooper was the daughter of James and
Janetta Cooper. She graduated from the State
University of Iowa in 1897.
After graduation she became a Professor of Pharmacy
at the State University, serving a total of 45 years before
her retirement in 1942.
32. (9)Zada Mary Cooper
During her time at the university, she organized and
developed the first departmental library in the college of
pharmacy.
She also taught pharmaceutical arithmetic and
laboratory courses, was the first editor of the College of
Pharmacy News.
33. (9)Zada Mary Cooper
Also she was the first woman to become president of
Rho Chi (national honorary pharmaceutical society),
and wrote a history of the State University of Iowa
College of Pharmacy in 1947.
After her retirement she made her home in Villisca, Iowa,
with her brother, Dr. J. Clark Cooper.
34. (9)Zada Mary Cooper
Zada was a resident of Villisca when she died at an
Omaha hospital at the age of 86 years.
She died on the 6th of May, in 1961.
36. (10) Ella P.Stewart
She was born in 1893.
Ella P. Stewart may have been the first African American
woman pharmacist to practice with a license.
She was the first African American woman to graduate
from Pittsburgh University’s College of Pharmacy.
37. (10)Ella P.Stewart
Years later, after earning her license and buying a
drugstore in Pittsburgh, she moved with her husband,
who was also a pharmacist, to Toledo, Ohio, where they
opened a pharmacy that would serve as a community
center for African Americans.
38. (10)Ella P.Stewart
Stewart became a civic leader and was a member of
the first group of inductees into the Ohio Women’s Hall
of Fame.
She died in 1987.
39. This presentation was brought to
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