The Role Of Language And Communication In National...

The Role of Language and Communication in National...
THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN NATIONAL TRANSFORMATION
BY
ONUOHA BEATRICE N. (MRS.)
DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL STUDIES
HUSSAINI ADAMU FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC,
KAZAURE, JIGAWA STATE
BEING A PAPER PRESENTED AT WOMEN IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND
EMPLOYMENT (WITED) NATIONAL CONFERENCE
AT
THE FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC ILARO, OGUN STATE
8TH – 11TH OCTOBER, 2012
ABSTRACT
The relationship between language and communication in the business of information encoding and
dissemination cannot be over looked. Despite the fact that the two concepts are different in meaning,
the roles they play are complementary in many ways. Language is a process by which information
can be carried out from one party to another, while communication refers to the chain ... Show more
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Bolinger (1975:14), views language as: "a system of vocal–auditory communication interacting with
the experiences of its users, employing conventional signs composed of arbitrarily patterned sound
units and assembled according to set rules". In another development, Essien (1998:2) sees language
as: A system of structured arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which human beings make meaning
and communicate with each other in a given community.... These definitions recognize the
communicative role of language which is specifically used by human beings for the purpose of
interaction. By implication, language is in essence a perfect means of expression among every
known people. It is important to note that language determines the world–view of a people. It is the
connection between language and communication in information delivery for national
transformation that is the fulcrum of this discourse. In as much as human beings use language,
communication remains its primary target.
2.1: FUNCTIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LANGUAGE

These can be seen as some special qualities and role that are common to a typical human language.
Human language is used in a number of functions and topmost among which is communication. In
the same vein, language is known with the following properties:
LANGUAGE IS A LIVING PHENOMENON: This is attributed to a
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America 's National Language Should Be English
America is predominantly known for its music, food, diversity and its ongoing various languages.
Nearly eighty percent of America speaks English (Kasperowicz). The other twenty percent of the
population who do not speak English are mostly made up of immigrants. Because the United States
has an incredibly large amount of diverse languages, it unfortunately does not have a national
language. America's national language should be English. When immigrants and travelers come into
this country, they are aware that they will see and hear the English language, as it is unavoidable. In
my experience, I have concluded that it would be much simpler to have an official, nationally
common language that will be more recognized and simpler to accept. It isn't always accepted
because of the never–ending debates about its value in our multicultural society. The debates in our
society often argue that we have at least 322 different languages, and they aren't always easily
translatable by the government. (US English).
The value that the English language has had on this country is significant in infinite ways. This
particular language defines our country as a whole. It unifies the people. America's fifty unique
states have a common value with this common language, and therefore, it will lastingly tie us all
together. Language could be described as to "represent the national identity of a nation or country"
and that it is enhanced as a "language–in–common or community language" (Brann).
Our

The Symbols Of Louis In 'The Versace Incident'
Throughout our movie The Versace Incident, the character Robespierre maintains the same, pensive
and collected attitude that the historical figure was known for. The first scene of the movie shows
Robespierre, along with other members of the Third Estate, working in an office setting. As Louis
comes in and steals food from the workers, and Robespierre tries to tell him that it is not his to take.
This is symbolic of the monarchies increase in the price of bread prior to the French Revolution,
which lead to widespread starvation throughout the peasant class. In the scene where louis is
conversing with Robespierre, Danton, and members of the First and Second estates, Robespierre is
the only one who speaks out for the rights of the workers of the company. This is similar to how
Robespierre openly opposed many of the king's policies prior, and instead was in favor of more
radical social reformations. The ending scene of our movie shows Robespierre, Louis, and their
counterparts, discussing their actions, presumably after they have all died. When Robespierre tells
Louis that his fashion was too 1793, he is alluding to the execution of King Louis XVI. This shows
how Robespierre would have continued to believe that Louis brought the downfall of the French
monarchy upon himself, even after his own death. Robespierre and The French Revolution
Maximilien Robespierre, a radical Jacobin, during the time of the French Revolution, used his
eloquent language and admirable physique to

Purpose Of NSA
The purpose of the National Security Association, sometimes referred to as the NSA, is to protect
citizens from terrorist attacks on our country. The NSA has succeeded because they can invade our
civil liberties to get the information they want. A delicate organization like the NSA struggles to find
the difference between using information, and abusing it. The government abuses our civil liberties
by disregarding the fourth amendment–protecting people's privacy. Edward Snowden exposed this.
Snowden was born June 21, 1983, in North Carolina. Later Snowden dropped out of high school,
and then began studying computers at Anne Arundel Community College in Arnold, Maryland.
Snowden got a security job at The University of Maryland's Center for ... Show more content on
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They do as many good things as bad. They stop terrorist attacks on our country. They also watch
American citizens that have done a crime or suspected of about to do a crime, which is for a greater
good. Citizens may say, it is okay for them to bend the law to protect the citizens, they may say that
invading our privacy shouldn't be a problem if we are not doing anything wrong. That is true to a
point. But, the NSA is not just violating foreign invaders. They are also violating American citizens
just as much. When does it stop? It is not okay to take away something from us, as citizens, without
our consent. As an American we have the right to our civil rights. We have the right to privacy and
no matter how high in government that should not be taken away from us. It is okay for the NSA to
do their job, protecting U.S citizens from terrorist attacks, if they did not have to bend the rules to do
it. The NSA has been caught hacking navigation systems many times to find their assignments, the
contact they are looking for. It is not okay to bend or break the laws because it's for the government.
The government is suppose to protect this country. It is not suppose to spy on its on

India 's Regional Language For National, Political, And...
India's population is diverse and ethnically consists of 72 percent Indo–Aryan, 25 percent Dravidian,
three percent other. Additionally the CIA reports that English is the official language for national,
political, and commercial communication while Hinduism is the primary language spoken with an
additional 14 regional dialects commonly used throughout the country. Figure 3 illustrates India as a
relatively young country with the total median age of 27.6 years (26.9 years for men and 28.3 for
women). India's population extends to 32.7 percent urban (68 percent rural) with an average annual
change of 2.38%, providing market opportunity. Urban agglomeration is found in New Delhi,
Mumbai, Bangalore, and Kolkata (formally spelled Calcutta). II. Economic Statistics/Activity 2.3
Channels of Distribution/Infrastructure Unless there is a way to move a product, the chances of it
succeeding is zero. Distribution is one of the key components when factoring in costs of production,
the contribution margin of a product, and the future predictions of the continuation of the production
of said product. There are numerous means by which a product can be shipped. The most common is
by interstate transportation. Rail systems are also a good and sometimes cheaper way to move a
product, but there are limited hubs where the rail systems go. Shipping by sea is the only viable
means of moving product from one continent to the other, but, it has its own inherent risks ranging
from

Should The United States Have English As The National...
Although the founding fathers decided to leave the idea of establishing a national language out of
the Constitution, there have been several movements to establish English as the national language
since then. Even though none of these movements could garnish enough support to make this into a
reality, they have been influential in that English is the official language in 31 states. In recent years,
five additional states have considered legislation that would mandate English as well (Schwarz
2014). Since many individual states have sided on the issue, it poses the question of if the national
government should follow the trend as well. A strong argument can be made that the United States
should make English as the official language because it would promote unity and patriotism among
Americans, be economically beneficial for the nation while rightfully placing the responsibility to
learn English on the non–English speaking immigrants. English should be enforced as the national
language of America as it would promote unity among all citizens. Language can act as a form of
disunity because many non–English speaking immigrants feel isolated in the United States as it is
challenging for them to effectively communicate with others. These citizens struggle to complete
even the simplest task that requires some form of communication ... Show more content on
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Although the Constitution does not legislate that English is the national language of the United
States, "it has always been taken for granted that English is the national language" (King 317). After
all, the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, the national anthem, the Emancipation
Proclamation and many other historically significant American documents all were written in
English. In order for one to truly understand what it means to be an American, they must be able to
read and comprehend these documents in the language that they were originally written

Christian Middle Ages Architecture Analysis
THE proof of the endowment of a true artist is always to be found in the fact that his work of art
expresses the general will of a period. Perhaps that is most clearly shown in architecture.... The
religious mystical world of the Christian Middle Ages, turning inwards upon itself, found forms of
expression which were possible only for that world – for that world alone could they be of service. A
Gothic stadium is as unthinkable as a Romanesque railway station or a Byzantine market hall. The
way in which the artist of the Middle Ages, of the beginnings of the modern world, found the artistic
solution for the buildings which he was commissioned to create is in the highest degree striking and
admirable. That way, however, is no evidence that the conception of the content of life held by the
folk of his day was in itself either absolutely right or absolutely wrong; it is evidence only that
works of art have rightly mirrored the inner mind of a past age. It is therefore quite comprehensible
that insofar as the attempt is made to carry on the life of that past age, those who search for solutions
of artistic problems can still seek and find there ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore we do not trouble in any way to make German art and culture suit the tastes of
international Jewry....
The art of Greece is not merely a formal reproduction of the Greek mode of life, of the landscapes
and inhabitants of Greece; no, it is a proclamation of the Greek body and of the essential Greek
spirit. It does not make propaganda for an individual work, for the subject, or for the artist; it makes
propaganda for the Greek world as such, which confronts us in

President Reagan Signed Into Law A National Security...
On September 17th, 1984 President Reagan signed into law a national security decision directive,
NSDD–145, titled "National Policy on Telecommunications and Automated Information System
Security". Even at that time, the government officials understood that computers were susceptible to
interception, unauthorized electronic access, and related form of technical espionage and
exploitation. It was noted, that hostile agencies were "extensively" hacking into computers, and that
terrorist groups and criminal enterprises had the ability to do the same. The original language in the
directive placed the National Security Agency (NSA) in charge of the security of all computers and
networks, and, for many civil liberations in Congress that went too far. The directive also created a
national Telecommunication and Information Systems Manager "to consider all technical matters"
as well as develop procedures for implementing the policy. The NSA director was to become that
Manager.
Congress had a substantial issue with that because NSA was forbidden from collecting any data on
American citizens, and by charter, its mission was to surveil foreigners. The President's directive
was revised, denying the NSA the National Manager role. It was not until 1987 for Congress to pass
a bill, assigning the National Bureau of Standards (now NIST), under the Department of Commerce,
responsibility for developing standards and guidelines for the security of Federal computer systems,
drawing upon technical

Partnership And Relationships With Children
UYEN'S PHILOSOPHY
I. Partnership and relationships with :
A) Children:
1. I belief children learn best when that feel safe, happy and respected as this helps children to have
a strong sense of identity ( outcome 1– The early years learning Framework for Australia) I will put
into my practice
 Build safety environment and give warm to children
 Develop good relationships with children and their family, I specially need to build trust with
children when the first day I meet them (Erik Erikson).
 I will listen to children' interests which underpin my teaching programme. I will support when the
children need me and follow their ways for developing their skills, and I will respect their culture
and language
2. I believe children learn ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We need to work in partnership with families to ensure learning experience are meaningful and
decision – making is shared (Code of Ethics). I will put into my practice:
 Build trust with family as first time I see them so when I build trust with family that mean I build
trust with children. I will listen and respect their cultural practices and belief such as: food
preferences and clothing choices.
 Create a feeling of welcome in my room: display big map on the world and put the children
picture on their country, Staff in my room would learn "hello" in their languages. Organise some
events: Harmony Day (children can wear their traditional dress), Christmas party (welcome parent
come and participate), Chinese New Year, Lantern – Moon (children can create lantern, Western
children will learn from Asian children) ....
 Ensure learning experiences are meaningful and decision–making is shared
C) Communities:
I belief it is important to connect with people, services and agencies within the communities that
support children and family. (Code of Ethics).
I will put into my practice:
 I

Homeland Security Department and the Importance of...
Homeland security is a state agency that is entrusted with ensuring that the local population within
the USA borders is all safe at all times and this includes adequate preparation for any emergency,
safety of each member of the community during and after an emergency. The jurisdiction of the
Homeland security is quite wide, ranging from border security, aviation safety, emergency response,
cyber security as well as chemical facility safety among many others. There are a wide range of
duties within this department. But the goal is one, that of keeping America safe (U.S Department of
Homeland Security, 2011). This has been and will continue to be one of the core concerns of
America in the next five or so years. Without the safety of the American population during disasters,
then the homeland security shall have failed in executing their duties.
To advance the aspect of homeland security, the department has and will continue to implement
internal measures like Homeland security department through Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) has undertaken to develop a matrix that guides employers at work places
that would significantly reduce their vulnerability to terrorist attacks as well as reduce the effect of
the explosion if any arises hence increasing the internal security of each employee within the
premises (Counter Terrorism, 2011).
The homeland security department has also undertaken to educate people about disasters and how to
manage the aftermaths even

Should English Become The National Language?
Why try to change the United States of America from what it is now? The United States of America
is believed to obtain plenty to offer to the immigrants of many nations. Out of all the countries in the
world, people choose to emigrate to the U.S due to its political and social freedoms. Many people
often refer to this country as the melting pot of the world consisting of a vast amount of diversity.
This country welcomes people with different races and religions, all in the hope of better
opportunities, and a fresh start in life. Congress debates on whether English should become the
national language, however, it is not in the interest of the U.S to pass such a law because it violates
one's freedom of speech, the country would have a decline ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
"Many of these Bosnian young people had been college students in their native country before the
war had shattered their lives" (Gannon 216). For hundreds of years immigrants have been able to
arrive and contribute to the grand nation, as well as learn to live amongst hundreds of different
ethnicities with individual cultures. The Bosnian refugees are a great example as to why people fall
to the U.S as a home. When the refugees moved to the U.S it did not matter whether they were
"Serbs or Croats or Christians or Muslims" because that is what the melting pot does, it accepts
without discrimination (Gannon 216). Culture has a grand significance due to the fact that it touches
almost every aspect of who and what one is. People are not born with culture; it is learned from the
society sharing different languages and

The Importance Of Security In War
The Jaish al–Mahdi understood and exploited U.S. public opinion. This incident demonstrated that
adversaries can achieve success by conducting influence operations. China identifies cyberspace as
a key domain to project power and dominance. Chinese military strategists believe that information
operations are directly linked to success or defeat in war and priority should be given to launching
preemptive attacks. In 2005, China infiltrated numerous secure government systems and
successfully retrieved more than ten terabytes of data. The following year, China attacked a total of
forty–nine U.S. companies and government agencies. A number of those companies were involved
in the production of the F–35 and other classified military weapons. ... Show more content on
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The principles within the strategy can be linked to information as an instrument of national power.
However, existing U.S. strategies have three shortfalls: 1) scope (addressing all dimensions in the
information environment), 2) deterrence (defining acts of war), and 3) whole–of–nation approach.
The first shortfall is that the scope must be broader. U.S. strategies sufficiently address threats to the
physical and informational dimensions within the information environment. However, the U.S. lacks
a strategy that identifies challenges and threats in the cognitive dimension within the information
environment. Adversaries, such as ISIS, are effectively utilizing influence campaigns to advance
their agenda by manipulation of the values, perceptions, and beliefs of the U.S. public and other
target audiences. Information, or misinformation, is a primary means to shape global opinions. The
U.S. continues to yield the initiative in influence operations and function in a reactionary capacity.
Strategic communication messaging to enhance U.S. credibility and legitimacy have been slow and
at times ineffective. The behavior data generated through social media has enabled researchers to
understand groups, globally making it easier to spread and

Regulatory Issues Of The Private Sector
Regulatory Issues
Some breaches goes way beyond the when and how bad the breach is and what agencies will get
involved. The fear is not only about their own customers, clients and shareholders but from agencies
like the SEC, FTC, FCC, CFPB and others alike. All have different agendas, regulations and
standards on how they approach a cyber–breach situation. The major fear for the private sector is
regulatory laws. What if they are not following federal regulatory requirements? This is a risk that
some companies are not willing to take to share information about a threat they may have found.
The agencies feared the most is the FTC and the SEC.
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is a government agency that was initially "established to ... Show
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This failure is what leads to their data security being breached twice more in less than two years.
(Federal Trade Commission)
The FTC is not the only agency that has issued some kind of guidelines for organizations to follow
when it involves data security. The latest data breaches involving retail giants like Target and Neman
Marcus, the Payment Card Industry Council issued security guidelines that are stricter and are meant
for any retailers, banks or credit card companies that process credit card transactions.
Noncompliance of the security guidelines could result in fines. Many agencies have increased their
oversight for security measures that companies are expected to follow and maintain. In 2011 the
Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) released guidance for public traded companies regarding
their obligation to release and disclose incidents of cyberattacks. (Clarke & Olcott)
Securing cyberspace is one of the most important and urgent challenges of our time. In light of the
growing threat and the national security and economic ramifications of successful attacks against
American businesses, it is essential that corporate leaders know their responsibility for managing
and disclosing information security risk. (Rockefeller, Menendez, Whitehouse, Warner, &
Blumenthal)
Cybersecurity issues are not something just for the IT department to decipher and manage. Board of
directors and

National Student Speech-Language Hearing Association Analysis
Currently, I am a member of the National Student Speech–Language Hearing Association
(NSSLHA). NSSLHA is a pre–professional organization that provides opportunities for
undergraduate and graduate students in Communication Sciences programs. The organization is
aimed at promoting awareness of Speech–Language Pathology and Audiology. I recently joined to
engage with peers and gain more knowledge as I learn more about the profession outside of an
academic setting. The organization so far has been a great introduction to advocacy in the field of
Speech–Language Pathology and has provided numerous opportunities for me to practice such an
important aspect of the field. Speech–Language Pathologists are not only charged with preventing,
assessing,

English Should be the National Language Essay
From the time the Pilgrims landed in this great nation at Plymouth Rock, immigrants have been
culturally diverse and have spoken many languages. When the Pilgrims arrived in the New World,
they did not know how to communicate with the natives. Through intense study the natives learned
the Pilgrims' language. Even with the common language they were still a melting pot of different
culture. Some would say that America has gotten over the language/ cultural barriers and now
almost everyone speaks the common language of English, but there are still many immigrants who
do not know English. Bilingual education is put into public schools for this reason, so that
immigrant children can be assimilated to English gradually. The national language ... Show more
Without Bilingual education every immigrant who came into the United States would have a hard
time succeeding.
In order to be successful in America you need to know a bit of English. Immigrants should not be
mandated to learn English, but learning English would help them to succeed. Most Americans want
the immigrants to learn English, but are not willing to help them. If Americans help the immigrants,
not only will they be able to succeed, but their children will also succeed. People are always
complaining when immigrants speak their native tongues. Immigrant children get assimilated
through the school system, but their parents do not have the same opportunity to assimilate. This
leaves the children to be translator for their parents. In order to help immigrants to succeed, the
United States needs to not only assimilate the children, but also help the adults who have a harder
time learning a new language. Through helping the immigrants learn English, Americans are
ensuring that not only will the immigrants prosper, but the United States as well because she will
have workers who are better skilled and are able to understand each other. According to the 2000
Census, fluent English–speaking immigrants earn nearly double that of non–English speaking
workers and have substantially lower unemployment rates. (GCIR) This census shows that if the
immigrants learn English then they can proper. If Americans help the immigrants learn English

Rhetorical Analysis Of Why English Is Not The National...
Introduction Many people have questioned why the United States does not have a national language,
and more specifically, why English is not the national language. Among these people is Dennis
Baron, who publishes his thoughts on this topic very often. One of his essays, considered a proposal,
is titled "Don't Make English Official – Ban It Instead" and discusses a new way of approaching
English as the national language: banning English completely in America. Baron examines other
opinions and their flaws and then establishes contrasting points that are subtly sarcastic. He is
immensely effective in addressing his points and argument through the use of various techniques.
The author conveys his ideas not only through his words, but through ... Show more content on
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Allusion can be described as "a literary device that indirectly refers to a past literary work, historical
circumstance, or other cultural or geographic reference point...[to] help readers make connections
between concepts in a body of work...authors assume that their readers have enough knowledge of a
specific allusion to make the intended connection"(Lundin, 1). His first reference is to "A Modest
Proposal" by Jonathan Swift; Baron uses this to allow his readers to understand that his proposal
will be satirical. Baron alludes to the Garden of Eden twice throughout his proposal; both times are
to make the parallel between temptations in the Bible and the temptations of Americans. Historical
figures that Baron mentioned throughout his work were Roger Sherman, Ross Perot, and William F.
Buckley Jr. whom are all political figures that allow Baron's audience of legislatures to further
understand the context of his proposal. Events in history added by the author include Hastings,
World War I and II, the American Revolution, the Louisiana Purchase, and the Prohibition. Each of
the events he references add context of time period and conflicts that may or already have arisen
from the problems that Baron is addressing. In order for his audience to understand the
circumstances concerning his proposal, Baron used allusion

The National Language For England Essay
England, birthplace of Shakespeare, situated in western side of Europe, is a country which is a part
of United Kingdom, shares its borders with Scotland (to south) and Wales (to west). It comprises
most of southern island of Great Britain. It is separated by Europe by English Channel and North
Sea. The national language for England is English and has a fascinating blend of ethnic groups and
international cultures. It has a land area of 130,279 km2 (50,301 sq mi) with total population of
54,786,300 (2015 estimate). In fact England alone makes up for 80% of population in Europe.
Major cities include London, Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Sheffield out of which London being
largest & the most populous city. Great Britain is the third most populous island in the world. It does
has a wide variety of religion according to 2011 census out of which Christianity is the most widely
practiced of all. Population in england currently holds 65 million (approx in 2014) and considering
the current migration rate (185,000), birth & death rate is projected to increase almost 10 million by
the year 2039 i.e., a 15% increase. Seeing current demographic conditions it will be approx 71
million by 2027. The political system of England consists of parliamentary system & constitutional
monarchy. There has been no government for England since early 1700. Currently it is governed by
parliament of United Kingdom, though other countries still have decentralized government.
HEALTHCARE IN ENGLAND: Healthcare

Research Paper On Why We Shouldn T Have A National Language
The United States Shouldn't Have a National Language The world is divided on if we should have
English as our national language, or if we shouldn't have a national language at all. I believe we
shouldn't have a national language. Most people believe it would be a good idea for everyone to
speak one language and be able to understand each other it's a good thought, but not that easy. A lot
of people don't speak English and it would be threatening the liberty of individuals. There is a
reason we don't have a national language by now. We have many cultures, races, and we have many
languages. A lot of people don't speak English in the US. If you were to add up the amount of people
who don't speak English vs the amount of people that do you can

Cybercrime Has Become One Of The Most Threatening Issues
Cybercrime has become one of the most threatening issues not only for the security of the United
States (U.S.) but for the security of the entire world. The Recent massive attack which targeted
around 300,000 machines in 150 countries proved that the world is not prepared to confront such
threat. This type of asymmetric threat demands a more comprehensive approach since it cannot be
addressed with the conventional assets the U.S. possesses to counter its traditional aggressors.
Cybercrime requires the use of innovative and integrated solutions that the individual effort of U.S.
federal agencies by themselves are incapable of providing if working independently. Hence the
necessity of crafting integral strategies which involve the expertise ... Show more content on
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The U.S. should retain the popular support to its institutions since it is fundamental to expand its
values abroad as well. Equally, it is important to maintain the diverse capabilities to address
numerous challenges with the appropriate budget for its functioning. The role of external points of
view and third–party opinions are nourishing for the process of growing not only as organizations
but also as human beings. In this sense, think tanks and academia are good sources of criticism and
adequate feedback for retaking the north when arrogance and overconfidence blur the horizon of
what is correct, especially when occupying positions of power.
On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the strategic leadership at the highest level of
governance with experts who understand the structure of the national security enterprise while being
capable of synchronizing the roles of the existing organizations and agencies. It is pivotal that roles
and functions within the NSE are clearly defined to avoid multiplicity of efforts. Besides, the
articulation of the private sector, opinion generators, and outside institutions with the government
structure is a must. Similarly, it is crucial to eliminate micromanagement from high–level officials to
subordinate agencies and organizations

Vetting Background Checks
This is the part that makes or breaks your application. Vetting is a fancy term for extensive
background checks done on you by the organisation in order to ensure that in no position would you
be susceptible to blackmail and extortion from third–party forces as you may be a liability to
national security. These checks require both you to provide overt evidence of and carried out
covertly by the agency regarding your family/social background, finances, health, affiliations etc.
The powers with the agency regarding confirmation of these are boundless because they operate at a
central level of the executive. Referees are substantial people in your life who confirm the
information you provide to the intelligence agency. They are interrogated in–depth about your life,
and thus they must be aware of all minute details of your life lest they jeopardise your chances of
landing the job. This is the trickiest step. There is no clear information regarding the R&AW's
recruitment process and neither do they have an official website. However, it is widely believed that
intelligence agents are recruited through the Civil Services and the Armed Forces. Thus, one needs
to clear the UPSC ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being an intelligence agent isn't a 9–to–5 job but it often additionally requires you to have one.
Therefore, you must be capable of working long hours in order to lead a seemingly civilian life in
addition to being an undercover agent. Physical fitness is paramount to this profession too, thus it is
advisable to maintain a very high level of the same. Thirdly, having a clean legal record is very
important in order for the organisation to determine how dependable you are in stressing situations.
Having a clean slate when it comes to substance abuse is also vital. Most importantly, learn a
foreign language – preferably an obscure one, to minimise competition – as this often clinches the

The Importance Of My Culture
All around the world there exists a myriad of many different cultures. Each differs from the next
with unique characteristics that pertain to that specific culture. In spite of all the unique differences
that make my culture mine and your culture yours. We all share commonalities in how we interact
with each other. We let common principles and values influence and shape our interactions with
those around us. It is also based upon those principles and values how we integrate and categorize
individuals. Music is a perfect example of this. Being the universal language of the world, music has
a great deal of influence on not only how we interact within our culture but also how we integrate.
And is a perfect representation of where we are in culture and in society.
For thousands of years music has been an integral component to our creativity and development.
Music serves as an escape route for many of us. Its somewhere where you can leave your most
complex and personal thoughts for the world to see, or better yet listen. Or it can be where you let
your mind float off into the tranquil melodic vibes of the song. Have you ever played one of your
favorite songs and immediately felt your skin tighten up as hundreds of goosebumps emerged? I
believe music is an art of its own as it is an outlet that gives you the power to express yourself and
allow others to perceive and appreciate your art. It is a mirror of your emotions and aspirations. It is
no wonder why we can't live without

National Cybersecurity
The ITU National Cybersecurity strategy guide provides a cybersecurity framework from the
cybersecurity workforce. There are three skills that a cybersecurity specialist must possess
Management, Information Assurance and Technical to help combat the spread of cybercrime and
cyberwarfare. Typical Cybersecurity Skills. Source: ITU National Cybersecurity Strategy Guide
(ITU, National Cybersecurity Guide).
The ITU provides many courses for people to pursue worldwide. Cyber literacy is a very good
initiative to learn about online issues affecting cyberspace and spread awareness. The courses are
offered in various languages. The ITU has a lot of cyber Workforce that allows it to be on par in
various technological areas. ITU offers about 30 courses; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It is clear that it does not take an army to conduct warfare in cyberspace. What we will need is an
army to defend against a well–organized attack. However, I am hopeful that security technology,
laws and deterrence's will be on par with cyber–technologies being developed. With Internet of
Things (IOT) on the horizon, governments has no choice but to try to make cyberwarfare obsolete.
If not, the attack surface will be extremely large, making it more difficult to monitor and to
intervene in an intrusion event in a timely manner. Incident responders will have the 24/7 task of
defending our networks, and commerce will eventually slowly stop. The two files below compiled
by the ITU shows both the growth and complexity we have faced from 2005 to 2015. This is also a
good indicator of what is to come. Our attack surface is growing beyond our capabilities, and the
only way I believe we can fix this is to copy the Chinese methodology. Start training the next
generation of cyber offence and defensive personnel at a much earlier

Human Resources Case Study
Availability of human resources with the required background and skill sets
HUMINT as a collection discipline differs from its more technical counterparts in many ways as the
previous chapters have proven, and while the changing nature of targets has highlighted the need for
case officers from more diverse ethnic backgrounds and language skills it was focused on the
clandestine HUMINT collection as a process and as such did not delve into the modern requirements
of a case officer conducting clandestine HUMINT collection. Therefore, this chapter will analyze
three factors that are paramount to developing highly skilled clandestine HUMINT case officers that
can operate successfully in the modern security environment, these three factors ... Show more
The Patriot Act proposed the creation of National Virtual Translation Centre that would essentially
serve the entire United States intelligence community by combining the service of Translators with
state of the art commutations technologies. The WMD commission disagreed for they were skeptical
of being able to hire enough linguists for analytical purposes at such a large scale and instead
proposed the rapid development of foreign language processing tools that would be able to work
even in the absence of trained linguists.
Although, it must be noted that no amount technology and advanced training tools can suffice in
operational circumstances that are for the most part extremely unpredictable and as such the lack of
case officers with linguistic skills compatible with the modern security environment remains a
significant problem and it must be noted that Arabic remains an extremely difficult language to learn
in a short time period due to its linguistic remoteness to English. This issue is further reinforced by
the changing nature of case officers work that is effectively caused by the changing nature of targets.
The 'new' threat environment raises the need for non–official cover and as such case officers will be
required to interact with possibilities sources of a non–diplomatic nature whose English proficiency
may be rather limited. The whole focus of non–official cover is to allow a case officer to penetrate
the

The National Security Language Initiative For Youth
Last semester I was in India with a study abroad program sponsored by the State Department. The
National Security Language Initiative for Youth (NSLI–Y) was created in part to learn languages not
often spoken in the United States but also to create cross cultural education and understanding.
World peace can be achieved by broadening each other's perspectives through everyday interactions.
This idea forms an essential part of NSLI–Y's mission: that we can improve understanding between
our country and others, and this is achievable if each one of us decides to be the change that we
hope to see in our communities. This mission aligns with both my personal and future professional
missions, and as a NSLI–Y student and alumna, I am able to be ambassador, building connections
between communities through everyday interactions, volunteering, and speaking about my study
abroad experience. Therefore, as a study abroad participant, perhaps the most simple, but one of the
most important ways, to promote intercultural learning is to get involved. As a member of my host
community, I was able to open my ears and mind to every opportunity available to me to participate
in my community: through everyday traditions and once–a–year celebrations, school activities,
volunteer opportunities, and religious and extracurricular activities. I said yes to all of the new
opportunities that presented themselves to me, whether it was trying a new, unidentifiable food or
running a 5K. I let my passion

Indonesian Language And National Language
Indonesia is located in Southeast Asia. The national capital of the country is Jakarta. Indonesia is an
archipelago consists of more than 13000 islands. Indonesia is the fourth most populous country of
the world. The population of Indonesia is around 250 million (Paauw, 2009). Indonesia got freedom
on 27th December, 1949. Indonesian is the official national language of Indonesia. It is also known
as Bahasa Indonesia. In this essay the author will see the emergence of Indonesian language as the
language of national identity after 1940s. The author will also write about the impact of colonialism
and nationalism on the growth of Indonesian language as national language
Emergence of Indonesian language in pre–independence era
Originally Indonesian language was renowned as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In many other countries such as India and Philippines English has a dominant role in elite class an
upper middle class of society. Indonesian language also achieved no.5 ranking in the world amongst
all the languages. The use of Dutch is completely vanished in the Indonesian society and students
are also taking English language as an optional subject in their studies. English is not playing a
dominant role in the Indonesian education and many of the high scored postgraduates don't have any
knowledge of English. From the social perspective Indonesian language is much more acceptable
among all the sections of the society and people easily connect Indonesian language with the culture
of Indonesia. There is a serious problem attached with Indonesian language and that problem is the
lack of vocabulary and the people are using vernacular languages as the replacement
(Dardjowidjojo, 1998). Indonesian language has adopted many technical words from English
language such as komputer, handpone and telepon etc. (Hakim, 2015). The Indonesian language
needs to develop its vocabulary for attracting youth in

India 's National Language, Pakistan
There was incredible suffering that the Partion of India caused in areas of Birtish India through
exchanges of population ...Dealing in various ways with the human tragedy endured by people on
both sides of this newly created border. One of the best, and perhaps most famous, partition story
clearly reveals this sense of bewilderment,"Toba Tek Singh" was written in Urdu, Pakistan's national
language, by Sadat Hasan Manto, a Kashmiri who left his home in 1948 and moved to Karachi,
Pakistan's capital. The story recounts the effects of partition on a very particular portion of the
population.
The 1955 short story, writen by Saadat Hasan Manto, was based on inmates of lunatic asylums being
split in the wake of the Partition – with Hindu and Sikh inmates being transferred to India and
Muslim inmates going to Pakistan. It focused on a particular inmate, Bishan Singh. Bishan Singh is
a Sikh inmate who, fifteen years earlier, had gone mad and was admitted to the asylum by his
family. Everyone in the asylum called him Toba Tek Singh, the name of his village. Almost bald, his
legs swollen, because he is always seen standing and occasionally leaning against the wall, he had
the habit of speaking this nonsensical phrase, "Uper the gur gur the annexe the bay dhayana the
mung the dal of the laltain." No one could understand what the gibberish meant but it may be the
message Manto tries to display, that the partion is nonsense. From the story we learn a little bit about
Bishan's family and

Should United States Make English The Official National...
Should The United States Make English The Official National Language?
How can we communicate when we cannot speak English in the United States? The United States
really needs to make English our official language. I hope someday that we will have English our
official language. .There are too many languages to learn in the United States. We have people from
all walks of life speaking different language. If we do not stand for something we will fall for
anything. We are trying to adjust to language that we cannot understand , taking care of our business
affairs through communication of phone with no one knowing how to speak English language
clearly, It has become a crucial situation . How can we communicate with someone about our
business affairs

The Importance Of Media Writing
Introduction Authors of the book, Reaching Audiences, 6th Ed. (K. McAdams, J. Yopp, 2013),
describe four essential qualities necessary for effective and appropriate media writing.
Consequently, a four–pronged approach must include accuracy, clarity, completeness, and fairness,
within the writing process. Additionally, professional writers, Katherine McAdams and Jan Yopp,
further explain: "Writing that is accurate, clear, complete, and fair has a better chance of holding
audiences, particularly those who might be clicking through websites or leafing through magazines
(2013)." Moreover, writers must create engaging articles as readers are bombarded with competing
news stories from a variety of sources, on a daily basis. Therefore, capturing readers' attention is
only the beginning of the intended goal for writers. The next important step is keeping readers
engaged by ensuring there are no grammatical errors; writing in a simple language; satisfying the
reader by answering questions; and, by striving to be objective. In the end, a writers' task is to
incorporate the four essential elements of effective and appropriate media writing within the writing
process.
Analyzing News Articles Obviously, business owners and individuals tune in to the news when the
issue of tax cuts is raised by the government. Yet, individuals and many news reports are skeptical of
a tax plan proposed by Congress. While the administration promises a middle class tax cut, an
article published on businessinsider.com disagrees, as the title exclaims: "Here's how the Trump tax
plan would raise taxes on many middle–income families (J. Barro, 2017)." Effectively, contents of
the proposal as well as its' probable effect on businesses and individuals are reported in debt in the
written piece by Josh Barro. As a result, his analysis confirms that businesses will benefit from the
proposed tax cuts. However, upon further assessment, the final breakdown for individuals is not so
positive. In other words, individual tax payers will see their tax bill increase under the new proposal.
Accordingly, research performed by other online news outlets confirms this reporting, including;
salon.com, washingtonpost.com, cnn.com, and forbes.com. In

The Invasion Of Privacy And Concern For Safety
Introduction: The invasion of privacy and concern for safety has been an increasing worry among
people who live in the United States and across the world. The main issue is how does the
government's actions change how people view their own security and even national security.
Broader theories of this research question would be how the government's interaction with
technology and security influence how people think about their own personal privacy and safety as
well as our national security. Some central questions that are critical to how to analyze this growing
problem are the following: What does the NSA really collect and how does that differ from what
people believe that they collect? What is the significance of the FBI asking Apple to create a
backdoor into their phones? How does the decision that Apple made alter how people view their
privacy? What would happen if Apple hadn't made the decision to not create this "backdoor" for the
FBI? How would that decision have affected our national security? These questions are only a few
that relate to this issue and there are many other cases, approaches, and areas of the topic concerning
personal privacy in relation to national security and how it is viewed. The importance of national
security and people's feeling of safety and privacy can influence our national security. The FBI's
approach to asking Apple to create the backdoor to hack into a specific iPhone for a case, although
the backdoor would work on any iPhone, opens

Tok Pisin. Tok Pisin, One Of The Official National Languages
Tok Pisin
Tok Pisin, one of the official national languages of Papua New Guinea, and Hawaiian Creole
English have similar historical developments. However the two languages are used differently in
school and in the church. Both languages are viewed differently by non speakers. Lastly both pidgin
languages are currently having struggles keeping the language alive.
A pidgin language creates a way of communication among groups of people who lack a common
knowledge(Smith 2002). Pidgin languages are spoken as someone 's second language. When a kid is
raised and now that pidgin is their first language, the language is now known as creole (Smith
2002). Present day Hawaiian Creole English speakers and others in Hawaii refer to the language as
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With English speaking plantation owners and non English workers, the community needed a
common language to communicate with each other. Later in 1868 Japanese workers arrived and then
in 1907 Filipinos arrived to work in the plantations. By the year 1907 new grammar, syntax, and
intonation were added to the growing pidgin language of the immigrant communities(Tsai 1995).
Families were created from the plantation workers and eventually had kids and raised them on
speaking pidgin, now they speak Creole.
Papua New Guinea has hundreds of local languages, about 800, but chooses to use Tok Pisin in
schools, especially in urban areas (Franken & August 2011). Tok Pisin is used as a lingua franca or
bridge to help teach in schools. For kids that need help understanding a concept, teachers use
comparison, contrast, and elaboration in the student's first language then to Tok Pisin (Franken &
August 2011). The Board of Education in Papua New Guinea instructed grades first through third
will use the local language in the classroom. After third, a transitional bilingual program will take
place to teach kids English (Franken & August 2011). The Board of education wants the countries
kids to learn English so they can grow up and get jobs that require knowing English.
In 1894 English was used as the language for instruction in public schools in Hawaii. Then, two
years later the policy changed by Act 57 in the Republic of Hawaii(Choy). Act 57 banned

Evaluation of the Global Impact of the Estonia Cyber Event...
IA1 – EVALUATION OF THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF THE ESTONIA CYBER EVENT
Sherquita Tucker
CSEC655 Section 9041
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Background and Global Impact 4 3. Vulnerabilities in
Cybersecurity Policy and Practices 5 4. Advantages of Reducing Vulnerabilities for Future Attacks 8
5. Disadvantages of Reducing Vulnerabilities for Future Attacks 8 6. Advantages of Improving
Security Practices or Policies 9 7. Disadvantages of Improving Security Practices or Policies 10 8.
Summary and Conclusion 12 References 14
IA1 – Evaluation of the Global Impact of the Estonia Cyber Event
1. Introduction
What if suddenly the safety systems of nuclear power plants unexpectedly malfunctioned, or ...
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In fact, the threat of an attack has grown significantly throughout cyberspace to where cyberspace
has emerged as an arena for war similar to that of land, sea, air and space, with the emergent
possibility to harm the national security of nation–states, as exemplified by the 2007 cyber warfare
that plagued Estonia.
Nearly a decade since the introduction of the Internet, the transnational community still does not
have an organized, authoritative group of standards to oversee the actions of nations in cyberspace.
To deter aggression in cyberspace it is necessary to have such standards established.
This paper examines the cyber–attacks of the nation Estonia and how the lack of global standards
was a critical part of the attack. In addition, this paper looks at the vulnerabilities in the cyber
security policies and practices instituted at the occurrence of the cyber–attacks on Estonia as well as
the advantages and disadvantages for improving and reducing each named vulnerability and security
practice.
2. Background and Global Impact
From the time Estonia affirmed its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, it has
enthusiastically incorporated ICT in the everyday life of its citizens, therefore becoming one of the
most digitally connected nations in Europe. To further illustrate, over 65 percent of Estonians are
Internet consumers where they execute practically every administrative operation of society online
(Finn,

Exploring Terrorism And Terrorism
Module two highlighted the need for a greater understanding of how to recognize terrorism and
what resources can be utilized to strengthen communities. A strong capability to perform hazard and
threat assessments can go a long way in helping a community take preventive and protective
measure in the fight against terrorism. Fighting terrorism is a combination of several tools and
activities aimed at improving response capabilities and reducing the risks from attacks.
Activities to measure and improve capabilities can come in the form of prevention, protection,
response, recovery and mitigation. Each of these areas is designed to address a specific set of
capabilities, or core capabilities, aimed at creating a better more effective method ... Show more
When stakeholders use the combined tools and guidance such as the NRF and the CPG 101, better
measures can be taken to improve a community's preparedness level and reduce the risks associated
with a terrorist attack. The NRF and CPG 101 are two parts to a larger arsenal of federal guidance
that is provided by FEMA. One key element to maximizing the effectiveness of plans and planning
tools is the incorporation of an assessment processes. Key assessment processes should include the
following steps to be successful:
1. Identify the list of hazards and threats that may impacts a community.
2. Utilize a scenario to describe the hazards and threats and show how they may impact a
community.
3. Conduct an assessment on each hazard and threat to determine a measurable benchmark to
achieve a basic level of capability. Define the capability target or goal.
4. Determine the resources required to reach the capability target based on current (available)
resources and assets.
These four basic steps are the essential pieces to the Threat and Hazard Identification Risk
Assessment or THIRA. THIRA is a leading step–by–step methodology to help communities
determine where planning gaps exist in the identification and management of hazards. The heart of
THIRA is its simple structure that allows communities to identify desired outcomes, determine
capability targets, and apply resources to help meet those targets. FEMA describes

The Importance Of A Common National Language
Common national language has consistently been a fundamental driving force to uphold national
bonding all over the globe. This can be recognized by historical examples ranging from those found
in Western countries to Asian countries, such as how French was adopted as a means to reunify
France as a whole country after the French Revolution and how Korea has made use of a common
Korean language to unite the Three Kingdoms and to secure statehood. In this context, 'common
national language' refers to a language, both written and spoken that has connections, de facto or de
jure with users and the territory they occupy and exists originally but is then forged to be the first
language to shape a politically desired national identity. To strengthen the national solidarity, it has
sometimes been proposed that a typical national language is indispensable for accelerating the
formation of an appropriate national identity. This essay will argue that common national language
is the key to sustain nationhood because users can gain a greater sense of belongings and
togetherness towards the nation. This will be asserted by demonstrating how a particular concept can
be stressed with a language while speaking and by showing how a common national language could
reduce the communication gap between nationals with different mother tongues.
A key argument for adopting a universal national language is that speakers of a language can incline
to certain types of information while speaking (Mooney

Symbols Of The Caribbean Culture
There are multiple cultures around the world that influence a country's way of living. A culture is the
way in which certain groups behave, think, and what tangible objects they bring value to. The
Colombian culture is profoundly influenced by the Spanish culture, but has many distinct factors
that allow it to properly function. The first component of culture is symbols. Symbols are anything
with significance and value shared by the people in a culture. A symbol most countries value is their
national flag. The colors of the Colombian flag each symbolize a characteristic ideal for a strong
country. The yellow horizontal stripe is a reference to the wealth in gold Colombia withheld before
the arrival of Spaniards. The blue depicts the oceans lining the outer regions of the country. A
second interpretation of the flag's blue color is the country's loyalty and consciousness. Lastly, the
red reflects the bravery Colombians inherited during their victorious fight for independence as well
as a recognition for those who lost their lives (Colombia's National Symbols, 2017). Another
national symbol in Colombia is the Coat of Arms. The Coat of Arms is a national symbol of their
motto "Libertad y Orden" which translates to "Liberty and Order". The national bird, Andean
condor, has an important meaning to the roots of Colombians, dating back to the indigenous Andean
culture. The Andean people used the vulture as a symbol of health and power. Gestures as well are
symbols that give

Australia 's National Security Policy
Introduction
Australia's national security landscape has changed significantly throughout its history, especially
through the Howard, Rudd and Gillard years when fuelled by globalisation, terrorism and
widespread economic turmoil. However, despite the varying nature of the threat landscape over the
past century Australia has not until recently documented a combined, singular, national approach to
national security policy. Both the 2008 National Security Statement and the 2013 Australian
National Security Strategy have sought to fill a critical gap in Australia's policy theatre however the
efficacy of these documents to achieve these goals is heavily debated. This paper critically analyses
the 2013 National Security Strategy, through ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This became extremely evident, where with the state firmly entrenched as the referent object of
security , regional stability was challenged as the situation in East Timor escalated in the late 1990s
on Australia's doorstep. Compounding this reactionary approach were the events of September 11
and the subsequent War on Terror, alongside other bombings in London, Madrid and Bali. Terrorism
and resultant responses seemingly encapsulated the entire national security agenda of Australia
which ensured that broader policy was unable to keep pace with the rapidly developing and
turbulent security landscape, particularly as a result of the fluidity of threats (for example those
caused by non–state actors and cyber attacks). Surprisingly despite the continuing reality and rapidly
evolving nature of security threats faced by Australia, the Howard era remained strongly focused
strongly on military statecraft, fuelled in large part by Australia's ongoing role with the War on
Terror.
The 2008 National Security Statement
The 2008 National Security Statement (the Statement) departed swiftly from the concept of the state
as the referent objective of security, focusing on a broader more multi–dimensional all–hazards
approach. The Statement gave voice to the idea of a centralised approach to national security policy,
for the benefit of both public transparency and in communication Australia's intentions to

Employment Discrimination Against Individuals Based On...
Introduction This new generation brings new challenges that in the past were taboo. In the sixties
and seventies, a hippie was widely accepted, but now being transgender is not favorable. The hiring
process has many different attributes that employers have to deal with. Some aspects include
physical appearance, lifestyle, and language. For several decades, the law has forbidden
discrimination against individuals based on age, race, national origin, or sex, and these factors
should not be in job specifications or recruitment advertisements (Shaw, 2014, 284). Employment
discrimination against physical appearance, lifestyle, and language is not only wrong but also
unethical.
I. Physical Appearance Psychologists have long known that people form impressions of others
purely based on their appearance (Duarte, Siegel, & Young, 2012, p.2455). Today's society puts
great importance on people's physical appearance (Yang, & Stoeber, 2012, p.69). Not everyone can
be have a size 2 Victoria Secret model body or look like Duane Johnson (The Rock). Veterans have
a harder time getting jobs now because of their physical characteristics after the Iraqi war. Perfect
looks are highly valued because they symbolize success, happiness, and being loved and admired by
others; consequently, many people strive to look perfect, and many others are concerned about their
physical appearance worrying that they may not look perfect (Yang, & Stoeber, 2012, p.69). The
Civil Rights

Cyber Espionage In China Essay
While China continues to deny any involvement in breaches into U.S. government systems, U.S.
investigators and lawmakers are convinced of China's role in multiple hacking efforts. The inability
to identify the actual source of the data breaches continues to frustrate politicians; but more
importantly, it raises concerns about the vulnerability of these systems as well as call into question
as to why these agencies were specifically targeted for cyber espionage. On July 9, 2013, Larry
Wortzel, a member of the U.S.–China Economic and Security Review Commission testified before
the House of Representatives, Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight
and Investigation. He revealed the following assessment of China's cyber ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the Department of Defense most recently reported that a Chinese owned company,
DJI, which specializes in unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) has cunningly received data on critical
U.S. infrastructure such as military bases, commercial airports, highways, and bridges without
consent.10 Unknowingly, and while using these systems for standard and routine business
operations, U.S. military and commercial users of these systems were transmitting data back to
China. Now, the DoD, Homeland Security, and other government agencies, in a reactive posture, are
assessing the vulnerabilities and developing risk mitigation strategies. The extent of this potential
data exploitation from commercial applications undeniably draws skepticism about the
government's ability to control and exercise safeguard even in the commercial sector. This
unassailable intrusion only proves that the tools and the employment of cyber capabilities provide a
clandestine vehicle to surreptitiously engage in offensive cyber operations while leaving faint
fingerprints that eludes detection. China's covert acts will continue to challenge the effectiveness of
the U.S. leadership, test the strength of the United States National Security Strategy, and the merits
of Department of Defense military strategy.
Another emerging threat to the progression of cyber is the technological versatility of artificial
intelligence; and, currently, China

George Orwell's Big Brother : National Security, Freedom,...
The concept of George Orwell's "Big Brother" hangs over the world like an ominous cloud, sparking
fiery debates over the use of mass surveillance. The government's ingenuity in finding loopholes in
legislation troubles the citizenry, for they tremble at the dehumanizing practice of transforming into
pawns in the game of national security. History has shown that self–governing citizens have always
been distrustful of the state's abuse of power; therefore, misopolemists must take it upon themselves
and exercise "consent of the governed" by deciding between absolute freedom or guaranteed
security by virtue of rigorous measures of surveillance. Manipulating the interdependence of rights,
liberty, and the public welfare will only lead to discrepancies, so it is only rational to evaluate the
social, political, and philosophical arguments of both perspectives to reach a verdict. The rapid
development of technology and the escalating threat of global terrorism have collided, disrupting the
balance between autonomy, which requires a great deal of trust, and the fortifications of national
security into a state of crisis. With technological advances, governments across the world have the
means to thwart potential cataclysms and assuage the fears of the citizenry at the expense of
cherished personal privacy. The implacable media substantiated this notion by covering the recent
Orlando nightclub shooting because they duly noted that the attack would have been prevented if
surveillance

Role of Intelligence in India’s Security
RN KAO MEMORIAL LECTURE BY SHRI NARESH CHANDRA
India's Security Challenges in the next decade – Role of Intelligence
I feel greatly honoured and privileged to have been asked to deliver the R. N. Kao Memorial Lecture
this year. I believe, it is the sixth in the series started in 2007 by Shri Tharakan, the then Secretary,
R&AW . It feels good to be following the five distinguished speakers who have delivered the
lecture in previous years.
Before this distinguished gathering, it is hardly necessary to enumerate the achievements of Shri
Ramji Kao, one of the most celebrated civil servants of our time and the architect of our secret
service. He was given charge of organizing the R&AW in September, 1968. Shri Kao had been
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Proper intelligence input is essential to taking informed decisions on issues of national security.
Intelligence agencies are important arms of the State for meeting external challenges and for the
proper management of internal security.
In brief, our national security objectives are: (i) preservation of territorial and maritime integrity of
the country; (ii) having friendly relations with all countries; (iii) providing for sustained economic
and social development accessible to all; (iv) creating credible capacities to meet conventional and
non–conventional threats and challenges emerging from space and cyber space; and (v) nurturing
the values of secularism and democracy. These objectives set the agenda for our policies and
programmes and bring out the challenges that we face in the future for the successful prosecution of
these objectives.
To consider the security environment in which we have to fashion our policies, we find that the
global strategic context is changing rapidly, driven by the speed of technology development,
realignment of forces with the recent decline in the markets of the West along with emerging
economic strength and rise of China and India. Many see in this a strategic shift from the West to the
East, but one has to be realistic and not assume that this shift is going to indefinitely endure. Even
today, the

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