Presentation given by Dr Leanne Ramsay & Dr Martin Dunbar to the West of Scotland Pain Group on 7th October 2008 at the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow.
4. illness behavior and perceptions of illnessM.Vijaya Rani
This document discusses illness behavior and perceptions of illness. It covers several key topics:
1) How people determine when they are ill based on their ability to function and the presence of symptoms. Cultural factors can also influence symptom perception.
2) Common illness behaviors people engage in when sick like self-medication, and factors that influence help-seeking behaviors.
3) The "sick role" concept where sick individuals have both rights and obligations in society, such as being exempt from responsibilities but also expected to want to get better.
4) How illness representations, or people's beliefs and understanding about an illness, can impact their response and behaviors. Recognition of symptoms alone may not be enough to consider oneself ill
This document discusses the relationship between personality, personality disorders, and responses to illness. It covers how personality is shaped by past experiences and biology, and influences how patients interact with their treatment team and cope with illness. Specific personality types like dependent clingers and entitled demanders are known to stir dislike in physicians due to their demanding behaviors. The document also discusses transference and countertransference between patients and care providers.
1. The document discusses a task-based model for understanding psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness. It proposes that individuals adapt by accomplishing a non-linear series of adaptive tasks in different life domains, rather than moving through rigid stages.
2. The model has five components: the stressor (diagnosis), cognitive appraisal of the stressor, adaptive tasks in physical, psychological, social, spiritual and vocational domains, coping skills used to accomplish tasks, and the outcome of adaptation.
3. Adaptive tasks involve meeting medical needs, maintaining emotional balance and control, seeking social support, finding meaning, and vocational engagement. Coping skills help accomplish these tasks. Successful adaptation results in a new equilibrium
The document discusses comprehensive care for patients with HIV/AIDS, which should address physical, social, psychological/emotional, and spiritual needs. It emphasizes treating the whole person by considering their relationships and involving family/friends on a multi-disciplinary care team. The team should provide medical care, counseling, social support, rehabilitation, palliative care, and involve community services and support groups.
The document discusses communication and decision making near the end of life. It provides statistics on hospital deaths and quality of end of life care in Canada. It emphasizes the importance of communication between physicians and patients, and outlines principles for discussions around end of life issues, including assessing understanding and goals, developing care plans, and providing closure.
1. The document discusses illness behavior and its impact on patients and families. It defines acute and chronic illness and outlines stages of illness behavior.
2. Serious illness can cause stress reactions like frustration, anger, anxiety and withdrawal in patients. It impacts family roles and dynamics.
3. Illness affects patients' self-concept, self-esteem and body image. Nurses should help clients and families cope with these changes and adjustments.
Trulance is a prescription medication indicated for adults with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) or chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). Trulance works by activating guanylate cyclase-C receptors in the intestines to increase fluid secretion and accelerate gastrointestinal transit in a pH-dependent manner similar to the natural hormone uroguanylin. Clinical trials demonstrated the efficacy and safety of Trulance for the treatment of symptoms associated with IBS-C and CIC such as constipation, straining, abdominal pain and bloating. A boxed warning indicates Trulance is contraindicated in patients under 6 years old due to the risk of serious dehydration
4. illness behavior and perceptions of illnessM.Vijaya Rani
This document discusses illness behavior and perceptions of illness. It covers several key topics:
1) How people determine when they are ill based on their ability to function and the presence of symptoms. Cultural factors can also influence symptom perception.
2) Common illness behaviors people engage in when sick like self-medication, and factors that influence help-seeking behaviors.
3) The "sick role" concept where sick individuals have both rights and obligations in society, such as being exempt from responsibilities but also expected to want to get better.
4) How illness representations, or people's beliefs and understanding about an illness, can impact their response and behaviors. Recognition of symptoms alone may not be enough to consider oneself ill
This document discusses the relationship between personality, personality disorders, and responses to illness. It covers how personality is shaped by past experiences and biology, and influences how patients interact with their treatment team and cope with illness. Specific personality types like dependent clingers and entitled demanders are known to stir dislike in physicians due to their demanding behaviors. The document also discusses transference and countertransference between patients and care providers.
1. The document discusses a task-based model for understanding psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness. It proposes that individuals adapt by accomplishing a non-linear series of adaptive tasks in different life domains, rather than moving through rigid stages.
2. The model has five components: the stressor (diagnosis), cognitive appraisal of the stressor, adaptive tasks in physical, psychological, social, spiritual and vocational domains, coping skills used to accomplish tasks, and the outcome of adaptation.
3. Adaptive tasks involve meeting medical needs, maintaining emotional balance and control, seeking social support, finding meaning, and vocational engagement. Coping skills help accomplish these tasks. Successful adaptation results in a new equilibrium
The document discusses comprehensive care for patients with HIV/AIDS, which should address physical, social, psychological/emotional, and spiritual needs. It emphasizes treating the whole person by considering their relationships and involving family/friends on a multi-disciplinary care team. The team should provide medical care, counseling, social support, rehabilitation, palliative care, and involve community services and support groups.
The document discusses communication and decision making near the end of life. It provides statistics on hospital deaths and quality of end of life care in Canada. It emphasizes the importance of communication between physicians and patients, and outlines principles for discussions around end of life issues, including assessing understanding and goals, developing care plans, and providing closure.
1. The document discusses illness behavior and its impact on patients and families. It defines acute and chronic illness and outlines stages of illness behavior.
2. Serious illness can cause stress reactions like frustration, anger, anxiety and withdrawal in patients. It impacts family roles and dynamics.
3. Illness affects patients' self-concept, self-esteem and body image. Nurses should help clients and families cope with these changes and adjustments.
Trulance is a prescription medication indicated for adults with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) or chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). Trulance works by activating guanylate cyclase-C receptors in the intestines to increase fluid secretion and accelerate gastrointestinal transit in a pH-dependent manner similar to the natural hormone uroguanylin. Clinical trials demonstrated the efficacy and safety of Trulance for the treatment of symptoms associated with IBS-C and CIC such as constipation, straining, abdominal pain and bloating. A boxed warning indicates Trulance is contraindicated in patients under 6 years old due to the risk of serious dehydration
Psychological impact of chronic illness2Omar Moatamed
Chronic illness can cause psychological stress and impact coping abilities. It involves a cognitive appraisal of the illness in relation to one's resources. While it may cause anxiety, depression, guilt or anger, social support and personality can mediate these effects. Common emotional reactions include denial, anger, depression, and acceptance through various stages. Multimodal interventions aim to help patients adjust, manage stress and pain, learn coping skills, and strengthen family communication. Chronic illness strongly impacts social and emotional well-being, and better coping is linked to improved prognosis and health outcomes.
This document provides an overview of end of life care, including defining end of life care and palliative care, identifying the target population, and differentiating between palliative care and hospice care. It discusses factors that influence attitudes towards death, decision making at end of life, barriers to good end of life care, and nursing skills needed to provide palliative care. The goal is to help students understand end of life care and how to support older adults and their families during this process.
Geriatric Population. Geriatric Palliative and End-of-Life Care.Michelle Peck
During your journey through this slide deck Geriatric Population. Geriatric Palliative and End-of-Life Care you will experience what it means to die badly.
After practicing as a Geriatric Clinician for over a decade what I know for sure is: Life is a tremendous gift. 100% of us are going to die. If you don't communicate your end-of-life plan, then you should plan on dying badly.
In The Cost of Dying: End-of-Life Care on CBS 60 minutes Steve Kroft interviews Doctor Ira R. Byock. “Families cannot imagine that there could be anything worse than their loved one dying, but in fact there are things worse, generally it’s having someone you love die badly.” ~Doctor Ira Byock
“Dr. Byock what do you mean dying badly?” ~Mr. Kroft
“Dying suffering, dying connected to machines, denial of death at some point becomes a delusion and we start acting in ways that make no sense whatsoever.” ~Doctor Ira Byock
A majority of Americans say they want to die at home. Why is this not happening?
Place of death should be regarded as an essential goal in end-of-life care.
Let’s explore how the end-of-life decision occurs?
For Doctors
Bernacki & Block (2014) found in their review and synthesis of best practices that physician attitudes, training, and perceptions of feeling inadequate in managing the emotional and behavioral reactions of patients all play a role. A majority of trainees were not taught how to communicate and they express strong desires to learn more. Physician barriers also include not addressing psychosocial concerns, placing focus on diagnoses, treatments, and procedures during discussions about the medical care at the end-of-life.
For Patients
Bernacki & Block (2014) found that patients who do bring up dying concerns with their physicians often meet barriers and often are not aware that they are at the end-of-life. Patients that have not set goals based on meaningful conversations about their desires may overuse life-prolonging treatment and underuse services that support quality of life.
Conclusion
Bernacki & Block (2014) found that there is a large body of evidence demonstrating that early discussions of serious illness care goals are associated with:
♛ beneficial outcomes for patients,
♛ no harmful adverse effects, and
♛ potential cost savings.
Apply & Do
To prevent dying badly start early conversations, enhance your knowledge and establish goals. Dreams are only dreams until you write them down. When you write dreams down then they become goals.
Do ♛ The Conversation Project a collaboration with the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. http://theconversationproject.org/starter-kit/intro/
Do your conversation kit now and make your loved ones aware of your wishes.
Wishing you the very best, Michelle
Bernacki RE, Block SD, for the American College of Physicians High Value Care Task Force. Communication About Serious Illness Care Goals: A Review and Synthesis of Best Practices. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(12):1994-2003.
Dr. Elizabeth Paulk gives an excellent review of palliative care topics including end of life discussions, hospice, pain management, and family counseling.
Illness and illness behavior, impact on patient& familyArifa T N
This document discusses illness behavior and its determinants and stages. It defines illness as an abnormal response to disease that diminishes a person's physical, emotional, intellectual or other functioning. Illness behavior refers to how people describe, monitor, interpret and seek treatment for their symptoms. Determinants of illness behavior include how recognizable symptoms are, how serious they are perceived to be, cultural assumptions, and access to treatment resources. The stages of illness behavior outlined include experiencing symptoms, assuming the sick role, seeking medical care, becoming a dependent patient, and recovering. The impact of illness can include behavioral, emotional and lifestyle changes for the patient, as well as role changes, stress and financial problems for the family.
This document discusses the concept of illness and factors that influence illness behavior. It defines illness as a deviation from normal health that is manifested through physical and psychological symptoms. Variables like perception of symptoms, nature of illness, and personal characteristics can affect illness internally, while external variables include visibility of symptoms, social groups, culture, economics, and access to healthcare. The stages of illness behavior are described as symptom experience, assumption of sick role, medical care contact, dependent care, and recovery. Emotional responses like fear, dependence, anxiety, hope, and anger are also discussed. The impact of illness on individuals and families is outlined.
The lecture I gave for the Indiana University Health Joint Transplant Education and Research Lecture Series on palliative care. That's right, palliative care in transplant patients NOT at the end-of-life.
This document discusses end of life care decisions in the emergency department. It presents a case scenario of an 86-year-old lady presenting with shortness of breath, chest pain, and other symptoms who is admitted to the ICU and put on life support against her family's wishes. It then poses questions about the issues, ethical considerations, and medico-legal issues around end of life care decisions in the emergency department. It also provides context on tools and guidelines around identifying patients suitable for palliative versus aggressive care.
This document provides information about hospice care services from the Midwest Palliative & Hospice CareCenter. It discusses what hospice is, the goals of comfort and quality of life for patients, where patients can receive care, eligibility which includes a prognosis of 6 months or less, the hospice care team, common questions about services, how to discuss hospice with a loved one, bereavement support services, and resources for additional information.
Illness can involve diminished physical, emotional, intellectual, social, or spiritual functioning compared to a person's previous experience. Risk factors for illness include genetics, age, environment, and lifestyle. Common causes of disease are biological agents, genetic defects, physical and chemical agents, tissue response to injury, metabolic processes, emotional stress, and medical treatment. Illness behavior is determined by factors such as symptom recognition, perceived severity, knowledge, and access to treatment resources. It progresses through stages from initial symptom experience to assuming a sick role to seeking medical care to dependent patient role to recovery.
The document discusses various aspects of end-of-life care including communicating bad news, managing symptoms, providing comfort, and ensuring a peaceful death. It notes that less than 10% of people die suddenly while 90% experience a prolonged illness. It provides steps for communicating bad news to patients and families, describes approaches to managing common physical and psychological symptoms experienced by dying patients, and emphasizes the nurse's role in coordinating care and advocating for a dignified death without unnecessary suffering.
Presented at Kansas City University of Osteopathic Medicine 10/27/15 in Lecture Series in Bioethics. See live presentation here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dr3g3PeVKeo
Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. It takes a holistic approach to medicine and incorporates subjects like general medicine, neurology, behavioral sciences, psychology, sociology, and anthropology. The objectives of studying psychiatry and behavioral sciences include understanding human behavior, applying psychological concepts to holistic medical practice, and utilizing a biopsychosocial model of health and illness. Students learn about topics like development across the lifespan, stress and personality, psychological factors in illness and treatment, and cultural influences on health and healthcare.
Ethics presentation given at Providence Health Care on 2/19/16 as a part of a day-long nursing oncology conference. Discusses the fundamental clinical ethics consultation approach and discusses in narrative the relevant ethics cases that are common to oncology practice
The document discusses the nursing role in palliative care. It outlines that nurses coordinate treatment plans, manage symptoms, educate, and conduct research as part of a multidisciplinary team. The nursing role aims to relieve physical and mental suffering, maintain patient independence, and support families. Nurses provide holistic assessments of patients' physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs and communicate regularly with families. Effective palliative nursing depends on open communication, addressing patient and family needs, and working as part of a collaborative team to improve patients' quality of life until death.
The document provides an overview of palliative care, including:
1) It defines palliative care as the active total care of persons with advanced, progressive diseases, with a focus on controlling symptoms physically, psychologically, socially, and spiritually to improve quality of life.
2) It discusses the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual components of palliative care, highlighting how an interdisciplinary team assesses and manages symptoms using evidence-based guidelines while contextualizing treatment plans to patient's disease status and goals.
3) It emphasizes the importance of addressing psychological, social, and spiritual well-being through open communication, social support, spiritual assessments, and consideration of patients' and families' beliefs, relationships
Palliative care aims to improve quality of life for patients facing life-limiting illness and their families through pain and symptom management, psychosocial and spiritual support from diagnosis until end of life. It focuses on preventing and relieving suffering through early identification and treatment of pain, and addresses physical, psychosocial and spiritual problems. Palliative care is applicable alongside curative treatments and aims neither to hasten nor postpone death.
This document discusses best practices for delivering bad news to patients and their families in a compassionate manner. It begins by having attendees reflect on their own experiences delivering bad news. The goal is to educate healthcare providers on how to communicate bad news effectively in order to positively influence patient and family reactions. It then discusses various methods and protocols for delivering bad news, including preparing, sharing the information clearly and slowly, and caring for the patient emotionally. Common patient reactions are explored, as well as tips for handling special situations. The document emphasizes allowing patients to process the news at their own pace and maintaining a supportive presence.
1) This randomized clinical trial compared opioid vs nonopioid medication therapy over 12 months for patients with chronic back, hip, or knee pain.
2) It found no significant difference in pain-related function between the two groups, but pain intensity was significantly better in the nonopioid group. Adverse effects were significantly more common in the opioid group.
3) The study concludes that opioid therapy was not superior to nonopioid medications for improving pain-related function over 12 months, and the results do not support initiating opioids for moderate to severe chronic musculoskeletal pain.
This study investigated the relationship between pain catastrophizing and outcomes in 253 chronic pain patients prescribed opioids in primary care settings. Patients completed measures of pain catastrophizing, intensity, disability, side effects, and opioid misuse at baseline and 6-month follow up. The results showed that patients with high catastrophizing reported greater pain, disability, negative affect, side effects, and opioid misuse compared to low catastrophizing patients, both at baseline and over 6 months. Higher catastrophizing was associated with worse pain outcomes and increased risk of opioid misuse among chronic pain patients prescribed opioids in primary care.
This study examined whether a psychological opioid-risk evaluation influenced physicians' opioid prescribing decisions for 151 chronic pain patients being considered for chronic opioid therapy. Patients underwent an evaluation that assigned them an opioid-risk level of low, moderate, or high. The evaluation report was made available to physicians before their follow-up appointment where prescribing decisions were made. Results found that risk level significantly predicted opioid prescribing, with lower risk patients more likely to be prescribed opioids. A history of substance abuse also predicted less likely opioid prescribing. Demographic factors did not significantly influence prescribing contrary to some previous research. This suggests providing additional information about patients' abuse risk aids prescribing decisions and may reduce bias.
Psychological impact of chronic illness2Omar Moatamed
Chronic illness can cause psychological stress and impact coping abilities. It involves a cognitive appraisal of the illness in relation to one's resources. While it may cause anxiety, depression, guilt or anger, social support and personality can mediate these effects. Common emotional reactions include denial, anger, depression, and acceptance through various stages. Multimodal interventions aim to help patients adjust, manage stress and pain, learn coping skills, and strengthen family communication. Chronic illness strongly impacts social and emotional well-being, and better coping is linked to improved prognosis and health outcomes.
This document provides an overview of end of life care, including defining end of life care and palliative care, identifying the target population, and differentiating between palliative care and hospice care. It discusses factors that influence attitudes towards death, decision making at end of life, barriers to good end of life care, and nursing skills needed to provide palliative care. The goal is to help students understand end of life care and how to support older adults and their families during this process.
Geriatric Population. Geriatric Palliative and End-of-Life Care.Michelle Peck
During your journey through this slide deck Geriatric Population. Geriatric Palliative and End-of-Life Care you will experience what it means to die badly.
After practicing as a Geriatric Clinician for over a decade what I know for sure is: Life is a tremendous gift. 100% of us are going to die. If you don't communicate your end-of-life plan, then you should plan on dying badly.
In The Cost of Dying: End-of-Life Care on CBS 60 minutes Steve Kroft interviews Doctor Ira R. Byock. “Families cannot imagine that there could be anything worse than their loved one dying, but in fact there are things worse, generally it’s having someone you love die badly.” ~Doctor Ira Byock
“Dr. Byock what do you mean dying badly?” ~Mr. Kroft
“Dying suffering, dying connected to machines, denial of death at some point becomes a delusion and we start acting in ways that make no sense whatsoever.” ~Doctor Ira Byock
A majority of Americans say they want to die at home. Why is this not happening?
Place of death should be regarded as an essential goal in end-of-life care.
Let’s explore how the end-of-life decision occurs?
For Doctors
Bernacki & Block (2014) found in their review and synthesis of best practices that physician attitudes, training, and perceptions of feeling inadequate in managing the emotional and behavioral reactions of patients all play a role. A majority of trainees were not taught how to communicate and they express strong desires to learn more. Physician barriers also include not addressing psychosocial concerns, placing focus on diagnoses, treatments, and procedures during discussions about the medical care at the end-of-life.
For Patients
Bernacki & Block (2014) found that patients who do bring up dying concerns with their physicians often meet barriers and often are not aware that they are at the end-of-life. Patients that have not set goals based on meaningful conversations about their desires may overuse life-prolonging treatment and underuse services that support quality of life.
Conclusion
Bernacki & Block (2014) found that there is a large body of evidence demonstrating that early discussions of serious illness care goals are associated with:
♛ beneficial outcomes for patients,
♛ no harmful adverse effects, and
♛ potential cost savings.
Apply & Do
To prevent dying badly start early conversations, enhance your knowledge and establish goals. Dreams are only dreams until you write them down. When you write dreams down then they become goals.
Do ♛ The Conversation Project a collaboration with the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. http://theconversationproject.org/starter-kit/intro/
Do your conversation kit now and make your loved ones aware of your wishes.
Wishing you the very best, Michelle
Bernacki RE, Block SD, for the American College of Physicians High Value Care Task Force. Communication About Serious Illness Care Goals: A Review and Synthesis of Best Practices. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(12):1994-2003.
Dr. Elizabeth Paulk gives an excellent review of palliative care topics including end of life discussions, hospice, pain management, and family counseling.
Illness and illness behavior, impact on patient& familyArifa T N
This document discusses illness behavior and its determinants and stages. It defines illness as an abnormal response to disease that diminishes a person's physical, emotional, intellectual or other functioning. Illness behavior refers to how people describe, monitor, interpret and seek treatment for their symptoms. Determinants of illness behavior include how recognizable symptoms are, how serious they are perceived to be, cultural assumptions, and access to treatment resources. The stages of illness behavior outlined include experiencing symptoms, assuming the sick role, seeking medical care, becoming a dependent patient, and recovering. The impact of illness can include behavioral, emotional and lifestyle changes for the patient, as well as role changes, stress and financial problems for the family.
This document discusses the concept of illness and factors that influence illness behavior. It defines illness as a deviation from normal health that is manifested through physical and psychological symptoms. Variables like perception of symptoms, nature of illness, and personal characteristics can affect illness internally, while external variables include visibility of symptoms, social groups, culture, economics, and access to healthcare. The stages of illness behavior are described as symptom experience, assumption of sick role, medical care contact, dependent care, and recovery. Emotional responses like fear, dependence, anxiety, hope, and anger are also discussed. The impact of illness on individuals and families is outlined.
The lecture I gave for the Indiana University Health Joint Transplant Education and Research Lecture Series on palliative care. That's right, palliative care in transplant patients NOT at the end-of-life.
This document discusses end of life care decisions in the emergency department. It presents a case scenario of an 86-year-old lady presenting with shortness of breath, chest pain, and other symptoms who is admitted to the ICU and put on life support against her family's wishes. It then poses questions about the issues, ethical considerations, and medico-legal issues around end of life care decisions in the emergency department. It also provides context on tools and guidelines around identifying patients suitable for palliative versus aggressive care.
This document provides information about hospice care services from the Midwest Palliative & Hospice CareCenter. It discusses what hospice is, the goals of comfort and quality of life for patients, where patients can receive care, eligibility which includes a prognosis of 6 months or less, the hospice care team, common questions about services, how to discuss hospice with a loved one, bereavement support services, and resources for additional information.
Illness can involve diminished physical, emotional, intellectual, social, or spiritual functioning compared to a person's previous experience. Risk factors for illness include genetics, age, environment, and lifestyle. Common causes of disease are biological agents, genetic defects, physical and chemical agents, tissue response to injury, metabolic processes, emotional stress, and medical treatment. Illness behavior is determined by factors such as symptom recognition, perceived severity, knowledge, and access to treatment resources. It progresses through stages from initial symptom experience to assuming a sick role to seeking medical care to dependent patient role to recovery.
The document discusses various aspects of end-of-life care including communicating bad news, managing symptoms, providing comfort, and ensuring a peaceful death. It notes that less than 10% of people die suddenly while 90% experience a prolonged illness. It provides steps for communicating bad news to patients and families, describes approaches to managing common physical and psychological symptoms experienced by dying patients, and emphasizes the nurse's role in coordinating care and advocating for a dignified death without unnecessary suffering.
Presented at Kansas City University of Osteopathic Medicine 10/27/15 in Lecture Series in Bioethics. See live presentation here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dr3g3PeVKeo
Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. It takes a holistic approach to medicine and incorporates subjects like general medicine, neurology, behavioral sciences, psychology, sociology, and anthropology. The objectives of studying psychiatry and behavioral sciences include understanding human behavior, applying psychological concepts to holistic medical practice, and utilizing a biopsychosocial model of health and illness. Students learn about topics like development across the lifespan, stress and personality, psychological factors in illness and treatment, and cultural influences on health and healthcare.
Ethics presentation given at Providence Health Care on 2/19/16 as a part of a day-long nursing oncology conference. Discusses the fundamental clinical ethics consultation approach and discusses in narrative the relevant ethics cases that are common to oncology practice
The document discusses the nursing role in palliative care. It outlines that nurses coordinate treatment plans, manage symptoms, educate, and conduct research as part of a multidisciplinary team. The nursing role aims to relieve physical and mental suffering, maintain patient independence, and support families. Nurses provide holistic assessments of patients' physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs and communicate regularly with families. Effective palliative nursing depends on open communication, addressing patient and family needs, and working as part of a collaborative team to improve patients' quality of life until death.
The document provides an overview of palliative care, including:
1) It defines palliative care as the active total care of persons with advanced, progressive diseases, with a focus on controlling symptoms physically, psychologically, socially, and spiritually to improve quality of life.
2) It discusses the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual components of palliative care, highlighting how an interdisciplinary team assesses and manages symptoms using evidence-based guidelines while contextualizing treatment plans to patient's disease status and goals.
3) It emphasizes the importance of addressing psychological, social, and spiritual well-being through open communication, social support, spiritual assessments, and consideration of patients' and families' beliefs, relationships
Palliative care aims to improve quality of life for patients facing life-limiting illness and their families through pain and symptom management, psychosocial and spiritual support from diagnosis until end of life. It focuses on preventing and relieving suffering through early identification and treatment of pain, and addresses physical, psychosocial and spiritual problems. Palliative care is applicable alongside curative treatments and aims neither to hasten nor postpone death.
This document discusses best practices for delivering bad news to patients and their families in a compassionate manner. It begins by having attendees reflect on their own experiences delivering bad news. The goal is to educate healthcare providers on how to communicate bad news effectively in order to positively influence patient and family reactions. It then discusses various methods and protocols for delivering bad news, including preparing, sharing the information clearly and slowly, and caring for the patient emotionally. Common patient reactions are explored, as well as tips for handling special situations. The document emphasizes allowing patients to process the news at their own pace and maintaining a supportive presence.
1) This randomized clinical trial compared opioid vs nonopioid medication therapy over 12 months for patients with chronic back, hip, or knee pain.
2) It found no significant difference in pain-related function between the two groups, but pain intensity was significantly better in the nonopioid group. Adverse effects were significantly more common in the opioid group.
3) The study concludes that opioid therapy was not superior to nonopioid medications for improving pain-related function over 12 months, and the results do not support initiating opioids for moderate to severe chronic musculoskeletal pain.
This study investigated the relationship between pain catastrophizing and outcomes in 253 chronic pain patients prescribed opioids in primary care settings. Patients completed measures of pain catastrophizing, intensity, disability, side effects, and opioid misuse at baseline and 6-month follow up. The results showed that patients with high catastrophizing reported greater pain, disability, negative affect, side effects, and opioid misuse compared to low catastrophizing patients, both at baseline and over 6 months. Higher catastrophizing was associated with worse pain outcomes and increased risk of opioid misuse among chronic pain patients prescribed opioids in primary care.
This study examined whether a psychological opioid-risk evaluation influenced physicians' opioid prescribing decisions for 151 chronic pain patients being considered for chronic opioid therapy. Patients underwent an evaluation that assigned them an opioid-risk level of low, moderate, or high. The evaluation report was made available to physicians before their follow-up appointment where prescribing decisions were made. Results found that risk level significantly predicted opioid prescribing, with lower risk patients more likely to be prescribed opioids. A history of substance abuse also predicted less likely opioid prescribing. Demographic factors did not significantly influence prescribing contrary to some previous research. This suggests providing additional information about patients' abuse risk aids prescribing decisions and may reduce bias.
This document summarizes the results of moderator analyses from a large randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for chronic pain from osteoarthritis. The trial compared 10 sessions of Pain Coping Skills Training (PCST), a form of CBT, delivered by nurse practitioners to a usual care control group. Several demographic and clinical variables were examined as potential moderators of treatment response. The analyses found that patients' pain coping style, expectations for treatment, disease severity, age, and education level significantly moderated outcomes, with some subgroups showing stronger responses to PCST. Sex, race, BMI, and depression did not impact treatment response. Specifically, patients with interpersonal pain coping problems did not benefit much from
An Internet questionnaire to identify Drug seeking behavior in a patient in t...Nelson Hendler
Drug seeking behavior in patients with little or no real pain, has led to the opioid crisis. Until now, there was no reliable method for detecting drug seeking behavior. The Pain Validity Test from www.MarylandClinicalDiagnostics.com can predict with 95% accuracy who will have medical test abnormalities, i.e. who has a valid complaint of pain, and predicts with 85%-100% accuracy who will not have any medical test abnormalities, i.e. who is faking and drug seeking. The Pain Validity Test has been admitted as evidence in over 30 legal cases in 8 states.
Pain Validity Test to detect drug seeking behaviorNelson Hendler
The Pain Validity Test predicts which patient will have medical test abnormalities with 95% accuracy, thereby validating their complaint of pain. The Pain Validity Test also predicts with 85%-100% accuracy who will not have medical test abnormalities, thereby detecting drug seeking behavior, faking and malingering.
Pain Validity Test identifies drug seeking behavior. Stop opioid abuse. Prote...Nelson Hendler
Physician prescribing practices are under constant scrutiny. An Internet questionnaire will predict if a patient will have a medical test abnormality with 95% accuracy, and 100% if the patient will not. This Pain Validity Test can be used to detect drug seeking behavior in patients, at a far high level of accuracy than tests currently in use (34.4%-48.2% accuracy).. The Pain Validity test has been admitted as evidence in 30 cases in 9 states.
More Predictive Modeling of Total Healthcare Costs Using Pharmacy Claims DataM. Christopher Roebuck
This study examined the relationship between medication adherence and future healthcare costs using pharmacy claims data. It found that increased medication adherence, as measured by compliance and persistence, was associated with lower total future healthcare costs. The study also found that using a boosted regression model that incorporated medication adherence measures provided similar or better predictive accuracy for future healthcare costs compared to other econometric models. However, overfitting was an issue with the boosted regression model that would need to be addressed through parameter respecification.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of opioid analgesics for low back pain. The analysis included 20 randomized clinical trials involving nearly 8,000 participants. The review found that within recommended doses, opioids provided only modest short-term pain relief for chronic low back pain, with the effect unlikely to be clinically meaningful. Approximately half of trial participants withdrew from studies due to adverse effects or lack of efficacy. The review concluded that opioids provide limited benefit for chronic low back pain within guideline doses and that evidence for long-term efficacy is lacking.
FIRST DRAFT1FIRST DRAFT9First DraftErica K.docxAKHIL969626
FIRST DRAFT 1
FIRST DRAFT 9
First Draft
Erica K. Fernandez
Argosy University
Pain Management for Patients with Addiction Problems
Thesis Statement
The ability of clinicians to keep patients in check has proven to be a challenge, especially with concerns regarding the legitimacy and physical functions affecting overall pain management in patients with an addiction problem.
Background
The treatment modalities for chronic pain using COT in active drug users or those who are in remission present a significant challenge for clinicians who oversee the effectiveness of the intervention. Moreover, such notions are correlated to the concerns of patients experiencing a relapse to substance abuse during the duration of therapy since analgesics may obscure drug-seeking behaviours that are characteristic of addictive diseases. This results in poor treatment outcomes where patients are likely to be discharged prematurely from pain care treatment (Ballantyne & Mao, 2003). Additionally, there is the widespread misconception that chronic pain patients with an addiction problem often encounter health professionals who possess inadequate training in clinical guidelines that are related to comorbidities of chronic pain and related addiction issues. Moreover, there exists a dilemma for the treatment of abstinent and former heroin addicts as they are at a high risk of relapsing to addiction if they are exposed to opioid drugs. They also face the risk of relapsing if they are not accorded sufficient care. For people who are already on opioid medication such as methadone often experience challenges responding to pain relievers when they are hospitalized. In such as case, the fundamental principle of management denotes the prevention of withdrawals by initiating methadone for heroin users while providing additional analgesia as recommended while confirming whether the pain relief is satisfactory (Chou et al., 2009). Additionally, most physicians have developed a phobia of over prescribing narcotics as pain relievers. Perhaps this may be attributed to the fear of the legal repercussions that may ensue including the divergences in federal guidelines on matters about the use of narcotics as a pain reliever. Thus, it is the responsibility of the individual practitioner to offer pain management using opioids for legitimate standard and by the regulation of medical practice.
Objective
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the challenges that are faced by clinicians in pain treatment for patients with addiction problems. On the other hand, the study focuses on offering a counter-argument to the thesis by providing ideal solutions for pain management for patients with SUDs. Additionally, the research intends to highlight the complex interconnection that exists between pain management and addiction to opioids.
Supporting Points
For clinicians, the hardest challenge is perhaps knowing the right way to handle patients who require pain medication, ...
The document provides revised recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia based on a review of evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses published since the original 2005 guidelines. Key findings include:
- Exercise was the only intervention with a "strong for" recommendation based on meta-analyses showing benefits for pain, fatigue, sleep and functioning.
- A graduated four-stage approach is proposed, beginning with patient education and non-pharmacological therapies. Pharmacological therapies (amitriptyline, pregabalin, cyclobenzaprine, duloxetine, milnacipran) received "weak for" recommendations for severe pain or sleep issues.
- Growth hormone, sodium oxybate, NSAIDs, S
The document provides revised recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia based on a review of evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses published since the original 2005 guidelines. Key findings include:
- Exercise is the only therapy strongly recommended based on meta-analyses showing benefit for pain, sleep, and functioning.
- A graduated four-stage approach is proposed, beginning with patient education and non-pharmacological therapies.
- If non-response, further therapies such as psychological therapies, pharmacotherapy, or rehabilitation may be tailored to the individual. However, meta-analyses only found weak evidence for all potential pharmacological therapies.
- Most treatments show relatively modest effects. Future research priorities are identifying who benefits from specific interventions,
Predicting Medical Test Results and Intra-Operative Findings in Chronic Pain ...Nelson Hendler
The Pain Validity Test can predict which patient will have abnormal medical test results with 95% accuracy, and surgical abnormalities with 94% accuracy. This on-line questionnaire takes only 5 minutes of staff time to administer, and takes only 15 minutes of patient time.Results are available immediately. This test can be used to document "medical necessity" for insurance pre-authorization for testing and surgery.
This document discusses adopting a "universal precautions" approach to assessing and managing chronic pain patients to improve care and reduce risks. It notes that while some chronic pain patients have substance use disorders, there is no reliable way to identify those individuals in advance. It recommends thoroughly assessing all patients for present and past substance use, including illicit drugs and alcohol, to better understand risks. A universal precautions approach allows for formulating individualized treatment plans based on mutual trust and honesty while improving care, reducing stigma, and containing overall risks.
This document contains summaries of several research papers on topics related to chronic pain, suicide risk, and bipolar disorder:
1) One study found that tapering opioid doses for chronic pain patients was associated with increased risks of overdose and mental health crisis compared to patients who did not taper. Higher tapering speeds were linked to even greater risks.
2) Another study observed chronic pain patients undergoing opioid tapering or transition to buprenorphine treatment. Higher initial opioid doses predicted needing buprenorphine, and benzodiazepine use predicted dropout. Pain levels varied after treatment.
3) Research on combat veterans found that those exposed to combat had higher rates of PTSD, suicide attempts, strokes and chronic pain
Physicians have difficulty detecting when patients are lying or deceiving them. A literature review found that standardized patients, or actors trained to mimic real patients, were correctly identified as fake by physicians only about 10% of the time during office visits. Some real patients were even mistakenly identified as standardized patients. Deception is challenging for physicians given their tendency to assume patients are being truthful. The legal risks of prescribing opioids when deceived mean doctors must take precautions to minimize risks of abuse or diversion, but allowance must be made for the fact that honest physicians can still be misled by deceptive patients.
The document discusses various methods for measuring outcomes in pharmacoepidemiology studies. It describes:
1) Common outcome measures including functional status, symptom status, patient satisfaction, economic measures, and quality of life studies.
2) How therapeutic outcomes can be classified as cure, improvement, no change, or deterioration and as success or failure.
3) How drug use is also measured using monetary units, number of prescriptions, units dispensed, defined daily doses, and medication adherence.
4) How risk is expressed using attributable risk, relative risk, time-risk relationships, and odds ratios to quantify the probability of outcomes in exposed versus unexposed groups.
This study compared chronic pain patients whose symptoms were considered medically unexplained (cases) to those whose symptoms had clear medical explanations (controls). The key findings were:
1. Medically unexplained symptoms were associated with higher rates of psychiatric morbidity, including a 3.4 times higher odds of any psychiatric diagnosis.
2. Cases reported more potential iatrogenic factors like over-investigation and over-treatment from healthcare providers compared to controls.
3. There were no significant differences between cases and controls in rates of medication abuse or dependence.
1) The study examined the association between spousal or significant other solicitous responses and opioid dose in 466 patients with chronic pain. 2) It found that higher scores on a scale measuring solicitous responses, such as asking about pain symptoms, were associated with higher daily morphine equivalent doses. 3) This association remained even after adjusting for other factors like age, sex, depression and pain severity. The findings suggest solicitous responses may influence opioid dose among chronic pain patients.
The document discusses factors that affect patient compliance with medical treatment. It examines compliance vs adherence and discusses factors like individual characteristics, disease factors, environmental factors, and the practitioner-patient relationship. Educational interventions have been found to have limited effectiveness on compliance, while behavioral strategies that focus on changing behaviors have been more effective. Reasons patients give for non-compliance include issues like side effects, cost, forgetting, and lack of belief in treatment effectiveness.
Similar to The role of illness perceptions and medicine beliefs in adherence to chronic pain medication (20)
Messy, not smelling of roses and a tilted view requiredepicyclops
Presidential Address given to the Glasgow Southern Medical Society on 24th October 2013. In her lecture, Dr Andrea Williamson discusses health inequalities and homelessness from the viewpoint of a general practitioner in Glasgow.
Two videos are discussed during the meeting:
The first is Isha and the Poverty Truth Commission:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKGMok5s2Rs&noredirect=1
The second is Brian and the Housing First pilot in Glasgow:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKyNhAaCsE0
Lecture given to the West of Scotland Pain Group on 27th February 2013 by Consultant Neurologist Dr Colin O'Leary on the clinical features of multiple sclerosis and management of MS pain and spasticity.
The Dismal Scientist: the price of everything, the value of nothingepicyclops
How do we evaluate the cost-effectiveness of new medicines? What value do we place on effective drugs? Prof. Ken Paterson explores the challenging area of health economics and how we judge whether we can afford new treatments in a cash-limited health service.
Lecture given to the West of Scotland Pain Group on Wednesday 28th November 2012 by Emma Mair, Specialist Physiotherapist in Pain Management about Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) and its treatment with Graded Motor Imagery (GMI).
How early childhood experience determines our healthepicyclops
People in Glasgow are more likely than other UK citizens to die prematurely, even when socio-economic deprivation is taken into account. This excess mortality is largely due to problem substance use, suicide and violence: the 'Glasgow Effect'.
There are compelling reasons to believe that experiences in utero and early childhood largely explain the Glasgow Effect through programming of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, through learned patterns of attachment to caregivers and through other learned behaviours. Several early indicators of vulnerability can now be identified and doctors should pay attention to them in the same way as they pay attention to blood pressure readings.
Lecture given to the Glasgow Southern Medical Society on Thursday 8th November 2012 by Prof. Phil Wilson, Professor of Primary Care and Rural Health, University of Aberdeen.
http://www.gsms.org.uk
Greater Glasgow & Clyde Back Pain Service - Claire MacKelvieepicyclops
Lecture given by Clinical Physiotherapy Specialist, Claire MacKelvie to the West of Scotland Pain Group on Wednesday 30th November 2011. Claire describes the development and function of the back pain service.
Working with interpreters in healthcare settingsepicyclops
Lecture given to the West of Scotland Pain Group by Dr Sharon Doherty, Clinical Psychologist, on Wednesday 26th January, 2011.
Dr Doherty discusses the increasingly important role of professional interpreters and how to get the best out of an interpreted consultation.
www.wspg.org
Lecture given to the West of Scotland Pain Group on Wednesday 24th November 2010 in the Ebenezer Duncan Centre, Victoria Infirmary, Glasgow by Dr Paul Reading, Consultant Neurologist.
In this talk, Dr Reading describes the importance of good quality sleep and how pain and sleep interact.
www.wspg.org.uk
Spinal Cord Stimulation Dr Andrew Crockettepicyclops
1. The document discusses spinal cord stimulation service, including its history, components, mechanisms of action, indications, procedures, evidence from studies, outcomes, complications, and guidelines.
2. It provides details on the multidisciplinary team approach used, case studies, audits of outcomes that found over 50% pain relief in many patients, and complications rates of around 30-40%.
3. The document reflects on the author's experience with the multidisciplinary team approach and how working with complex patients has been an enjoyable learning experience.
Assessment Of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Dr Candy Mccabeepicyclops
Lecture given to the North British Pain Association on 16th May 2008 by Dr Candy McCabe. In this talk, Dr McCabe discusses the mechanisms and assessment of patients with complex regional pain syndrome.
Pain And Dependence Screening For Addiction In A Pain Setting Dr Steve Gi...epicyclops
Lecture given to the North British Pain Association on 16th May 2008 by Dr Steve Gilbert and Dr Alex Baldaccino. In this talk, they discuss the assessment and screening of patients in the pain clinic for evidence of drug dependence.
www.nbpa.org.uk
Psychological Assessment For Implantable Therapies Dr Peter Murphyepicyclops
Psychological assessment is recommended for patients undergoing spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy based on evidence that it leads to better outcomes. A brief psychological evaluation can identify potential mental health issues like depression or anxiety that are common in chronic pain patients and associated with poorer prognoses. It also aims to ensure patients have realistic expectations of SCS and a plan for managing their pain should the treatment not achieve the desired level of relief. While certain personality traits alone may not predict outcomes, evaluations can help optimize patient selection and preparation for SCS.
Nursing Assessment Of The New Chronic Pain Patient Sr Christine Wakefieldepicyclops
Lecture given to the North British Pain Association on 16th May 2008 by Sr Christine Wakefield. In this talk, Sr Wakefield discusses the role of the nurse specialist in the assessment of the newly-referred patient with chronic pain. www.nbpa.org.uk
Referral For Invasive Procedures For Cancer Pain Dr Alison Mitchellepicyclops
Lecture given to the North British Pain Association on 16th May 2008 by Dr Alison Mitchell. In this talk, Dr Mitchell discusses the indications for referral of patients with cancer pain for invasive procedures. She describes the new interventional cancer pain service being set up in Glasgow. www.nbpa.org.uk
Assessment Of Fear Avoidance In Chronic Pain - Dr Johan W S Vlaeyenepicyclops
Lecture given to the North British Pain Association on 16th May 2008 by Dr Johan Vlaeyen. In this talk, Dr Vlaeyen discusses the mechanisms, assessment and treatment of fear avoidance in patients with chronic pain. Edinburgh, UK. www.nbpa.org.uk
When to get worried: Missed pathology in the pain clinic - Dr Andrew Crockettepicyclops
This document discusses assessment issues in chronic pain management. It outlines causes of missed diagnoses by assessors or patients, and the potential consequences. The role of initial assessment is discussed, including who performs it and whether the goal is diagnosis or symptom management. Reasons to pursue diagnosis include identifying serious illnesses, treatable conditions, and enabling further treatment or referral. However, over-diagnosis can also cause issues like unnecessary anxiety, investigations, and resource use. Guidance is provided on signs that warrant further investigation for conditions like radiculopathy, spinal stenosis, and cancer. Factors associated with different types of back pain are also summarized.
The Wine Diet (healthy eating and drinking) - Prof. Alan Crozierepicyclops
Prof Alan Crozier, Professor of Plant Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, University of Glasgow speaks to the Glasgow Southern Medical Society on the benefits of a diet rich in phytoantioxidants.
New directions in the psychology of chronic pain managementepicyclops
Lecture followed audience discussion on contextual cognitive behaviour therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in the management of chronic pain from the West of Scotland Pain Group on Wednesday 5th December 2007. The speaker is Lance M. McCracken PhD, of the Pain Management Unit at the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases & University of Bath, Bath UK.
www.wspg.org.uk
Further reading:
DAHL, J., & LUNDGREN, T. (2006). Living beyond your pain using acceptance and commitment therapy to ease chronic pain. Oakland, CA, New Harbinger Publications.
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/63472470
HAYES, S. C., STROSAHL, K., & WILSON, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy an experiential approach to behavior change. New York, Guilford Press.
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41712470
MCCRACKEN, L. M. (2005). Contextual cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain. Progress in pain research and management, v. 33. Seattle, IASP Press.
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57564664
Mick Serpell discusses drug developments for treating post-operative pain and neuropathic pain, including optimal drug strategies, combinations, and prophylaxis. Some key areas covered include gabapentin reducing post-mastectomy pain and opioid requirements; combinations of gabapentin and opioids providing better pain relief than either alone; and amitriptyline potentially preventing post-herpetic neuralgia. New drugs mentioned include cannabinoids and a lidocaine plaster for treating neuropathic pain.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics