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The Rise & Fall of
Richard M. Nixon
                   PA 510
                 Fall 2012
              Prepared by:
               Jovee Basa
             Joshua Perez
What Led to Watergate?
O Nixon’s Political Background
O State of the Country
O Nixon’s Character
Political Background
O 1946: Elected to House of Representatives
  O 1948-49: Alger Hiss Case
    O Catapulted his political career
O 1950: Elected to U.S. Senate
  O Nickname “Tricky Dick” was dubbed upon him
Helen Douglas Interview
Political Background
O 1953-61: Vice-President
  O Accused of keeping slush funds of campaign
    contributions
  O Checker speech
“Checker Speech”
Political Background
O 1960: GOP Candidate for President
  O Loses to Democrat John F. Kennedy
O 1962: GOP Candidate for Governor of California
  O Loses to Democrat Edmund Brown, Sr.
  O Speculation of political career had come to an end
O 1968: GOP Candidate for President
  O President Johnson, not seeking a 2nd term
  O Robert F. Kennedy assassinated
State of the Country
O Vietnam War, escalates
O 1968: Assassination of Martin Luther King,
  Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy
  O riots
O Democratic convention riot
O Ongoing social and cultural revolution
  O sex, drugs and rock n roll
Character
O Very intelligent / ambitiously driven
O “Ruthless” / tough politician
O Life shaped by hardship (middle-class)
O Distrusts people – tendency to be let
  down
O Obsessed with power
O Introvert
Events leading to Watergate
 O 1971: Pentagon Papers
   O Containing secrets prolonging the war
   O Leaked to NY Times
   O Nixon attempts to prevent publishing, citing
     National Security
 O NY Times vs. United States
   O NY Times sues Nixon
   O NY times wins Supreme Court ruling &
     publishes papers
   O Media gains more power of freedom of speech
Events leading to Watergate
 O Nixon starts recording conversations in
   White House
   O Thoughts of conspiracy against him begins
   O Sets up “The Plumbers” to investigate
     leaks
   O Creates committee to re-elect the
     President (CRP)
Watergate Burglary
O June 17, 1972: Break-in at the Watergate
  Hotel, headquarters of the Democratic
  National Committee
O Five burglars discovered and arrested
Washington Post
O Who were the five burglars and why were
 they placing bugs in the Democratic
 Headquarters?
  O Two journalist investigate
  O Aided by a whistle blower called “Deep
    Throat”
  O Seven accused of scandal


O President Nixon re-elected
Plumbers go to court
O The trial of the Watergate burglars
O Role of Judge Sirica
O The bribery of the plumbers not to talk
O Nixon aid reveals secret tapes
O Congress investigates
O President claimed executive privilege
O Grand Jury indictments
  O Charged with conspiracy to obstruct
    justice and perjury
Secret Tapes
O Nixon tapes reveal
  O Burglary / bugging
  O Extortion / lies
  O Cover-up: Smoking gun tape - using CIA to
    interfere with FBI investigation
    O H.R. Haldeman = Chief of Staff
    O L. Patrick Gray = FBI director
    O Mark Felt = Assoicate FBI Director (#2 in
      charge); Deep throat (revealed in 2005)
    O Vernon Walters = Deputy Director CIA
“Smoking Gun Tape”




  CIA interference of FBI Watergate investigation.
Nixon and his Chief of Staff, Haldeman discussing it
Resignation
O July 1974: the House of Representatives
  voted to impeach President Nixon
O August 9, 1974: President Nixon resigned
O September 1974: Nixon granted full
  pardon
O 1977: Frost interviews Nixon
  O “When the presidents does it, its’ not
    illegal”
Nixon Resignation




    August 8, 1974
D. Frost interview w/ Nixon




  “…when the presidents does it, that means it’s not
                    illegal…”
Lesson Learned
O No one is above the law
O Distrust in the government
O Creation of new laws
O The first resignation of a U.S. President
Thank you

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The Rise and Fall of Richard M. Nixon

  • 1. The Rise & Fall of Richard M. Nixon PA 510 Fall 2012 Prepared by: Jovee Basa Joshua Perez
  • 2. What Led to Watergate? O Nixon’s Political Background O State of the Country O Nixon’s Character
  • 3. Political Background O 1946: Elected to House of Representatives O 1948-49: Alger Hiss Case O Catapulted his political career O 1950: Elected to U.S. Senate O Nickname “Tricky Dick” was dubbed upon him
  • 5. Political Background O 1953-61: Vice-President O Accused of keeping slush funds of campaign contributions O Checker speech
  • 7. Political Background O 1960: GOP Candidate for President O Loses to Democrat John F. Kennedy O 1962: GOP Candidate for Governor of California O Loses to Democrat Edmund Brown, Sr. O Speculation of political career had come to an end O 1968: GOP Candidate for President O President Johnson, not seeking a 2nd term O Robert F. Kennedy assassinated
  • 8. State of the Country O Vietnam War, escalates O 1968: Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy O riots O Democratic convention riot O Ongoing social and cultural revolution O sex, drugs and rock n roll
  • 9. Character O Very intelligent / ambitiously driven O “Ruthless” / tough politician O Life shaped by hardship (middle-class) O Distrusts people – tendency to be let down O Obsessed with power O Introvert
  • 10. Events leading to Watergate O 1971: Pentagon Papers O Containing secrets prolonging the war O Leaked to NY Times O Nixon attempts to prevent publishing, citing National Security O NY Times vs. United States O NY Times sues Nixon O NY times wins Supreme Court ruling & publishes papers O Media gains more power of freedom of speech
  • 11. Events leading to Watergate O Nixon starts recording conversations in White House O Thoughts of conspiracy against him begins O Sets up “The Plumbers” to investigate leaks O Creates committee to re-elect the President (CRP)
  • 12. Watergate Burglary O June 17, 1972: Break-in at the Watergate Hotel, headquarters of the Democratic National Committee O Five burglars discovered and arrested
  • 13. Washington Post O Who were the five burglars and why were they placing bugs in the Democratic Headquarters? O Two journalist investigate O Aided by a whistle blower called “Deep Throat” O Seven accused of scandal O President Nixon re-elected
  • 14. Plumbers go to court O The trial of the Watergate burglars O Role of Judge Sirica O The bribery of the plumbers not to talk O Nixon aid reveals secret tapes O Congress investigates O President claimed executive privilege O Grand Jury indictments O Charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice and perjury
  • 15. Secret Tapes O Nixon tapes reveal O Burglary / bugging O Extortion / lies O Cover-up: Smoking gun tape - using CIA to interfere with FBI investigation O H.R. Haldeman = Chief of Staff O L. Patrick Gray = FBI director O Mark Felt = Assoicate FBI Director (#2 in charge); Deep throat (revealed in 2005) O Vernon Walters = Deputy Director CIA
  • 16. “Smoking Gun Tape” CIA interference of FBI Watergate investigation. Nixon and his Chief of Staff, Haldeman discussing it
  • 17. Resignation O July 1974: the House of Representatives voted to impeach President Nixon O August 9, 1974: President Nixon resigned O September 1974: Nixon granted full pardon O 1977: Frost interviews Nixon O “When the presidents does it, its’ not illegal”
  • 18. Nixon Resignation August 8, 1974
  • 19. D. Frost interview w/ Nixon “…when the presidents does it, that means it’s not illegal…”
  • 20. Lesson Learned O No one is above the law O Distrust in the government O Creation of new laws O The first resignation of a U.S. President